<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:04:35 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-18 22:18:48 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB000488</accession>
  <name>Ochratoxin A</name>
  <description>Mycotoxin. Production by Aspergillus melleus, Aspergillus sulphureus and Penicillium viridicatum.Potential contaminant of foodstuffs, especially cereals. Found in stored grain products in UK (1997)

Ochratoxin A, a toxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceus and Penicillium verrucosum, is one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins in the world. Human exposure occurs mainly through consumption of improperly stored food products, particularly contaminated grain and pork products, as well as coffee, wine grapes and dried grapes. The toxin has been found in the tissues and organs of animals, including human blood and breast milk. Ochratoxin A toxicity has large species- and sex-specific differences.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>Antibiotic 9663</synonym>
    <synonym>N-[(5-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-7-yl)carbonyl]phenylalanine, 9CI</synonym>
    <synonym>Ochratoxin a-bsa conjugate from aspergillus ochraceus</synonym>
    <synonym>OTA</synonym>
    <synonym>Phenylalanine - ochratoxin a</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C20H18ClNO6</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>403.813</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>403.08226502</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2S)-2-{[(3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-yl]formamido}-3-phenylpropanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>ochratoxin A</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>303-47-9</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C[C@@H]1CC2=C(C(=O)O1)C(O)=C(C=C2Cl)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C20H18ClNO6/c1-10-7-12-14(21)9-13(17(23)16(12)20(27)28-10)18(24)22-15(19(25)26)8-11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-6,9-10,15,23H,7-8H2,1H3,(H,22,24)(H,25,26)/t10-,15+/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>RWQKHEORZBHNRI-BMIGLBTASA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ochratoxins and related substances. These are a group of chemically related metabolites containing a 3,4-dihydro-3-methylisocoumarin moiety linked through a carboxyl group to L-beta-phenylalanine by a secondary amine bond.</description>
    <direct_parent>Ochratoxins and related substances</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Phenylpropanoids and polyketides</super_class>
    <class>Ochratoxins and related substances</class>
    <sub_class/>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>2-benzopyrans</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Amphetamines and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Aryl chlorides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acid esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Lactones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>N-acyl-alpha amino acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organochlorides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organonitrogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenylalanine and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenylpropanoic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Salicylic acid and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary carboxylic acid amides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Vinylogous acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>2-benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>3-phenylpropanoic-acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Amphetamine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Aryl chloride</substituent>
      <substituent>Aryl halide</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxamide group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Isochromane</substituent>
      <substituent>Lactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>N-acyl-alpha-amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Ochratoxin-skeleton</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organochloride</substituent>
      <substituent>Organohalogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenylalanine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Salicylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary carboxylic acid amide</substituent>
      <substituent>Vinylogous acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Mycotoxins</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>N-acyl-L-phenylalanine</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>isochromanes</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>monocarboxylic acid amide</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>organochlorine compound</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>phenylalanine derivative</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.18</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-4.25</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>2.28e-02 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 169°</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>4.61</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>3.17</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(2S)-2-{[(3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-yl]formamido}-3-phenylpropanoic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>403.813</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>403.08226502</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>C[C@@H]1CC2=C(C(=O)O1)C(O)=C(C=C2Cl)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C20H18ClNO6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C20H18ClNO6/c1-10-7-12-14(21)9-13(17(23)16(12)20(27)28-10)18(24)22-15(19(25)26)8-11-5-3-2-4-6-11/h2-6,9-10,15,23H,7-8H2,1H3,(H,22,24)(H,25,26)/t10-,15+/m1/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>RWQKHEORZBHNRI-BMIGLBTASA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>112.93</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>101.77</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>40.12</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>26147</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>41326</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>132984</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>140718</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>323935</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>323936</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>323937</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>372217</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>372218</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>372219</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2745734</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2745735</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2745736</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2936635</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2936636</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2936637</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB29399</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce3179e258&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Barley</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Hordeum vulgare</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4513</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Breakfast cereal</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cereals and cereal products</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Common wheat</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Triticum aestivum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4565</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Calcium channel blocker</name>
      <id>749</id>
      <definition>One of a class of drugs that acts by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cell membranes or on the release and binding of calcium in intracellular pools.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Carcinogenic</name>
      <id>762</id>
      <definition>A role played by a chemical compound which is known to  induce a process of carcinogenesis  by corrupting  normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.</definition>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
