<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:05:18 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2019-11-26 02:57:16 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB002281</accession>
  <name>N-Acetyl-L-cysteine</name>
  <description>Effective inhibitor of enzymic browning in foods [DFC]

N-Acetyl-L-cysteine is a pharmaceutical drug and nutritional supplement used primarily as a mucolytic agent and in the management of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Other uses include sulfate repletion in conditions, such as autism, where cysteine and related sulfur amino acids may be depleted. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine is a precursor in the formation of the antioxidant glutathione in the body. The thiol group confers antioxidant effects and is able to reduce free radicals. [Wikipedia].</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-(Acetylamino)-3-mercaptopropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-Acetamido-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-acetylamino-3-Sulfanylpropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-Acetylamino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-acetylamino-3-Sulphanylpropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-acetylamino-3-Sulphanylpropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-2-acetylamino-3-Mercaptopropanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-2-Acetylamino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-Mercaptate</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-Mercaptic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-Mercapturic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Acetylamino-3-mercapto-propionate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Acetylamino-3-mercapto-propionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Acetadote</synonym>
    <synonym>Acetein</synonym>
    <synonym>Acetilcisteina</synonym>
    <synonym>Acetylcysteine</synonym>
    <synonym>Acetylcysteinum</synonym>
    <synonym>Airbron</synonym>
    <synonym>Fabrol</synonym>
    <synonym>Fluimicil infantil</synonym>
    <synonym>Fluimucetin</synonym>
    <synonym>Flumucetin</synonym>
    <synonym>Fluprowit</synonym>
    <synonym>L-2-Acetamido-3-mercaptopropanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-a-acetamido-b-Mercaptopropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-a-acetamido-b-Mercaptopropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Acetylcysteine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-alpha-acetamido-beta-Mercaptopropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-alpha-Acetamido-beta-mercaptopropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-α-acetamido-β-mercaptopropionate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-α-acetamido-β-mercaptopropionic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Lysomucil</synonym>
    <synonym>Mercaptate</synonym>
    <synonym>Mercaptic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Mercapturic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Mucomyst</synonym>
    <synonym>N-Acety-L-cysteine</synonym>
    <synonym>N-Acetyl cysteine</synonym>
    <synonym>N-Acetyl-3-mercaptoalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>N-Acetyl-L-(+)-cysteine</synonym>
    <synonym>N-Acetyl-L-cysteine</synonym>
    <synonym>N-Acetylcysteine</synonym>
    <synonym>N-Acetylcysteine; L-form</synonym>
    <synonym>NAC</synonym>
    <synonym>NSC 111180</synonym>
    <synonym>Parvolex</synonym>
    <synonym>Respaire</synonym>
    <synonym>Sodium 2-acetamido-3-mercaptopropionate</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C5H9NO3S</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>163.195</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>163.030313849</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>acetylcysteine</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>616-91-1</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C5H9NO3S/c1-3(7)6-4(2-10)5(8)9/h4,10H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t4-/m0/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-l-alpha-amino acids. These are n-acylated alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.</description>
    <direct_parent>N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acids</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic acids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class>Carboxylic acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Amino acids, peptides, and analogues</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Acetamides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alkylthiols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Cysteine and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organonitrogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary carboxylic acid amides</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Acetamide</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkylthiol</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxamide group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Cysteine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>N-acyl-l-alpha-amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organosulfur compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary carboxylic acid amide</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>L-cysteine derivative</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>N-acetyl-L-amino acid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>acetylcysteine</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.03</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.51</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>5.09e+00 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 109-110°</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-0.71</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>3.82</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(2R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>163.195</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>163.030313849</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C5H9NO3S</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C5H9NO3S/c1-3(7)6-4(2-10)5(8)9/h4,10H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t4-/m0/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>66.4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>37.67</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>15.34</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>39</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>74</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>78</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1446</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1447</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1448</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1331</spectrum_id>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>8290</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>29920</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31365</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38170</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>131177</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>138911</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
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      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1795</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
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    <spectrum>
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      <spectrum_id>1797</spectrum_id>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>258876</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>258877</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>258878</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>278814</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>278815</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>278816</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>2226661</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>2228993</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>2232291</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>2233865</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>2255157</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1783</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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      <spectrum_id>9847</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>9848</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9849</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>9857</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>9859</spectrum_id>
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      <spectrum_id>9861</spectrum_id>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1723</spectrum_id>
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  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB01890</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>28939</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id>1ZT</het_id>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be4e20&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be4c68&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be4ab0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be48f8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be4740&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be4588&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be43d0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be4218&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be4060&gt;</reference>
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    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be3ca0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be3ae8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be3930&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be3778&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be35c0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be3408&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31be3250&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Anatidae</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anatidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8830</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Beefalo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bos taurus X Bison bison</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>297284</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Bison</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bison bison</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9901</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Buffalo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bubalus bubalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>89462</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cattle (Beef, Veal)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bos taurus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9913</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Chicken</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Gallus gallus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9031</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Columbidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8930</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 0% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 1% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 2% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin D added, 3.25% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Deer</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cervidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9850</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Domestic goat</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capra aegagrus hircus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9925</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Domestic pig</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Sus scrofa domestica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9825</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Elk</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cervus canadensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>1574408</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Emu</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Dromaius novaehollandiae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8790</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>European rabbit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Oryctolagus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9984</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Greylag goose</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anser anser</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8843</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Guinea hen</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Numida meleagris</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8996</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Horse</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Equus caballus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9796</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mallard duck</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anas platyrhynchos</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8839</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Milk (Cow)</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mountain hare</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lepus timidus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>62621</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mule deer</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Odocoileus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9871</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Ostrich</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Struthio camelus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8801</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pheasant</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phasianus colchicus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9054</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Quail</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phasianidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9005</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rabbit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Leporidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9979</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rock ptarmigan</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lagopus muta</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>64668</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sheep (Mutton, Lamb)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Ovis aries</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9940</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Squab</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Columba</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8931</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Turkey</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Meleagris gallopavo</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9103</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Velvet duck</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Melanitta fusca</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>371864</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Wild boar</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Sus scrofa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9823</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Glycine N-acyltransferase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q6IB77</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>GLYAT</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q969I3</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>GLYATL1</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q8WU03</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>GLYATL2</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
