1.02010-04-08 22:05:57 UTC2019-11-26 02:59:35 UTCFDB003780MercuryMercury is a metal that is a liquid at room temperature. Mercury has a long and interesting history deriving from its use in medicine and industry, with the resultant toxicity produced. In high enough doses, all forms of mercury can produce toxicity. The most devastating tragedies related to mercury toxicity in recent history include Minamata Bay and Niagata, Japan in the 1950s, and Iraq in the 1970s. More recent mercury toxicity issues include the extreme toxicity of the dimethylmercury compound noted in 1998, the possible toxicity related to dental amalgams, and the disproved relationship between vaccines and autism related to the presence of the mercury-containing preservative, thimerosal.; Hair has been used in many studies as a bioindicator of mercury exposure for human populations. At the time of hair formation, mercury from the blood capillaries penetrates into the hair follicles. As hair grows approximately 1 cm each month, mercury exposure over time is recapitulated in hair strands. Mercury levels in hair closest to the scalp reflect the most recent exposure, while those farthest from the scalp are representative of previous blood concentrations. Sequential analyses of hair mercury have been useful for identifying seasonal variations over time in hair mercury content, which may be the result of seasonal differences in bioavailability of fish and differential consumption of piscivorous and herbivorous fish species. Knowledge of the relation between fish-eating practices and hair mercury levels is particularly important for adequate mitigation strategies. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Methyl mercury is well absorbed, and because the biological half-life is long, the body burden in humans may reach high levels. People who frequently eat contaminated seafood can acquire mercury concentrations that are potentially dangerous to the fetus in pregnant women. The dose-response relationships have been extensively studied, and the safe levels of exposure have tended to decline. Individual methyl mercury exposure is usually determined by analysis of mercury in blood and hair. ; Whilst the clinical features of acute mercury poisoning have been well described, chronic low dose exposure to mercury remains poorly characterised and its potential role in various chronic disease states remains controversial. Low molecular weight thiols, i.e. sulfhydryl containing molecules such as cysteine, are emerging as important factors in the transport and distribution of mercury throughout the body due to the phenomenon of "Molecular Mimicry" and its role in the molecular transport of mercury. Chelation agents such as the dithiols sodium 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfate (DMPS) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) are the treatments of choice for mercury toxicity. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a disulfide, and its metabolite dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), a dithiol, have also been shown to have chelation properties when used in an appropriate manner. Whilst N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) have been recommended in the treatment of mercury toxicity in the past, an examination of available evidence suggests these agents may in fact be counterproductive. Zinc and selenium have also been shown to exert protective effects against mercury toxicity, most likely mediated by induction of the metal binding proteins metallothionein and selenoprotein-P. Evidence suggests however that the co-administration of selenium and dithiol chelation agents during treatment may also be counter-productive. Finally, the issue of diagnostic testing for chronic, historical or low dose mercury poisoning is considered including an analysis of the influence of ligand interactions and nutritional factors upon the accuracy of "chelation challenge" tests. (PMID: 17448359, 17408840, 17193738). Mercury is found in many foods, some of which are rice, wild carrot, horseradish, and endive.AzogueBlue massBlue pillColloidal mercuryElemental mercuryHGHg(2+)Hg2+HGNHydrargyrumKWIKMarceroMercureMercuric ionMercurioMercurius Vivus 4ch-30ch Gran and GlobMERCURY (II) ionMercury [UN2809] [Corrosive]Mercury atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 1.00 g HgMercury massMercury metal [mercury and mercury compounds]Mercury vaporMercury vapor (as HG)Mercury, elementalMercury, elemental and inorganic formsMercury, metallicMercury, vapormercury(0)Mercury(2+) ionMercury(II)Mercury(II) cationMetallic mercuryQuecksilberQuick silverQuicksilverRathjeRTECUN 2024 (liquid compounds)Hg200.59201.970625604mercurymercury7439-97-6[Hg]InChI=1S/HgQSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom.Homogeneous transition metal compoundsInorganic compoundsHomogeneous metal compoundsHomogeneous transition metal compoundsInorganic mercury compoundsHomogeneous transition metalInorganic mercury compoundan inorganic compoundelemental mercuryLiquidmelting_point-38.8 oClogp0.62iupacmercuryaverage_mass200.59mono_mass201.970625604smiles[Hg]formulaHginchiInChI=1S/HginchikeyQSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-Npolar_surface_area0refractivity0polarizability1.78rotatable_bond_count0acceptor_count0donor_count0physiological_charge0formal_charge0Specdb::MsMs78225Specdb::MsMs78226Specdb::MsMs78227Specdb::MsMs138519Specdb::MsMs138520Specdb::MsMs138521HMDB0362516170HG#<Reference:0x000055567420f740>#<Reference:0x000055567420f588>#<Reference:0x000055567420f3d0>AllspiceType 1specificPimenta dioica3752720.0050.0050.005mg/100 gAlmondType 1specificPrunus dulcis37550.00510.00510.0051mg/100 gAmerican cranberryType 1specificVaccinium macrocarpon137500.00040.00040.0004mg/100 gAppleType 1specificMalus pumila2832100.0010.0010.001mg/100 gAsparagusType 1specificAsparagus officinalis46860.00010.00010.0001mg/100 gBarleyType 1specificHordeum vulgare45130.0070.0070.007mg/100 gBeerType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gBilberryType 1specificVaccinium myrtillus180763Black walnutType 1specificJuglans nigra167190.010.010.01mg/100 gBlack-eyed peaType 1specificVigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata3920BlackcurrantType 1specificRibes nigrum785110.00050.00050.0005mg/100 gBrazil nutType 1specificBertholletia excelsa36450.0010.0010.001mg/100 gBroccoliType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. italica36774BurdockType 1specificArctium lappa42170.1270.1270.127mg/100 gButternutType 1specificJuglans cinerea912140.0010.0010.001mg/100 gCabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. capitata37160.000650.000650.00065mg/100 gCarrotType 1specificDaucus carota ssp. sativus792000.00230.00230.0023mg/100 gCashew nutType 1specificAnacardium occidentale1719290.0010.0010.001mg/100 gChinese cinnamonType 1specificCinnamomum aromaticum1192606.06.06.0mg/100 gCloudberryType 1specificRubus chamaemorus579360.000350.000350.00035mg/100 gCoconutType 1specificCocos nucifera138940.010.010.01mg/100 gCommon beanType 1specificPhaseolus vulgaris38850.0010.0010.001mg/100 gCommon grapeType 1specificVitis vinifera297600.000550.000550.00055mg/100 gCommon hazelnutType 1specificCorylus avellana134510.00270.00270.0027mg/100 gCommon peaType 1specificPisum sativum38880.001250.001250.00125mg/100 gCommon wheatType 1specificTriticum aestivum45650.00790.00790.0079mg/100 gCornType 1specificZea mays45770.00360.00360.0036mg/100 gCucumberType 1specificCucumis sativus36590.00250.00250.0025mg/100 gDillType 1specificAnethum graveolens409220.003150.003150.00315mg/100 gEggplantType 1specificSolanum melongena41110.00010.00010.0001mg/100 gEndiveType 1specificCichorium endivia1142800.00020.00020.0002mg/100 gEuropean plumType 1specificPrunus domestica37580.000650.000650.00065mg/100 gFrench plantainType 1specificMusa X paradisiaca89151Garden onionType 1specificAllium cepa46790.000050.000050.00005mg/100 gGarden rhubarbType 1specificRheum rhabarbarum36210.00710.00710.0071mg/100 gGarden tomato (var.)Type 1specificSolanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum3977550.000150.000150.00015mg/100 gGooseberryType 1specificRibes uva-crispa1355180.000850.000850.00085mg/100 gGram beanType 1specificVigna mungo39150.00450.00450.0045mg/100 gGreen bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.00010.00010.0001mg/100 gHorseradishType 1specificArmoracia rusticana3704Irish mossType 1specificChondrus crispus27690.70.70.7mg/100 gLettuceType 1specificLactuca sativa42360.0020.0020.002mg/100 gLoquatType 1specificEriobotrya japonica322240.0020.0020.002mg/100 gMandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine)Type 1specificCitrus reticulata85571Milk (Cow)Type 2specific0.0002670.001740.00003mg/100 gMung beanType 1specificVigna radiata1577910.00360.00360.0036mg/100 gMuskmelonType 1specificCucumis melo36560.00010.00010.0001mg/100 gOrange bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.00010.00010.0001mg/100 gParsleyType 1specificPetroselinum crispum40430.01870.01870.0187mg/100 gParsnipType 1specificPastinaca sativa40410.000150.000150.00015mg/100 gPeachType 1specificPrunus persica37600.000350.000350.00035mg/100 gPeanutType 1specificArachis hypogaea3818PearType 1specificPyrus communis232110.000950.000950.00095mg/100 gPepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.00010.00010.0001mg/100 gPistachioType 1specificPistacia vera555130.010.010.01mg/100 gPotatoType 1specificSolanum tuberosum41130.00250.00250.0025mg/100 gRadishType 1specificRaphanus sativus37260.00070.00070.0007mg/100 gRed beetrootType 1specificBeta vulgaris var. rubra0.00080.00080.0008mg/100 gRed bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.00010.00010.0001mg/100 gRedcurrantType 1specificRibes rubrum1752280.00030.00030.0003mg/100 gRiceType 1specificOryza sativa45300.01670.01670.0167mg/100 gSafflowerType 1specificCarthamus tinctorius42220.0020.0020.002mg/100 gSpinachType 1specificSpinacia oleracea35620.005650.005650.00565mg/100 gSweet orangeType 1specificCitrus sinensis27110.000050.000050.00005mg/100 gWhite cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.0.000650.000650.00065mg/100 gWild carrotType 1specificDaucus carota40390.00230.00230.0023mg/100 gWild celeryType 1specificApium graveolens40450.001350.001350.00135mg/100 gYellow bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.00010.00010.0001mg/100 gnephrotoxic1148A role played by a chemical compound exihibiting itself through the ability to induce damage to the kidney in animals.neurotoxic1160A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.