1.02010-04-08 22:06:07 UTC2019-11-26 02:59:52 UTCFDB004188SilverAmong metals, pure silver has the highest thermal conductivity (the non-metal diamond and superfluid helium II are higher) and one of the highest optical reflectivity. (Aluminium slightly outdoes silver in parts of the visible spectrum, and silver is a poor reflector of ultraviolet light). Silver also has the lowest contact resistance of any metal. Silver halides are photosensitive and are remarkable for their ability to record a latent image that can later be developed chemically. Silver is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when it is exposed to air or water containing ozone or hydrogen sulfide to form a black layer of silver sulfide which can be cleaned off with dilute hydrochloric acid. The most common oxidation state of silver is +1 (for example, silver nitrate: AgNO3); in addition, +2 compounds (for example, silver(II) fluoride: AgF2) and +3 compounds (for example, potassium tetrafluoroargentate: K[AgF4]) are known.; Hippocrates, the "father of medicine", wrote that silver had beneficial healing and anti-disease properties, and the Phoenicians used to store water, wine, and vinegar in silver bottles to prevent spoiling. In the early 1900s people would put silver dollars in milk bottles to prolong the milk's freshness. Its germicidal effects increased its value in utensils and as jewellery. The exact process of silver's germicidal effect is still not well understood, although theories exist. One of these is the oligodynamic effect, which explains the effect on microorganisms but would not explain antiviral effects.; Jewellery and silverware are traditionally made from sterling silver (standard silver), an alloy of 92.5% silver with 7.5% copper. In the United States, only an alloy consisting of at least 92.5% fine silver can be marketed as "silver". Sterling silver is harder than pure silver, and has a lower melting point (893 °C) than either pure silver or pure copper. Britannia silver is an alternative hallmark-quality standard containing 95.8% silver, often used to make silver tableware and wrought plate. With the addition of germanium, the patented modified alloy Argentium Sterling Silver is formed, with improved properties including resistance to firescale.; Silver bromide is a yellow, low hardness salt.; Silver is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag (Latin: argentum) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold (electrum) and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a by-product of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining.; Silver is a constituent of almost all colored carat gold alloys and carat gold solders, giving the alloys paler colour and greater hardness. White 9 carat gold contains 62.5% silver and 37.5% gold, while 22 carat gold contains up to 8.4% silver or 8.4% copper.; Silver is a very ductile and malleable (slightly harder than gold) monovalent coinage metal with a brilliant white metallic luster that can take a high degree of polish. It has the highest electrical conductivity of all metals, even higher than copper, but its greater cost and tarnishability have prevented it from being widely used in place of copper for electrical purposes, though 13,540 tons were used in the electromagnets used for enriching uranium during World War II (mainly because of the wartime shortage of copper). Another notable exception is in high-end audio cables.; Silver is commonly used in catheters. Silver alloy catheters are more effective than standard catheters for reducing bacteriuria in adults in hospital having short term catheterisation.This meta-analysis clarifies discrepant results among trials of silver-coated urinary catheters by revealing that silver alloy catheters are significantly more effective in preventing urinary tract infections than are silver oxide catheters. Though silver alloy urinary catheters cost about $6 more than standard urinary catheters, they may be worth the extra cost since catheter-related infection is a common cause of nosocomial infection and bacteremia.; Silver is widely distributed in the earth's crust and is found in soil, fresh and sea water, and the air. It is readily absorbed into the human body with food and drink and through inhalation, but the low levels of silver commonly present in the bloodstream (< 2.3 b.mu g/L) and in key tissues like liver and kidney have not been associated with any disease or disability. Silver is not an acknowledged trace element in the human body and fulfills no physiological or biochemical role in any tissue even though it interacts with several essential elements including zinc and calcium. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Silver has a long history in the treatment of human diseases, including epilepsy, neonatal eye disease, venereal diseases, and wound infections. It has been employed in water purification and is currently used to safeguard hospital hot water systems against Legionella infections. Principle routes of human exposure to silver nowadays are through its widespread use as an antimicrobial agent in wound care products and medical devices, including in-dwelling catheters, bone cements, cardiac valves and prostheses, orthopedic pins, and dental devices. In each case, the antimicrobial properties of silver are dependent upon release of biologically active silver ion (Ag*) from metallic silver (including nanocrystalline forms), silver nitrate, silver sulfadiazine, and other silver compounds incorporated in the various devices, and its lethal effect on pathogenic organisms.; Experience has shown that a large proportion of the silver ion released from medical devices not required for antimicrobial action is disseminated into tissue fluids and exudates, where it combines with albumins and macroglobulins. These silver-protein complexes are absorbed into the systemic circulation to be deposited in key soft tissues, including the skin, liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, and brain. As a xenobiotic material, silver must be presumed to present a health risk to exposed persons under some circumstances. Unlike the well-documented neurotoxic metals including lead and mercury, silver does not appear to be a cumulative poison and is eliminated from the body through the urine and feces. Excretion of silver by these routes may be a measure of mean daily intake, but since this view is based largely on the clinical use of silver nitrate and silver sulfadiazine used in burn wound therapy, its true relevance in the metabolism of silver used in the wider context of medical devices is questionable.; Argyria is the most widely publicized clinical condition associated with silver accumulation in blood and soft tissues. It commonly occurs in individuals exposed to high levels of silver occupationally (metallurgy, photography, and mining industries), or consuming or inhaling silver hygiene products (including colloidal silver products) for long periods. Silver is absorbed into the body and deposited in the perivascular regions of the skin and other soft tissues as black granules of silver sulfide or silver selenide. The resulting slate grey discoloration of the skin occasionally associated with melanogenic changes, is semipermanent and cosmetically undesirable but is not known to be life-threatening. (PMID: 17453933); The price of silver is important in Judaic Law. The lowest fiscal amount that a Jewish court, or Beth Din, can convene to adjudicate a case over is a shova pruta (value of a Babylonian pruta coin). This is fixed at 1/8 of a gram of pure, unrefined silver, at market price.AGAg(+)Ag+AGNAlgaedynAmalgumArgentArgent. nit.ArgentumArgentum colloidaleArgentum cyanatumArgentum Met.Praep.D8(D10 D12 D15 D20 D30)Argentum metallicumArgentum Metallicum (Silver Metallicum 6x)Argentum Metallicum 4ch - 30chArgentum Mettallicum Gtte 4ch-30chArgentum nitricumArgentum Nitricum 3ch-30chArgentum Nitricum Gtte 5ch-15chArgentum nitricum homaccordArgentum phosphoricumAstroflake 5Carey lea silverCol silColloidal silverCollosol argentumD 25 (metal)Degussa 67Degussa 80Dermazin Crm 1%Dotite XA 208EpinallFA 2 (metal)Flamazine Crm 1%G 12 (metal)Germany: C-Pigment 2Jelcon SH 1KS (metal)L-3 (element)Lead refinery silver bullionLiquid silverMetz 25BPekana - argentum metallicumPekana - argentum nitricumPlataShell silverSilberSilflake 135Silpowder 130SilvadeneSilver atomSilver atomic absorption standard solutionSilver atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 1.00 g AgSilver colloidalSilver elementalSilver granufoamSilver iodideSILVER ionSilver ion (1+)Silver ion standard solutionSilver Liquid (S#107)-LiqSilver metalSilver metal and soluble compoundsSilver nanoparticlesSilver Nitrate Liquid (S#106)-LiqSilver preparationSilver standard for aasSilver standard for icpSilver, bullionSilver, colloidalSilver, dispersionSilver, elementalSilver, Isotope Of Mass 109Silver, metal and soluble compoundssilver(0)Silver(II)Ssd (1% silver sulfadiazine cream usp)TCG 7rTheraworxAg107.8682106.90509302silversilver7440-22-4[Ag]InChI=1S/AgBQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom.Homogeneous transition metal compoundsInorganic compoundsHomogeneous metal compoundsHomogeneous transition metal compoundsHomogeneous transition metalelemental silverSolidmelting_point960.5 oClogp-0.73iupacsilveraverage_mass107.8682mono_mass106.90509302smiles[Ag]formulaAginchiInChI=1S/AginchikeyBQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-Npolar_surface_area0refractivity0polarizability1.78rotatable_bond_count0acceptor_count0donor_count0physiological_charge0formal_charge0Specdb::MsMs97884Specdb::MsMs97885Specdb::MsMs97886Specdb::MsMs162687Specdb::MsMs162688Specdb::MsMs162689HMDB026599141AG#<Reference:0x0000555675bd2858>AppleType 1specificMalus pumila2832100.004850.004850.00485mg/100 gAsparagusType 1specificAsparagus officinalis46860.01050.01050.0105mg/100 gBlack-eyed peaType 1specificVigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata3920CabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. capitata37160.03250.03250.0325mg/100 gChicoryType 1specificCichorium intybus13427Common beanType 1specificPhaseolus vulgaris38850.0120250.0150.00905mg/100 gCommon grapeType 1specificVitis vinifera297600.004950.004950.00495mg/100 gCornType 1specificZea mays45770.003350.003350.00335mg/100 gCucumberType 1specificCucumis sativus36590.002590.00750.00008708mg/100 gEggplantType 1specificSolanum melongena41110.01250.01250.0125mg/100 gEndiveType 1specificCichorium endivia1142800.0220.0220.022mg/100 gEuropean plumType 1specificPrunus domestica37580.02660.02660.0266mg/100 gFlaxseedType 1specificLinum usitatissimum4006Garden onionType 1specificAllium cepa46790.0020310.00460.000134349mg/100 gGarden tomato (var.)Type 1specificSolanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum3977550.070.070.07mg/100 gGreen bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.008550.008550.00855mg/100 gGreen zucchiniType 1specificCucurbita pepo var. cylindrica0.0003610.0004716640.000250636mg/100 gLettuceType 1specificLactuca sativa42360.02990.02990.0299mg/100 gMuskmelonType 1specificCucumis melo36560.009850.009850.00985mg/100 gOrange bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.0032790.008550.000453106mg/100 gParsleyType 1specificPetroselinum crispum40430.01950.01950.0195mg/100 gPeachType 1specificPrunus persica37600.015750.015750.01575mg/100 gPearType 1specificPyrus communis232110.00260.00260.0026mg/100 gPepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.008550.008550.00855mg/100 gPotatoType 1specificSolanum tuberosum41130.00480.00480.0048mg/100 gRed bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.0033380.008550.000687039mg/100 gRomaine lettuceType 1specificLactuca sativa L. var. longifolia0.0000590.000062390.00005632mg/100 gSunburst squash (pattypan squash)Type 1specificCucurbita pepo var. clypeata0.0003420.0003793990.000304333mg/100 gSweet orangeType 1specificCitrus sinensis27110.00410.00410.0041mg/100 gWhite cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.0.03250.03250.0325mg/100 gYellow bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.0037920.008550.001235988mg/100 ganti bacterial145A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.astringent712A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions.pesticide1210Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.