<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:09:28 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-18 23:24:43 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB011120</accession>
  <name>Paraquat</name>
  <description>Herbicide</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>1,1'-Dimethyl-[4,4'-bipyridin]-1,1'-diium</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium cation</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridium</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridyldiylium</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridyldiylium ion (8CI)</synonym>
    <synonym>Dextrone</synonym>
    <synonym>Dimethyl viologen</synonym>
    <synonym>Methyl viologen (2+)</synonym>
    <synonym>MV(2+)</synonym>
    <synonym>N,N'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium</synonym>
    <synonym>N,N'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dication</synonym>
    <synonym>N,N'-Dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridyl(2+)</synonym>
    <synonym>N,N'-Dimethyl-gamma,gamma'-dipyridylium</synonym>
    <synonym>Paraquat dication</synonym>
    <synonym>Paraquat ion</synonym>
    <synonym>Paraquat, ANSI, BSI, ISO, JMAF, WSSA</synonym>
    <synonym>Starfire</synonym>
    <synonym>Weedol</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C12H14N2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>186.253</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>186.115698458</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>1,1'-dimethyl-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>starfire</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>4685-14-7</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C[N+]1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=[N+](C)C=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C12H14N2/c1-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)12-5-9-14(2)10-6-12/h3-10H,1-2H3/q+2</inchi>
  <inchikey>INFDPOAKFNIJBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bipyridines and oligopyridines. These are organic compounds containing two pyridine rings linked to each other.</description>
    <direct_parent>Bipyridines and oligopyridines</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organoheterocyclic compounds</super_class>
    <class>Pyridines and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Bipyridines and oligopyridines</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Heteroaromatic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>N-methylpyridinium compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic cations</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organonitrogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyridinium derivatives</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>4,4p-bipyridinium</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Bipyridine</substituent>
      <substituent>Heteroaromatic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>N-methylpyridinium</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic cation</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyridinium</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Bipyridinium herbicides</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>a small molecule</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>organic cation</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-4.20</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-6.19</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>1.64e-04 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>300 oC</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-6.7</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>1,1'-dimethyl-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>186.253</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>186.115698458</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>C[N+]1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC=[N+](C)C=C1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C12H14N2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C12H14N2/c1-13-7-3-11(4-8-13)12-5-9-14(2)10-6-12/h3-10H,1-2H3/q+2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>INFDPOAKFNIJBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>7.76</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>59.19</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>22</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>5196</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>5197</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>89760</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>89761</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>89762</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>152748</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>152749</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>152750</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>34905</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
