<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:09:58 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-18 23:33:22 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB012047</accession>
  <name>(±)-Malic acid</name>
  <description>Acidulant, antioxidant, flavouring agent, flavour enhancer. Not for use in baby foods (GRAS)</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(+-)-hydroxysuccinic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(+-)-malic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-hydroxybutanedioic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-malate</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-malic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-)-</synonym>
    <synonym>Malic acid, DL-</synonym>
    <synonym>Malic acid,(DL)</synonym>
    <synonym>R,S-malate</synonym>
    <synonym>R,S-malic acid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C4H6O5</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>134.0874</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>134.021523302</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(-)-malic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>617-48-1</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>O[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta hydroxy acids and derivatives. Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives are compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the C3 carbon atom.</description>
    <direct_parent>Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic acids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class>Hydroxy acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Fatty acids and conjugates</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Beta-hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Short-chain hydroxy acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>malic acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.87</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>0.21</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>2.18e+02 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 131-133°</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-1.1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>3.2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3.9</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>134.0874</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>134.021523302</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>O[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C4H6O5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>94.83</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>24.88</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>10.93</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
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      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
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      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
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    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>236</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>972</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1174</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
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      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
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      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
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      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2254556</spectrum_id>
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  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB0000156</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
