1.0
2010-04-08 22:10:04 UTC
2020-09-17 15:38:09 UTC
FDB012250
3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid, also known as a-keto-isovalerate or 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid is a fruity tasting compound. Outside of the human body, alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as root vegetables, jerusalem artichokes, rapinis, chia, and cowpea. This could make alpha-ketoisovaleric acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid is a potentially toxic compound. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with the diseases such as colorectal cancer; alpha-ketoisovaleric acid has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder maple syrup urine disease. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of isovaleric acid.
2-keto-3-Methylbutyrate
2-keto-3-Methylbutyric acid
2-KETO-ISOVALERATE
2-Ketoisovalerate
2-Ketoisovaleric acid
2-Ketoisvaleric acid
2-Ketovaline
2-oxo-3-Methyl-butyrate
2-oxo-3-Methylbutanoate
2-Oxo-3-methylbutanoic acid
2-Oxo-3-methylbutyrate
2-Oxo-3-methylbutyric acid
2-Oxoisopentanoic acid
2-Oxoisovalerate
2-Oxoisovaleric acid
3-methyl-2-oxo-Butanoate
3-methyl-2-oxo-Butanoic acid
3-methyl-2-oxo-Butyrate
3-methyl-2-oxo-Butyric acid
3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoate
3-Methyl-2-oxobutinoate
3-Methyl-2-oxobutinoic acid
3-Methyl-2-oxobutyrate
3-Methyl-2-oxobutyric acid
A-keto-b-methylbutyrate
A-keto-b-methylbutyric acid
A-keto-isovalerate
A-keto-isovaleric acid
A-ketoisovalerate
a-Ketoisovaleric acid
a-Ketovaline
A-oxo-b-methylbutyrate
A-oxo-b-methylbutyric acid
a-oxo-b-Methylbutyricacid
A-oxoisovalerate
A-oxoisovaleric acid
Alpha-keto-beta-methylbutyrate
Alpha-keto-beta-methylbutyric acid
Alpha-keto-isovalerate
Alpha-keto-isovaleric acid
Alpha-keto-valine
Alpha-ketoisopentanoic acid
Alpha-ketoisovalerate
Alpha-ketoisovaleric acid
alpha-Ketovaline
Alpha-oxo-beta-methylbutyrate
Alpha-oxo-beta-methylbutyric acid
alpha-oxo-beta-Methylbutyricacid
Alpha-oxoisovalerate
Alpha-oxoisovaleric acid
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-2-oxo-
Dimethylpyruvate
Dimethylpyruvic acid
FEMA 3869
Isopropylglyoxylate
Isopropylglyoxylic acid
Ketovaline
KIV
α-keto-isovalerate
α-keto-isovaleric acid
α-ketovaline
α-oxo-β-methylbutyricacid
α-oxoisovalerate
α-oxoisovaleric acid
C5H8O3
116.1152
116.047344122
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
α-ketoisovalerate
759-05-7
CC(C)C(=O)C(O)=O
InChI=1S/C5H8O3/c1-3(2)4(6)5(7)8/h3H,1-2H3,(H,7,8)
QHKABHOOEWYVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms.
Short-chain keto acids and derivatives
Organic compounds
Organic acids and derivatives
Keto acids and derivatives
Short-chain keto acids and derivatives
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
Alpha-hydroxy ketones
Alpha-keto acids and derivatives
Carboxylic acids
Hydrocarbon derivatives
Methyl-branched fatty acids
Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
Organic oxides
Aliphatic acyclic compound
Alpha-hydroxy ketone
Alpha-keto acid
Branched fatty acid
Carbonyl group
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Fatty acyl
Hydrocarbon derivative
Ketone
Methyl-branched fatty acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic oxide
Organic oxygen compound
Organooxygen compound
Short-chain keto acid
2-oxo monocarboxylic acid
Branched fatty acids
Branched fatty acids
Solid
logp
0.49
logs
-0.59
solubility
3.02e+01 g/l
melting_point
Mp 31°
logp
1.31
pka_strongest_acidic
3.37
pka_strongest_basic
-9.7
iupac
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
average_mass
116.1152
mono_mass
116.047344122
smiles
CC(C)C(=O)C(O)=O
formula
C5H8O3
inchi
InChI=1S/C5H8O3/c1-3(2)4(6)5(7)8/h3H,1-2H3,(H,7,8)
inchikey
QHKABHOOEWYVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
polar_surface_area
54.37
refractivity
27.19
polarizability
11.04
rotatable_bond_count
2
acceptor_count
3
donor_count
1
physiological_charge
-1
formal_charge
0
Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation
SMP00032
map00280
Specdb::NmrTwoD
926
Specdb::NmrTwoD
935
Specdb::MsIr
97
Specdb::MsIr
98
Specdb::MsIr
99
Specdb::NmrOneD
1033
Specdb::NmrOneD
4866
Specdb::NmrOneD
4867
Specdb::NmrOneD
5352
Specdb::NmrOneD
5353
Specdb::NmrOneD
5354
Specdb::NmrOneD
5355
Specdb::NmrOneD
5356
Specdb::NmrOneD
5357
Specdb::NmrOneD
5358
Specdb::NmrOneD
5359
Specdb::NmrOneD
5360
Specdb::NmrOneD
5361
Specdb::NmrOneD
5362
Specdb::NmrOneD
5363
Specdb::NmrOneD
5364
Specdb::NmrOneD
5365
Specdb::NmrOneD
5366
Specdb::NmrOneD
5367
Specdb::NmrOneD
5368
Specdb::NmrOneD
5369
Specdb::NmrOneD
5370
Specdb::NmrOneD
5371
Specdb::NmrOneD
166590
Specdb::CMs
282
Specdb::CMs
283
Specdb::CMs
938
Specdb::CMs
966
Specdb::CMs
2985
Specdb::CMs
30050
Specdb::CMs
30051
Specdb::CMs
30583
Specdb::CMs
30584
Specdb::CMs
30953
Specdb::CMs
30954
Specdb::CMs
31977
Specdb::CMs
31978
Specdb::CMs
37247
Specdb::CMs
137030
Specdb::CMs
144764
Specdb::CMs
1047012
Specdb::CMs
1047014
Specdb::CMs
1047015
Specdb::MsMs
31
Specdb::MsMs
32
Specdb::MsMs
2549
Specdb::MsMs
2550
Specdb::MsMs
2551
Specdb::MsMs
2552
Specdb::MsMs
7013
Specdb::MsMs
7014
Specdb::MsMs
7015
Specdb::MsMs
13685
Specdb::MsMs
13686
Specdb::MsMs
13687
Specdb::MsMs
438056
Specdb::MsMs
438057
Specdb::MsMs
438058
Specdb::MsMs
438059
Specdb::MsMs
438656
Specdb::MsMs
2231662
Specdb::MsMs
2232510
Specdb::MsMs
2234104
Specdb::MsMs
2234852
Specdb::MsMs
3043420
Specdb::MsMs
3043421
Specdb::MsMs
3043422
Specdb::MsMs
3099565
HMDB00019
16530
KIV
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Abalone
Type 1
specific
Haliotis
6452
Abiyuch
Type 1
specific
Crateva religiosa
202634
Acerola
Type 1
specific
Malpighia emarginata
151847
Acorn
Type 1
specific
Quercus
3511
Acorn squash
Type 1
Cucurbita pepo var. turbinata
Adzuki bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna angularis
3914
Agar
Type 1
specific
Eucheuma
31444
Agave
Type 1
specific
Agave
39509
Alaska blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium alaskaense
190544
Alaska wild rhubarb
Type 1
specific
Polygonum alpinum
125586
Albizia gummifera
Type 1
Albizia gummifera
Alcoholic beverages
Unknown
generic
Alfalfa
Type 1
specific
Medicago sativa
3879
Allium
Type 1
specific
Allium
4678
Allspice
Type 1
specific
Pimenta dioica
375272
Almond
Type 1
specific
Prunus dulcis
3755
Alpine sweetvetch
Type 1
specific
Hedysarum alpinum
57576
Amaranth
Type 1
specific
Amaranthus
3564
American butterfish
Type 1
specific
Peprilus triacanthus
183653
American cranberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium macrocarpon
13750
American pokeweed
Type 1
specific
Phytolacca americana
3527
Anatidae
Type 1
specific
Anatidae
8830
Angelica
Type 1
specific
Angelica keiskei
357850
Anise
Type 1
specific
Pimpinella anisum
271192
Annual wild rice
Type 1
specific
Zizania aquatica
75727
Apple
Type 1
specific
Malus pumila
283210
Apricot
Type 1
specific
Prunus armeniaca
36596
Arabica coffee
Type 1
specific
Coffea arabica
13443
Arctic blackberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus arcticus
70741
Arrowhead
Type 1
specific
Sagittaria latifolia
15008
Arrowroot
Type 1
specific
Maranta arundinacea
210060
Asian pear
Type 1
specific
Pyrus pyrifolia
3767
Asparagus
Type 1
specific
Asparagus officinalis
4686
Atlantic herring
Type 1
specific
Clupea harengus harengus
7950
Avocado
Type 1
specific
Persea americana
3435
Babassu palm
Type 1
specific
Attalea speciosa
145700
Bagel
Type 2
specific
Bamboo shoots
Type 1
specific
Phyllostachys edulis
38705
Banana
Type 1
specific
Musa acuminata
4641
Barley
Type 1
specific
Hordeum vulgare
4513
Bayberry
Type 1
specific
Myrica
3509
Bean
Type 1
specific
Beech nut
Type 1
specific
Fagus
21024
Beefalo
Type 1
specific
Bos taurus X Bison bison
297284
Bilberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium myrtillus
180763
Biscuit
Type 2
specific
Bison
Type 1
specific
Bison bison
9901
Bitter gourd
Type 1
specific
Momordica charantia
3673
Black cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. viridis
3713
Black chokeberry
Type 1
specific
Photinia melanocarpa
661339
Black crowberry
Type 1
specific
Empetrum nigrum
191066
Black elderberry
Type 1
specific
Sambucus nigra
4202
Black huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Gaylussacia baccata
128893
Black mulberry
Type 1
specific
Morus nigra
85232
Black plum
Type 1
Syzygium cumini
Black radish
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus var. niger
41679
Black raisin
Type 1
Black raspberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus occidentalis
75079
Black salsify
Type 1
specific
Scorzonera hispanica
114289
Black tea
Type 1
Black walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans nigra
16719
Black-eyed pea
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata
3920
Blackberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus
Blackcurrant
Type 1
specific
Ribes nigrum
78511
Bog bilberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium uliginosum
190548
Borage
Type 1
specific
Borago officinalis
13363
Boysenberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus ursinus X idaeus
Brassicas
Unknown
generic
3705
Brazil nut
Type 1
specific
Bertholletia excelsa
3645
Breadfruit
Type 1
specific
Artocarpus altilis
194251
Breadnut tree seed
Type 1
specific
Brosimum alicastrum
194253
Breakfast cereal
Type 2
specific
Broad bean
Type 1
specific
Vicia faba
3906
Broccoli
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. italica
36774
Brussel sprouts
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
178616
Buffalo
Type 1
specific
Bubalus bubalis
89462
Buffalo currant
Type 1
specific
Ribes aureum var. villosum
23283
Bulgur
Type 2
specific
Burbot
Type 1
specific
Lota lota
69944
Burdock
Type 1
specific
Arctium lappa
4217
Butternut
Type 1
specific
Juglans cinerea
91214
Butternut squash
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita moschata
3662
Cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
3716
Calabash
Type 1
specific
Lagenaria siceraria
3668
Canada blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium myrtilloides
1503870
Cannellini bean
Type 1
Canola
Type 2
specific
138011
Cantaloupe melon
Type 1
Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis
Cape gooseberry
Type 1
Physalis peruviana
Capers
Type 1
specific
Capparis spinosa
65558
Caraway
Type 1
specific
Carum carvi
48032
Cardamom
Type 1
specific
Elettaria cardamomum
105181
Cardoon
Type 1
specific
Cynara cardunculus
4265
Carob
Type 1
specific
Ceratonia siliqua
20340
Carrot
Type 1
specific
Daucus carota ssp. sativus
79200
Cascade huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium deliciosum
190531
Cashew nut
Type 1
specific
Anacardium occidentale
171929
Cassava
Type 1
specific
Manihot esculenta
3983
Castanospermum australe
Type 1
Castanospermum australe
Catjang pea
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
3840
Cattle (Beef, Veal)
Type 1
specific
Bos taurus
9913
Cauliflower
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
3715
Celeriac
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens var. rapaceum
278110
Celery leaves
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens var. secalinum
941588
Celery stalks
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens var. dulce
117781
Cereals and cereal products
Unknown
generic
Ceylon cinnamon
Type 1
specific
Cinnamomum verum
128608
Chanterelle
Type 1
specific
Cantharellus cibarius
36066
Chayote
Type 1
specific
Sechium edule
184140
Cherimoya
Type 1
specific
Annona cherimola
49314
Cherry tomato
Type 1
specific
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme
195583
Chervil
Type 1
specific
Anthriscus cerefolium
40888
Chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea
21019
Chia
Type 1
specific
Salvia hispanica
49212
Chicken
Type 1
specific
Gallus gallus
9031
Chickpea
Type 1
specific
Cicer arietinum
3827
Chicory
Type 1
specific
Cichorium intybus
13427
Chicory leaves
Type 1
specific
Cichorium intybus var. foliosum
13427
Chicory roots
Type 1
specific
Cichorium intybus var. sativum
13427
Chinese bayberry
Type 1
specific
Myrica rubra
262757
Chinese broccoli
Type 1
specific
Brassica alboglabra
3714
Chinese cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa
3711
Chinese chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea mollissima
60419
Chinese chives
Type 1
specific
Allium tuberosum
4683
Chinese cinnamon
Type 1
specific
Cinnamomum aromaticum
119260
Chinese mustard
Type 1
specific
Brassica juncea
3707
Chinese plum
Type 1
Chinese water chestnut
Type 1
specific
Eleocharis dulcis
110284
Chives
Type 1
specific
Allium schoenoprasum
74900
Cinnamon
Type 1
specific
Cinnamomum
13428
Citrus
Unknown
generic
Clementine
Type 1
Citrus × clementina
Climbing bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna umbellata
87088
Cloud ear fungus
Type 1
specific
Auricularia polytricha
29893
Cloudberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus chamaemorus
57936
Cloves
Type 1
specific
Syzygium aromaticum
219868
Cocoa and cocoa products
Unknown
generic
Cocoa bean
Type 1
specific
Theobroma cacao
3641
Coconut
Type 1
specific
Cocos nucifera
13894
Colorado pinyon
Type 1
specific
Pinus edulis
3340
Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon)
Type 1
specific
Columbidae
8930
Common bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus vulgaris
3885
Common beet
Type 1
specific
Beta vulgaris
161934
Common buckwheat
Type 1
specific
Fagopyrum esculentum
3617
Common cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea
3712
Common chokecherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus virginiana
133204
Common grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis vinifera
29760
Common hazelnut
Type 1
specific
Corylus avellana
13451
Common mushroom
Type 1
specific
Agaricus bisporus
5341
Common oregano
Type 1
specific
Origanum vulgare
39352
Common pea
Type 1
specific
Pisum sativum
3888
Common persimmon
Type 1
specific
Diospyros virginiana
13493
Common sage
Type 1
specific
Salvia officinalis
38868
Common salsify
Type 1
specific
Tragopogon porrifolius
13731
Common thyme
Type 1
specific
Thymus vulgaris
49992
Common verbena
Type 1
specific
Verbena officinalis
79772
Common walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans regia
51240
Common wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum aestivum
4565
Conch
Type 1
specific
Strombidae
69694
Coriander
Type 1
specific
Coriandrum sativum
4047
Corn
Type 1
specific
Zea mays
4577
Corn salad
Type 1
specific
Valerianella locusta
59166
Cornbread
Type 2
specific
Cornmint
Type 1
specific
Mentha arvensis
292239
Cottonseed
Type 1
specific
Gossypium
3633
Cowpea
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata
3917
Crosne
Type 1
Stachys affinis
Cubanelle pepper
Type 1
Cucumber
Type 1
specific
Cucumis sativus
3659
Cucurbita
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita
3660
Cumin
Type 1
specific
Cuminum cyminum
52462
Cupuaçu
Type 1
specific
Theobroma grandiflorum
108881
Curry powder
Type 2
specific
Custard apple
Type 1
specific
Annona reticulata
301862
Daikon radish
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus
41679
Dandelion
Type 1
specific
Taraxacum officinale
50225
Date
Type 1
specific
Phoenix dactylifera
42345
Deer
Type 1
specific
Cervidae
9850
Deerberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium stamineum
176259
Devilfish
Type 1
specific
Myoxocephalus
8095
Dill
Type 1
specific
Anethum graveolens
40922
Dock
Type 1
specific
Rumex
3618
Domestic goat
Type 1
specific
Capra aegagrus hircus
9925
Domestic pig
Type 1
specific
Sus scrofa domestica
9825
Durian
Type 1
specific
Durio zibethinus
66656
Eddoe
Type 1
Colocasia antiquorum
Eggplant
Type 1
specific
Solanum melongena
4111
Elderberry
Type 1
specific
Sambucus
4201
Elk
Type 1
specific
Cervus canadensis
1574408
Elliott's blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium elliottii
283798
Emu
Type 1
specific
Dromaius novaehollandiae
8790
Endive
Type 1
specific
Cichorium endivia
114280
Enokitake
Type 1
specific
Flammulina velutipes
38945
Epazote
Type 1
specific
Dysphania ambrosioides
330163
European chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea sativa
21020
European cranberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium oxycoccos
516948
European plum
Type 1
specific
Prunus domestica
3758
European rabbit
Type 1
specific
Oryctolagus
9984
Evening primrose
Type 1
specific
Oenothera biennis
3942
Evergreen huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium ovatum
84019
Feijoa
Type 1
specific
Feijoa sellowiana
260130
Fennel
Type 1
specific
Foeniculum vulgare
48038
Fenugreek
Type 1
specific
Trigonella foenum-graecum
78534
Fig
Type 1
specific
Ficus carica
3494
Fireweed
Type 1
specific
Chamerion angustifolium
13055
Flaxseed
Type 1
specific
Linum usitatissimum
4006
Flour
Type 2
specific
Fox grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis labrusca
103355
French plantain
Type 1
specific
Musa X paradisiaca
89151
Fruits
Unknown
generic
Garden cress
Type 1
specific
Lepidium sativum
33125
Garden onion
Type 1
specific
Allium cepa
4679
Garden onion (var.)
Type 1
specific
Allium cepa var. cepa
4679
Garden rhubarb
Type 1
specific
Rheum rhabarbarum
3621
Garden tomato
Type 1
specific
Solanum lycopersicum
4081
Garden tomato (var.)
Type 1
specific
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
397755
Garland chrysanthemum
Type 1
specific
Chrysanthemum coronarium
99038
Garlic
Type 1
specific
Allium sativum
4682
Gentiana lutea
Type 1
Gentiana lutea
German camomile
Type 1
specific
Matricaria recutita
127986
Giant butterbur
Type 1
specific
Petasites japonicus
186965
Ginger
Type 1
specific
Zingiber officinale
94328
Ginkgo nuts
Type 1
specific
Ginkgo biloba
3311
Ginseng
Type 1
specific
Panax
4054
Globe artichoke
Type 1
specific
Cynara scolymus
59895
Goji
Type 1
Gooseberry
Type 1
specific
Ribes uva-crispa
135518
Gram bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna mungo
3915
Grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis
3603
Grapefruit
Type 1
specific
Citrus X paradisi
37656
Grapefruit/Pummelo hybrid
Type 1
specific
Citrus paradisi X Citrus maxima
37656
Grass pea
Type 1
specific
Lathyrus sativus
3860
Green apple
Type 1
Green bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus vulgaris
3885
Green bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Green cabbage
Type 1
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L.
Green grape
Type 1
Green lentil
Type 1
Lens culinaris
Green onion
Type 1
Green plum
Type 1
Green tea
Type 1
Green vegetables
Unknown
generic
Green zucchini
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica
Greenthread tea
Type 1
specific
Thelesperma
153159
Greylag goose
Type 1
specific
Anser anser
8843
Groundcherry
Type 1
specific
Physalis
24663
Guarana
Type 1
Paullinia cupana
Guava
Type 1
specific
Psidium guajava
120290
Guinea hen
Type 1
specific
Numida meleagris
8996
Half-highbush blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosum
934696
Hard wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum durum
4567
Hawthorn
Type 1
Crataegus
Hazelnut
Type 1
specific
Corylus
13450
Heart of palm
Type 1
specific
Hedge mustard
Type 1
specific
Sisymbrium
3729
Herbal tea
Type 1
Herbs and Spices
Unknown
generic
Hibiscus tea
Type 1
specific
Hibiscus sabbariffa
183260
Hickory nut
Type 1
specific
Carya
13402
Highbush blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium corymbosum
69266
Horned melon
Type 2
specific
Cucumis metuliferus
61886
Horse
Type 1
specific
Equus caballus
9796
Horseradish
Type 1
specific
Armoracia rusticana
3704
Horseradish tree
Type 1
specific
Moringa oleifera
3735
Hyacinth bean
Type 1
specific
Lablab purpureus
35936
Hyssop
Type 1
specific
Hyssopus officinalis
39324
Iceberg lettuce
Type 1
Irish moss
Type 1
specific
Chondrus crispus
2769
Italian oregano
Type 1
specific
Origanum X majoricum
1384207
Italian sweet red pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Jackfruit
Type 1
specific
Artocarpus heterophyllus
3489
Jalapeno pepper
Type 1
Capsicum annuum 'Jalapeño'
Japanese chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea crenata
103480
Japanese persimmon
Type 1
specific
Diospyros kaki
35925
Japanese pumpkin
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita maxima
3661
Japanese walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans ailanthifolia
91209
Java plum
Type 1
specific
Syzygium cumini
260142
Jerusalem artichoke
Type 1
specific
Helianthus tuberosus
4233
Jew's ear
Type 1
specific
Auricularia auricula-judae
29892
Jicama
Type 1
specific
Pachyrhizus erosus
109171
Jostaberry
Type 1
specific
Ribes × nidigrolaria
Jujube
Type 1
specific
Ziziphus zizyphus
48393
Juniperus communis
Type 1
Juniperus communis
Jute
Type 1
specific
Corchorus olitorius
93759
Kai-lan
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
3714
Kale
Type 1
specific
Brassica napus var. pabularia
Kelp
Type 1
specific
Laminaria
33637
Kiwi
Type 1
specific
Actinidia chinensis
3625
Kohlrabi
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes
109379
Komatsuna
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. perviridis
344680
Kombu
Type 1
specific
Saccharina japonica
88149
Kumquat
Type 1
specific
Fortunella
2706
Lambsquarters
Type 1
specific
Chenopodium album
3559
Lantern fruit
Type 1
Physalis alkekengi
Leek
Type 1
specific
Allium porrum
Lemon
Type 1
specific
Citrus limon
2708
Lemon balm
Type 1
specific
Melissa officinalis
39338
Lemon grass
Type 1
specific
Cymbopogon citratus
66014
Lemon thyme
Type 1
specific
Thymus pulegioides
751873
Lemon verbena
Type 1
specific
Aloysia triphylla
542672
Lentils
Type 1
generic
Lens culinaris
3864
Lettuce
Type 1
specific
Lactuca sativa
4236
Lichee
Type 1
specific
Litchi chinensis
151069
Lima bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus lunatus
3884
Lime
Type 1
specific
Citrus aurantiifolia
159033
Linden
Type 1
specific
Tilia
64580
Lingonberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
180772
Loganberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus loganobaccus
Longan
Type 1
specific
Dimocarpus longan
128017
Loquat
Type 1
specific
Eriobotrya japonica
32224
Lotus
Type 1
specific
Nelumbo
4430
Lovage
Type 1
specific
Levisticum officinale
48042
Lowbush blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium angustifolium
472369
Lupine
Type 1
specific
Lupinus
3869
Macadamia nut
Type 1
specific
Macadamia
4329
Macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla)
Type 1
specific
Macadamia tetraphylla
512563
Maitake
Type 1
specific
Grifola frondosa
5627
Malabar plum
Type 1
specific
Syzygium jambos
334483
Malabar spinach
Type 1
specific
Basella alba
3589
Mallard duck
Type 1
specific
Anas platyrhynchos
8839
Malus (Crab apple)
Type 1
specific
Malus
3749
Mamey sapote
Type 1
specific
Pouteria sapota
233744
Mammee apple
Type 1
specific
Mammea americana
198777
Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine)
Type 1
specific
Citrus reticulata
85571
Mango
Type 1
specific
Mangifera indica
29780
Mate
Type 1
Ilex paraguariensis
Medlar
Type 1
specific
Mespilus germanica
36616
Mentha
Type 1
specific
Mentha
21819
Mexican groundcherry
Type 1
specific
Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata
374021
Mexican oregano
Type 1
specific
Lippia graveolens
Mikan
Type 1
Citrus unshiu
Milk and milk products
Unknown
generic
Millet
Type 1
specific
Panicum miliaceum
4540
Miso
Type 2
specific
Mixed nuts
Type 2
specific
Monk fruit
Type 1
Siraitia grosvenorii
Morchella (Morel)
Type 1
specific
Morchellaceae
5192
Moth bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna aconitifolia
3918
Mountain hare
Type 1
specific
Lepus timidus
62621
Mountain yam
Type 1
specific
Dioscorea pentaphylla
167592
Mugwort
Type 1
specific
Artemisia vulgaris
4220
Mulberry
Type 1
specific
Morus
3497
Mule deer
Type 1
specific
Odocoileus
9871
Mundu
Type 1
Garcinia dulcis
Mung bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna radiata
157791
Muscadine grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis rotundifolia
103349
Muskmelon
Type 1
specific
Cucumis melo
3656
Mustard spinach
Type 1
specific
Brassica perviridis
Nance
Type 1
specific
Byrsonima crassifolia
4270
Nanking cherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus tomentosa
105667
Napa cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. pekinensis
51351
Naranjilla
Type 1
specific
Solanum quitoense
227725
Narrowleaf cattail
Type 1
specific
Typha angustifolia
59011
Natal plum
Type 1
specific
Carissa macrocarpa
403101
Nectarine
Type 1
specific
Prunus persica var. nucipersica
323851
New Zealand spinach
Type 1
specific
Tetragonia tetragonioides
45318
Nopal
Type 1
specific
Opuntia cochenillifera
338184
Nutmeg
Type 1
specific
Myristica fragrans
51089
Nuts
Unknown
generic
Oat
Type 1
specific
Avena sativa
4498
Oat bread
Type 2
specific
Ohelo berry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium reticulatum
180767
Oil palm
Type 1
specific
Elaeis
51952
Oil-seed Camellia
Type 1
specific
Camellia oleifera
385388
Okra
Type 1
specific
Abelmoschus esculentus
455045
Olive
Type 1
specific
Olea europaea
4146
Onion-family vegetables
Unknown
generic
Opium poppy
Type 1
specific
Papaver somniferum
3469
Orange bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Orange mint
Type 1
specific
Mentha aquatica
190902
Oregon yampah
Type 1
specific
Perideridia oregana
234866
Oriental wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum turanicum
376534
Ostrich
Type 1
specific
Struthio camelus
8801
Ostrich fern
Type 1
specific
Matteuccia struthiopteris
3277
Other bread
Type 2
specific
Other cereal product
Type 2
specific
Other soy product
Type 2
specific
Oval-leaf huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium ovalifolium
190544
Oxheart cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. conica
Oyster mushroom
Type 1
specific
Pleurotus ostreatus
5322
Pak choy
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. chinensis
93385
Papaya
Type 1
specific
Carica papaya
3649
Parsley
Type 1
specific
Petroselinum crispum
4043
Parsnip
Type 1
specific
Pastinaca sativa
4041
Partridge berry
Type 1
Mitchella repens
Passion fruit
Type 1
specific
Passiflora edulis
78168
Pasta
Type 2
specific
Pea shoots
Type 1
Peach
Type 1
specific
Prunus persica
3760
Peach (var.)
Type 1
specific
Prunus persica var. persica
323852
Peanut
Type 1
specific
Arachis hypogaea
3818
Pear
Type 1
specific
Pyrus communis
23211
Pecan nut
Type 1
specific
Carya illinoinensis
32201
Pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Pepper (C. baccatum)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum
165788
Pepper (C. chinense)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum chinense
80379
Pepper (C. frutescens)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum var. annuum
40321
Pepper (C. pubescens)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum pubescens
113210
Pepper (Capsicum)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum
4071
Pepper (Spice)
Type 1
specific
Piper nigrum
13216
Peppermint
Type 1
specific
Mentha X piperita
34256
Persian lime
Type 1
specific
Citrus latifolia
200541
Persimmon
Type 1
specific
Diospyros
13492
Pheasant
Type 1
specific
Phasianus colchicus
9054
Pigeon pea
Type 1
specific
Cajanus cajan
3821
Piki bread
Type 2
specific
Pili nut
Type 1
specific
Canarium ovatum
43691
Pine nut
Type 1
specific
Pinus
3337
Pineapple
Type 1
specific
Ananas comosus
4615
Pineappple sage
Type 1
specific
Salvia elegans
888065
Pistachio
Type 1
specific
Pistacia vera
55513
Pita bread
Type 2
specific
Pitanga
Type 1
specific
Eugenia uniflora
119951
Pitaya
Type 1
Hylocereus undatus
Plains prickly pear
Type 1
specific
Opuntia macrorhiza
1041245
Plantain
Type 1
Musa × paradisiaca
Pomegranate
Type 1
specific
Punica granatum
22663
Pomes
Unknown
generic
Poppy
Type 1
specific
Papaver
3468
Pot marjoram
Type 1
specific
Origanum onites
452416
Potato
Type 1
specific
Solanum tuberosum
4113
Potato bread
Type 2
specific
Prairie turnip
Type 1
specific
Pediomelum esculentum
458363
Prickly pear
Type 1
specific
Opuntia
106975
Prunus (Cherry, Plum)
Type 1
specific
Prunus
3754
Pulses
Unknown
generic
Pummelo
Type 1
specific
Citrus maxima
37334
Purple laver
Type 1
specific
Porphyra laciniata
Purple mangosteen
Type 1
specific
Garcinia mangostana
58228
Purslane
Type 1
specific
Portulaca oleracea
46147
Quail
Type 1
specific
Phasianidae
9005
Quince
Type 1
specific
Cydonia oblonga
36610
Quinoa
Type 1
specific
Chenopodium quinoa
63459
Rabbit
Type 1
specific
Leporidae
9979
Rabbiteye blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium virgatum
Radish
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus
3726
Radish (var.)
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus var. sativus
240228
Raisin bread
Type 2
specific
Rambutan
Type 1
specific
Nephelium lappaceum
151071
Rape
Type 1
specific
Brassica napus var. napus
138011
Rapini
Type 1
specific
Brassica ruvo
1204434
Red algae
Type 1
specific
Rhodophyta
2763
Red beetroot
Type 1
specific
Beta vulgaris var. rubra
Red bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Red clover
Type 1
Trifolium pratense
Red grape
Type 1
Red huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium parvifolium
180766
Red onion
Type 1
Red raspberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus idaeus
32247
Red rice
Type 1
specific
Oryza rufipogon
4529
Red tea
Type 1
Redcurrant
Type 1
specific
Ribes rubrum
175228
Rice
Type 1
specific
Oryza sativa
4530
Rice bread
Type 2
specific
Robusta coffee
Type 1
specific
Coffea canephora
49390
Rock ptarmigan
Type 1
specific
Lagopus muta
64668
Rocket salad
Type 1
specific
Eruca vesicaria
180536
Rocket salad (ssp.)
Type 1
specific
Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa
29727
Romaine lettuce
Type 1
specific
Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia
Roman camomile
Type 1
specific
Chamaemelum nobile
99037
Root vegetables
Unknown
generic
Rose hip
Type 1
specific
Rosa
3764
Roselle
Type 1
specific
Hibiscus sabdariffa
183260
Rosemary
Type 1
specific
Rosmarinus officinalis
39367
Rowal
Type 1
specific
Pangium edule
112823
Rowanberry
Type 1
specific
Sorbus aucuparia
36599
Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry)
Type 1
specific
Rubus
23216
Rye
Type 1
specific
Secale cereale
4550
Rye bread
Type 2
specific
Sacred lotus
Type 1
specific
Nelumbo nucifera
4432
Safflower
Type 1
specific
Carthamus tinctorius
4222
Saffron
Type 1
specific
Crocus sativus
82528
Sago palm
Type 1
specific
Metroxylon sagu
93297
Salmonberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus spectabilis
59499
Sapodilla
Type 1
specific
Manilkara zapota
3741
Saskatoon berry
Type 1
specific
Amelanchier alnifolia
32219
Savoy cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda
1216010
Scarlet bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus coccineus
3886
Sea-buckthornberry
Type 1
specific
Hippophae rhamnoides
193516
Semolina
Type 2
specific
Sesame
Type 1
specific
Sesamum orientale
4182
Sesbania flower
Type 1
specific
Sesbania bispinosa
485725
Shallot
Type 1
specific
Allium ascalonicum
1476995
Shea tree
Type 1
specific
Vitellaria paradoxa
292385
Sheep (Mutton, Lamb)
Type 1
specific
Ovis aries
9940
Shiitake
Type 1
specific
Lentinus edodes
5353
Silver linden
Type 1
specific
Tilia argentea
Skunk currant
Type 1
specific
Ribes glandulosum
175226
Small-leaf linden
Type 1
specific
Tilia cordata
172266
Soft-necked garlic
Type 1
specific
Allium sativum L. var. sativum
4682
Sorghum
Type 1
specific
Sorghum bicolor
4558
Sorrel
Type 1
specific
Rumex acetosa
41241
Sour cherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus cerasus
140311
Sour orange
Type 1
Citrus × aurantium
Sourdock
Type 1
specific
Rumex articus
395311
Sourdough
Type 2
specific
Soursop
Type 1
specific
Annona muricata
13337
Soy bean
Type 1
specific
Glycine max
3847
Soy cream
Type 2
specific
Soy milk
Type 2
specific
Soy sauce
Type 2
specific
Sparkleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium arboreum
229201
Spearmint
Type 1
specific
Mentha spicata
29719
Spelt
Type 1
specific
Triticum spelta
58933
Spinach
Type 1
specific
Spinacia oleracea
3562
Spirulina
Type 1
specific
Spirulina
551299
Squab
Type 1
specific
Columba
8931
Squashberry
Type 1
specific
Viburnum edule
237934
Star anise
Type 1
specific
Illicium verum
124778
Star fruit
Type 1
specific
Averrhoa carambola
28974
Strawberry
Type 1
specific
Fragaria X ananassa
3747
Strawberry guava
Type 1
specific
Psidium cattleianum
375274
Sugar apple
Type 1
specific
Annona squamosa
301693
Summer grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis aestivalis
3605
Summer savory
Type 1
specific
Satureja hortensis
49987
Sunburst squash (pattypan squash)
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata
Sunflower
Type 1
specific
Helianthus annuus
4232
Swamp cabbage
Type 1
specific
Ipomoea aquatica
89636
Swede
Type 1
specific
Brassica napus
3708
Sweet basil
Type 1
specific
Ocimum basilicum
39350
Sweet bay
Type 1
specific
Laurus nobilis
85223
Sweet cherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus avium
42229
Sweet marjoram
Type 1
specific
Origanum majorana
268884
Sweet orange
Type 1
specific
Citrus sinensis
2711
Sweet potato
Type 1
specific
Ipomoea batatas
4120
Sweet rowanberry
Type 1
specific
Grataegosorbus mitschurinii
Swiss chard
Type 1
specific
Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla
1527200
Taco shell
Type 2
Tamarind
Type 1
specific
Tamarindus indica
58860
Taro
Type 1
specific
Colocasia esculenta
4460
Tarragon
Type 1
specific
Artemisia dracunculus
72341
Tartary buckwheat
Type 1
specific
Fagopyrum tataricum
62330
Tea
Type 1
specific
Camellia sinensis
4442
Tea leaf willow
Type 1
specific
Salix pulchra
669814
Teff
Type 1
specific
Eragrostis tef
110835
Thistle
Type 1
specific
Cirsium
41549
Tinda
Type 1
specific
Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus
Tofu
Type 2
specific
Tortilla
Type 2
specific
Tostada shell
Type 2
Towel gourd
Type 1
specific
Luffa aegyptiaca
3670
Tree fern
Type 1
specific
Cyathea
Triticale
Type 1
specific
X Triticosecale rimpaui
Tronchuda cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. costata
416546
Turkey
Type 1
specific
Meleagris gallopavo
9103
Turmeric
Type 1
specific
Curcuma longa
136217
Turnip
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. rapa
51350
Ucuhuba
Type 1
specific
Virola surinamensis
224910
Vaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry)
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium
13749
Vanilla
Type 1
specific
Vanilla
51238
Velvet duck
Type 1
specific
Melanitta fusca
371864
Wakame
Type 1
specific
Undaria pinnatifida
74381
Walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans
16718
Wampee
Type 1
Clausena lansium
Wasabi
Type 1
specific
Wasabia japonica
75806
Water spinach
Type 1
Ipomoea aquatica
Watercress
Type 1
specific
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
135518
Watermelon
Type 1
specific
Citrullus lanatus
3654
Wax apple
Type 1
specific
Eugenia javanica
119950
Wax gourd
Type 1
specific
Benincasa hispida
102211
Welsh onion
Type 1
specific
Allium fistulosum
35875
Wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum
4564
Wheat bread
Type 2
specific
White bread
Type 1
White cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.
White lupine
Type 1
specific
Lupinus albus
3870
White mulberry
Type 1
Morus alba
White mustard
Type 1
specific
Sinapis alba
3728
Wild boar
Type 1
specific
Sus scrofa
9823
Wild carrot
Type 1
specific
Daucus carota
4039
Wild celery
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens
4045
Wild leek
Type 1
specific
Allium ampeloprasum
4681
Wild rice
Type 1
specific
Zizania
15949
Winged bean
Type 1
specific
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
3891
Winter savory
Type 1
specific
Satureja montana
49988
Winter squash
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita maxima
3661
Wonton wrapper
Type 2
specific
Yali pear
Type 1
specific
Pyrus × bretschneideri
Yam
Type 1
specific
Dioscorea
4672
Yardlong bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
138955
Yau choy
Type 1
Yautia
Type 1
specific
Xanthosoma sagittifolium
28478
Yellow bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Yellow pond-lily
Type 1
specific
Nuphar lutea
77113
Yellow wax bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus vulgaris
3885
Yellow zucchini
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica
Zwieback
Type 2
specific
fruity
2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial
P21953
BCKDHB
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
P54687
BCAT1
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial
O15382
BCAT2
Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
P10515
DLAT
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial
P08559
PDHA1
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial
P29803
PDHA2
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial
P11177
PDHB