Showing Compound L-Glutamic acid (FDB012535)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation date

2010-04-08 22:10:13 UTC

Update date

2024-11-29 22:27:57 UTC

Primary ID

FDB012535

Secondary Accession Numbers

FDB030962

Chemical Information

FooDB Name

L-Glutamic acid

Description

L-glutamic acid (abbreviated Glu or E), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is a non-essential amino acid, one of the 20 amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. L-glutamic acid exists in all living species, from bacteria to humans. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is a component amino acid in many protein rich foods including the gluten protein in flour and is found as a free acid in cheeses and soya sauce. It is used as a flavor enhancer as a sodium salt known as monosodium glutamate. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the N-methyl-d-aspartate acid (NMDA) receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, glutamate can accumulate outside cells, causing glutamate excitotoxicity. Excitotoxicity occurs when neurons are exposed to high levels of glutamate or other neurotransmitters, causing persistent activation of the and Œ±-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels. This results in a lethal influx of extracellular calcium leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death. Cell death arises from damage to mitochondria by the excessively high intracellular calcium, which open mitochondrial pores, causing mitochondria to swell. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may also be released by mitochondria into the intracellular space. Excess glutamate and calcium trigger apoptosis by further activating transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulating transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Glutamate excitotoxicity causes other health consequences. In ischemic stroke and brain trauma, the severely reduced blood supply leads to flooding of glutamate and aspartate into the extra-neuronal space ( PMID: 16314180). Glutamate excitotoxicity is associated with diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease (PMID: 20229265) and in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart which is like a paroxysmal depolarizing shift seen in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. Moreover, glutamic acid is associated with N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

CAS Number

56-86-0

Structure

MOL SDF 3D-SDF PDB SMILES InChI View 3D Structure

Synonyms

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Synonym	Source
(+)-Estrone	HMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoate	HMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid	HMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid	HMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-Β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoate	HMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-Β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid	HMDB
(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid	HMDB
(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioate	HMDB
(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid	HMDB
(3R,4S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-Carboxy-2,2-difluoro-1-(phosphonooxy)ethoxy]-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate	HMDB

Showing 1 to 10 of 188 entries

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	80.6 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3.5	ALOGPS
logP	-3.2	ChemAxon
logS	-0.26	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	1.88	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.54	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	5	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	3	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	100.62 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	4	ChemAxon
Refractivity	31.29 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	13.32 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Chemical Formula

C5H9NO4

IUPAC name

(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1

InChI Key

WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N

Isomeric SMILES

N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O

Average Molecular Weight

147.1293

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

147.053157781

Classification

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. Glutamic acid and derivatives are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Glutamic acid and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Glutamic acid or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acid
Amino fatty acid
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxide
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Organopnictogen compound
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:16015 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:16015 )
glutamic acid (CHEBI:16015 )
glutamine family amino acid (CHEBI:16015 )
Common amino acids (C00025 )
Amino acids (C00025 )

Ontology

Heart failure

Cancer:

Leukemia

Disposition

Route of exposure:

Enteral:

Ingestion

Source:

Biological:

Animal

Neurotransmitter

Industrial application:

Food and nutrition:

Nutritional supplement

Pharmaceutical industry:

Pharmaceutical

Physico-Chemical Properties

Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental

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Property	Value	Reference
Boiling Point	Not Available
Charge	Not Available
Density	Not Available
Experimental logP	-3.69	HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental pKa	pKa3 9.6 (25°,NH2)	DFC
Experimental Water Solubility	8.57 mg/mL at 25 oC	BULL,HB et al. (1978)
Isoelectric point	Not Available
Mass Composition	C 40.82%; H 6.17%; N 9.52%; O 43.50%	DFC
Melting Point	Mp 224-225 (211-213°, 247-249°)° dec.	DFC
Optical Rotation	[a]25D +46.8 (c, 2 in 5M HCl)	DFC

Showing 1 to 10 of 14 entries

Spectra

EI-MS/GC-MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-2950000000-2d6edc93ec5f8dee2223	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-002b-0940000000-4e285988bc537825d94d	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00dj-9630000000-1ecc76aab86283892139	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, 2 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-8910000000-00f65ced0c55aa4ad169	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0032-3980000000-3069de5b6c49e4176968	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0790000000-79d3e289c22cb183faa1	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-2950000000-2d6edc93ec5f8dee2223	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-002b-0940000000-4e285988bc537825d94d	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00ea-6932100000-30d3f5dcc198a5971e96	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00dj-9630000000-1ecc76aab86283892139	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-8910000000-00f65ced0c55aa4ad169	Spectrum
GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0032-3980000000-3069de5b6c49e4176968	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0znc-9300000000-f88e86b78a4cee99a2d4	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, 2 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00di-8290000000-f99e03763f636e557887	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, TMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, TMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, TMS_2_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, TMS_2_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, TMS_2_4, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_2_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum

MS/MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-003r-6900000000-95b0a084dc076f9c7b91	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-001i-9000000000-c37d4c80a14ec029ef63	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0a59-9000000000-6f1888aa71bcb0adf76c	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-004j-0900000000-5fa8a338dcd2f2a6bdd2	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-004i-0900000000-16763200aa07f7629ad4	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-03di-3900000000-d9cfc5187aa799f6f978	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-10ee9a593e13550bec1c	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0002-0900000000-4d045a3c1fc6e56f801b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-c3c7f8f3754109a0c25b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-004i-0900000000-48bfae26c69408b7f0ae	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0002-0900000000-82c2a681e7522a7bb1d1	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0002-0905010000-af1c9ec4d0062fa6960e	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-01q9-9700000000-2b967b896a6e48914512	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-1434321646181ea894a0	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-00di-0900000000-11fadb2530828eedad8a	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-006t-0941100000-07d051890cb1d9e5c856	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-004i-9200000000-f8619d11f1f54d836bb1	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-004i-0900000000-ea2dd00e79ef06e8dc04	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-00di-0900000000-3e239d4014c95a2ef873	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-0002-0900000000-b548959edce39d319cf4	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0900000000-40d901f655797db2cd0f	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-0udi-1900000000-f997527a39900ac431c7	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-0udi-7900000000-60816f0601a4e6d25ffb	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0007-9000000000-6ee821f657c604d1afca	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-000t-0900000000-7c02624abe56da9247a2	2012-08-31	View Spectrum

NMR

Type	Description	View
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum

External Links

ChemSpider ID

ChEMBL ID

KEGG Compound ID

Pubchem Compound ID

Pubchem Substance ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

16015

Phenol-Explorer ID

Not Available

DrugBank ID

DB00142

HMDB ID

HMDB00148

CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID

HHT64-G:HHT63-F

EAFUS ID

1507

Dr. Duke ID

GLUTAMINIC-ACID|L-GLUTAMIC-ACID|GLUTAMIC-ACID|GLUTAMIC-ACID(FREE)

BIGG ID

33561

KNApSAcK ID

C00001358

HET ID

GGL

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

Not Available

Flavornet ID

Not Available

GoodScent ID

rw1025121

SuperScent ID

Not Available

Wikipedia ID

Glutamic_acid

Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID

Not Available

Duplicate IDS

Not Available

Old DFC IDS

Not Available

Associated Foods

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Food	Content Range	Average	Reference

Processing...

Biological Effects and Interactions

Health Effects / Bioactivities

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Descriptor	ID	Definition	Reference
anti alkali			DUKE
anti epileptic	52217	Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.	DUKE
anti hyperammonemic			DUKE
anti lithic			DUKE
anti prostatitic			DUKE
anti retardation			DUKE
anxiolytic	35474	Anxiolytic drugs are agents that alleviate anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions.	DUKE
neurotoxic	50910	A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.	DUKE
neurotransmitter	25512	An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell.	CHEBI

Showing 1 to 9 of 9 entries

Enzymes

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Name	Gene Name	UniProt ID
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	ABAT	P80404
5-oxoprolinase	OPLAH	O14841
Alanine aminotransferase 1	GPT	P24298
Alanine aminotransferase 2	GPT2	Q8TD30
Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial	AGXT2	Q9BYV1
Aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase	AASS	A4D0W4
Arginine decarboxylase	ADC	Q96A70
Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]	ASNS	P08243
Aspartate aminotransferase	GIG18	Q2TU84
Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic	GOT1	P17174

Showing 1 to 10 of 52 entries

Pathways

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Name	SMPDB Link	KEGG Link
Alanine Metabolism	SMP00055	map00250
Amino Sugar Metabolism	SMP00045	map00520
Ammonia Recycling	SMP00009	map00910
Arginine and Proline Metabolism	SMP00020	map00330
Cysteine Metabolism	SMP00013	map00270
Folate Metabolism	SMP00053	map00670
Glucose-Alanine Cycle	SMP00127	Not Available
Glutamate Metabolism	SMP00072	map00250
Glutathione Metabolism	SMP00015	map00480
Glycine and Serine Metabolism	SMP00004	map00260

Showing 1 to 10 of 21 entries

Metabolism

Not Available

Biosynthesis

Not Available

Organoleptic Properties

Flavours

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Flavor	Citations
baked	The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
bread	The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
mild	The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
yeast	The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.