1.02010-04-08 22:10:43 UTC2019-11-26 03:08:25 UTCFDB013444NickelCatalyst for the hydrogenation of food fats and oils
Exposure to nickel metal and soluble compounds should not exceed 0.05 mg/cm³ in nickel equivalents per 40-hour work week. Nickel sulfide fume and dust is believed to be carcinogenic, and various other nickel compounds may be as well. Nickel carbonyl, [Ni(CO)4], is an extremely toxic gas. The toxicity of metal carbonyls is a function of both the toxicity of a metal as well as the carbonyl's ability to give off highly toxic carbon monoxide gas, and this one is no exception. It is explosive in air.; Four halides are known to form nickel compounds, these are nickel(II) fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide. Nickel(II) chloride is produced analogously by dissolving nickel residues in hydrochloric acid. Tetracarbonylnickel (Ni(CO)4), discovered by Ludwig Mond, is a homoleptic complex of nickel with carbon monoxide. Having no net dipole moment, intermolecular forces are relatively weak, allowing this compound to be liquid at room temperature. Carbon monoxide reacts with nickel metal readily to give this compound; on heating, the complex decomposes back to nickel and carbon monoxide. This behavior is exploited in the Mond process for generating high-purity nickel.; Nickel (pronounced /?n?k?l/) is a chemical element, with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. It is one of the four ferromagnetic elements at about room temperature, other three being iron, cobalt and gadolinium. Its use has been traced as far back as 3500 BC, but it was first isolated and classified as a chemical element in 1751 by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who initially mistook its ore for a copper mineral. Its most important ore minerals are laterites, including limonite and garnierite, and pentlandite. Major production sites include Sudbury region in Canada, New Caledonia and Russia. The metal is corrosion-resistant, finding many uses in alloys, as a plating, in the manufacture of coins, magnets and common household utensils, as a catalyst for hydrogenation, and in a variety of other applications. Enzymes of certain life-forms contain nickel as an active center making the metal essential for them.; Nickel is a silvery-white metal with a slight golden tinge that takes a high polish. It is one of only four elements that are magnetic at or near room temperature. It belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. It occurs most often in combination with sulfur and iron in pentlandite, with sulfur in millerite, with arsenic in the mineral nickeline, and with arsenic and sulfur in nickel galena. Nickel is commonly found in iron meteorites as the alloys kamacite and taenite. Similar to the elements chromium, aluminium and titanium, nickel is a very reactive element, but is slow to react in air at normal temperatures and pressures due to the formation of a protective oxide surface. Due to its permanence in air and its slow rate of oxidation, it is used in coins, for plating metals such as iron and brass, for chemical apparatus, and in certain alloys such as German silver.; Nickel is a solid, silver-white, hard, malleable transition metal with an atomic number of 28. It resists corrosion even at high temperatures. It is present in many alloys in widespread use, including stainless steels. It may also be present as an impurity in any alloy. Nickel is used in the production of coins, jewellery, and nickel-cadmium batteries, and as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of liquid oils to solid fats such as oleomargarine and vegetable shortening. Nickel-containing dental alloys continue to be used successfully in the provision of various forms of dental care. Many of these alloys have applications in the construction of restorations designed to remain in clinical service for many years, including crowns, fixed bridgework, and removable partial dentures. Furthermore, nickel containing alloys find extensive application in orthodontics, including metallic brackets, arch wires, bands, springs and ligature wires. Many instruments and devises, for example, endodontic instruments also contain nickel.; Allergic responses are mediated through the immune system. In a sensitized individual, allergic responses can be initiated by relatively small amounts of the allergen; Nickel plays numerous roles in the biology of microorganisms and plants, though they were not recognized until the 1970s. In fact urease (an enzyme which assists in the hydrolysis of urea) contains nickel. The NiFe-hydrogenases contain nickel in addition to iron-sulfur clusters. Such [NiFe]-hydrogenases characteristically oxidise H2. A nickel-tetrapyrrole coenzyme, F430, is present in the methyl coenzyme M reductase which powers methanogenic archaea. One of the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase enzymes consists of an Fe-Ni-S cluster. Other nickel-containing enzymes include a class of superoxide dismutase and a glyoxalase.; Nickel-56 is produced in large quantities in type Ia supernovae and the shape of the light curve of these supernovae corresponds to the decay via beta radiation of nickel-56 to cobalt-56 and then to iron-56. Nickel-59 is a long-lived cosmogenic radionuclide with a half-life of 76,000 years. 59Ni has found many applications in isotope geology. 59Ni has been used to date the terrestrial age of meteorites and to determine abundances of extraterrestrial dust in ice and sediment. Nickel-60 is the daughter product of the extinct radionuclide 60Fe (half-life = 1.5 Myr). Because the extinct radionuclide 60Fe had such a long half-life, its persistence in materials in the solar system at high enough concentrations may have generated observable variations in the isotopic composition of 60Ni. Therefore, the abundance of 60Ni present in extraterrestrial material may provide insight into the origin of the solar system and its early history. Nickel-62 has the highest binding energy per nucleon of any isotope for any element (8.7946 Mev/nucleon). Isotopes heavier than 62Ni cannot be formed by nuclear fusion without losing energy. Nickel-48, discovered in 1999, is the most proton-rich heavy element isotope known. With 28 protons and 20 neutrons 48Ni is "double magic" (like 208Pb) and therefore unusually stable.; Sensitized individuals may show an allergy to nickel affecting their skin, also known as dermatitis. Sensitivity to nickel may also be present in patients with pompholyx. Nickel is an important cause of contact allergy, partly due to its use in jewellery intended for pierced ears. Nickel allergies affecting pierced ears are often marked by itchy, red skin. Many earrings are now made nickel-free due to this problem. The amount of nickel which is allowed in products which come into contact with human skin is regulated by the European Union. In 2002 researchers found amounts of nickel being emitted by 1 and 2 Euro coins far in excess of those standards. This is believed to be due to a galvanic reaction.; Tetracoordinate nickel(II) takes both tetrahedral and square planar geometries. This is in contrast with the other group 10 elements, which tend to exist as square planar complexes. Bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) is a useful intermediate in organometallic chemistry due to the easily displaced cod ligands. Nickel(III) oxide is used as the cathode in many rechargeable batteries, including nickel-cadmium, nickel-iron, nickel hydrogen, and nickel-metal hydride, and used by certain manufacturers in Li-ion batteries.; The most common oxidation state of nickel is +2 with several Ni complexes known. It is also thought that a +6 oxidation state may exist, however, this has not been demonstrated conclusively. The unit cell of nickel is a face centered cube with a lattice parameter of 0.352 nm giving a radius of the atom of 0.125 nm.; for example, if nickel ions are released from a nickel plated material following direct and prolonged contact with the skin. Individuals are first sensitized to the allergen. Subsequent exposures, if sufficiently high, may then result in an allergic reaction. A number of allergens are used in the clinical practice of dentistry, notably eugenol, mercury, nickel, chromium, cobalt, components of resin-based materials and a host of other chemical agents. The majority of dental allergies, including allergic responses to nickel-containing dental alloys, comprise Type IV hypersensitivity reactions, cell-mediated by T-lymphocytes. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body.(PMID: 17243350, 16405986)16-08 NickelAlcan 756Carbonyl nickel powderDextrin, nickel complexFibrexFibrex pMalleable nickelMetallic nickelNINI 0901-S (harshaw)Ni(+)Ni(2+)Ni+Ni2+Niccolum carbonicumNiccolum Liquid (S#1155)-LiqNiccolum metallicumNiccolum sulfuricumNichelNICKEL (II) ionNickel [nickel and certain nickel compounds]Nickel [nickel and nickel compounds]Nickel 200Nickel 201Nickel 204Nickel 205Nickel 207Nickel 211Nickel 212Nickel 213Nickel 222Nickel 223Nickel 229Nickel 270Nickel catalystNickel cationNickel compoundsNickel liquidNickel metal and insoluble compoundsNickel particlesNickel spongeNickel, dextrin complexesNickel, elementalNickel, elemental/metalNickel, ion (Ni1+)Nickel, ion (ni2+)Nickel, metalNickel, metal and insoluble compoundsNickel, metal, soluble, insoluble, and inorganicNICKEL, POWDER, 99.9%, 100 MESHNickel, soluble compoundsNickel, soluble saltsNICKEL, SPONGE, 99.999%nickel(1+)nickel(1+) ionNickel(I) cationNickelous ionNiquelRaney alloyRaney nickelNi58.693457.935347922nickelnickel7440-02-0[Ni]InChI=1S/NiPXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom.Homogeneous transition metal compoundsInorganic compoundsHomogeneous metal compoundsHomogeneous transition metal compoundsInorganic nickel compoundsHomogeneous transition metalInorganic nickel compoundnickel group element atomSolidmelting_pointMp 1455°logp0.16iupacnickelaverage_mass58.6934mono_mass57.935347922smiles[Ni]formulaNiinchiInChI=1S/NiinchikeyPXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-Npolar_surface_area0refractivity0polarizability1.78rotatable_bond_count0acceptor_count0donor_count0physiological_charge0formal_charge0Specdb::MsMs70503Specdb::MsMs70504Specdb::MsMs70505Specdb::MsMs129018Specdb::MsMs129019Specdb::MsMs129020HMDB0245728112NI#<Reference:0x0000555675e01980>#<Reference:0x0000555675e017c8>#<Reference:0x0000555675e01610>#<Reference:0x0000555675e01458>#<Reference:0x0000555675e012a0>Adzuki beanType 1specificVigna angularis39140.00.00.0mg/100 gAgarType 1specificEucheuma314440.20.20.2mg/100 gAlfalfaType 1specificMedicago sativa38790.3650.730.0mg/100 gAlliumType 1specificAllium46780.0008880.003550.0mg/100 gAlmondType 1specificPrunus dulcis37550.1333330.140.13mg/100 gAmerican cranberryType 1specificVaccinium macrocarpon137500.02150.02150.0215mg/100 gAnatidaeType 1specificAnatidae88300.0002550.00140.0mg/100 gAnchovyType 1specificEngraulidae430620.0050.0050.005mg/100 gAnguilliformesType 1specificAnguilliformes79330.000170.000170.00017mg/100 gAppleType 1specificMalus pumila2832100.0032080.032450.0mg/100 gApricotType 1specificPrunus armeniaca365960.040.120.0mg/100 gArabica coffeeType 1specificCoffea arabica134430.0208020.0810.0mg/100 gAsparagusType 1specificAsparagus officinalis46860.0200890.1350.0mg/100 gAtlantic halibutType 1specificHippoglossus hippoglossus82670.00.00.0mg/100 gAtlantic wolffishType 1specificAnarhichas lupus82040.00.00.0mg/100 gAvocadoType 1specificPersea americana34350.05970.05970.0597mg/100 gBaby foodType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gBamboo shootsType 1specificPhyllostachys edulis387050.00.00.0mg/100 gBananaType 1specificMusa acuminata46410.004010.004010.00401mg/100 gBarleyType 1specificHordeum vulgare45130.03150.0530.01mg/100 gBeerType 2specific0.0012020.00230.0mg/100 gBilberryType 1specificVaccinium myrtillus1807630.00.00.0mg/100 gBiscuitType 2specific0.0006330.00380.0mg/100 gBitter gourdType 1specificMomordica charantia36731.01.01.0mg/100 gBlack salsifyType 1specificScorzonera hispanica1142890.00480.00480.0048mg/100 gBlack teaType 10.356030.710.00206mg/100 gBlack walnutType 1specificJuglans nigra167190.40.480.32mg/100 gBlack-eyed peaType 1specificVigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata3920BlackcurrantType 1specificRibes nigrum785110.0044890.01010.0mg/100 gBlue whitingType 1specificMicromesistius poutassou816360.00.00.0mg/100 gBrazil nutType 1specificBertholletia excelsa36450.1933330.580.0mg/100 gBreakfast cerealType 2specific0.0225130.0830.0mg/100 gBroccoliType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. italica367740.005650.0150.0mg/100 gBrussel sproutsType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. gemmifera1786160.00280.00560.0mg/100 gBurbotType 1specificLota lota699440.010.010.01mg/100 gButterType 2specific0.0002060.0002060.000206mg/100 gButtermilkType 2specific0.0009770.0009770.000977mg/100 gButternutType 1specificJuglans cinerea912140.430.430.43mg/100 gCabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. capitata37160.4360.4360.436mg/100 gCarawayType 1specificCarum carvi480320.70.70.7mg/100 gCarp breamType 1specificAbramis brama385270.010.010.01mg/100 gCarrotType 1specificDaucus carota ssp. sativus792000.0992591.3530.0mg/100 gCaseinType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gCashew nutType 1specificAnacardium occidentale1719290.10.50.0mg/100 gCassavaType 1specificManihot esculenta39830.00.00.0mg/100 gCatfishType 1specificSiluriformes79950.00.00.0mg/100 gCattle (Beef, Veal)Type 1specificBos taurus99130.0009560.003480.0005mg/100 gCauliflowerType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. botrytis37150.0051690.00980.0mg/100 gCeleriacType 1specificApium graveolens var. rapaceum2781100.00520.00520.0052mg/100 gCelery leavesType 1specificApium graveolens var. secalinum9415880.00.00.0mg/100 gCetacea (Dolphin, Porpoise, Whale)Type 1specificCetacea97210.00.00.0mg/100 gCeylon cinnamonType 1specificCinnamomum verum1286080.2650.420.11mg/100 gChanterelleType 1specificCantharellus cibarius360660.00.00.0mg/100 gCharrType 1specificSalvelinus80330.00.00.0mg/100 gChayoteType 1specificSechium edule1841400.00.00.0mg/100 gCheeseType 2specific0.0044630.006680.0mg/100 gCherimoyaType 1specificAnnona cherimola493140.00.00.0mg/100 gChervilType 1specificAnthriscus cerefolium408880.00420.00420.0042mg/100 gChestnutType 1specificCastanea210190.00.00.0mg/100 gChewing gumType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gChickenType 1specificGallus gallus90310.0011710.0040.0mg/100 gChickpeaType 1specificCicer arietinum38270.130.130.13mg/100 gChicoryType 1specificCichorium intybus134270.004050.00810.0mg/100 gChinese cabbageType 1specificBrassica rapa37110.0511670.150.00175mg/100 gChivesType 1specificAllium schoenoprasum749000.050.050.05mg/100 gChocolateType 2specific0.140.2230.07mg/100 gChocolate spreadType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gCinnamonType 1specificCinnamomum134280.00.00.0mg/100 gClawed lobsterType 1specificNephropidae67040.00470.00470.0047mg/100 gCloudberryType 1specificRubus chamaemorus579360.07250.07250.0725mg/100 gClovesType 1specificSyzygium aromaticum2198680.240.240.24mg/100 gClupeinae (Herring, Sardine, Sprat)Type 1specificClupeinae79480.0013040.0110.0mg/100 gCocoa butterType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gCocoa powderType 2specific0.3516670.8550.0mg/100 gCoconutType 1specificCocos nucifera138940.0844440.210.0mg/100 gCoffeeType 1genericCoffea134420.0208020.0810.0mg/100 gCold cutType 2specific0.0013250.00310.0mg/100 gColumbidae (Dove, Pigeon)Type 1specificColumbidae89300.00.00.0mg/100 gCommon beanType 1specificPhaseolus vulgaris38850.1284260.750.0mg/100 gCommon buckwheatType 1specificFagopyrum esculentum36170.1348290.420.0mg/100 gCommon cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea37120.0057910.01350.0027mg/100 gCommon dabType 1specificLimanda limanda277710.0010.0010.001mg/100 gCommon grapeType 1specificVitis vinifera297600.0390.0390.039mg/100 gCommon hazelnutType 1specificCorylus avellana134510.180.180.18mg/100 gCommon lingType 1specificMolva molva1631120.00.00.0mg/100 gCommon mushroomType 1specificAgaricus bisporus53410.00030.00030.0003mg/100 gCommon octopusType 1specificOctopus vulgaris66450.00110.00110.0011mg/100 gCommon peaType 1specificPisum sativum38880.073720.2190.0mg/100 gCommon persimmonType 1specificDiospyros virginiana134930.610.8150.405mg/100 gCommon wheatType 1specificTriticum aestivum45650.2370.2370.237mg/100 gCorianderType 1specificCoriandrum sativum40470.0342860.240.0mg/100 gCornType 1specificZea mays45770.0300320.3210.0mg/100 gCottonseedType 1specificGossypium36330.00.00.0mg/100 gCrabType 1specificBrachyura67520.00280.00520.0mg/100 gCrackerType 2specific0.010.010.01mg/100 gCrayfishType 1specificAstacidea67120.01570.01570.0157mg/100 gCreamType 2specific0.0002930.0010.0mg/100 gCrisp breadType 2specific0.02570.05270.0mg/100 gCucumberType 1specificCucumis sativus36590.0047450.0630.0mg/100 gCucurbitaType 1specificCucurbita36600.00350.0050.0mg/100 gCuminType 1specificCuminum cyminum524620.360.360.36mg/100 gCurry powderType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gDaikon radishType 1specificRaphanus sativus var. longipinnatus416790.0020.0040.0mg/100 gDandelionType 1specificTaraxacum officinale502250.00.00.0mg/100 gDateType 1specificPhoenix dactylifera423450.0330.0330.033mg/100 gDillType 1specificAnethum graveolens409220.0430570.240.0mg/100 gDomestic pigType 1specificSus scrofa domestica98250.0039620.0160.0mg/100 gDragéeType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gDried milkType 2specific0.0030.0030.003mg/100 gDumplingType 2specific0.0250.0250.025mg/100 gEggplantType 1specificSolanum melongena41110.0156580.0750.0mg/100 gEggsUnknowngeneric0.0004070.0040.0mg/100 gElderberryType 1specificSambucus42010.001590.004770.0mg/100 gEndiveType 1specificCichorium endivia1142800.0440.220.0mg/100 gEuropean plumType 1specificPrunus domestica37580.0447680.08650.00667mg/100 gFats and oilsUnknowngenericFennelType 1specificFoeniculum vulgare480380.03360.10.0mg/100 gFigType 1specificFicus carica34940.06880.130.0mg/100 gFish oilType 10.00.00.0mg/100 gFlatfishType 1specificPleuronectiformes82520.002910.002910.00291mg/100 gFlaxseedType 1specificLinum usitatissimum40060.11150.2230.0mg/100 gFrench plantainType 1specificMusa X paradisiaca891510.00.00.0mg/100 gFruit gumType 2specific0.0020.0020.002mg/100 gFruit juiceType 2specific0.0050.010.0mg/100 gFruit preserveType 2specific0.010.010.01mg/100 gGadiformesType 1specificGadiformes80430.003970.003970.00397mg/100 gGadus (Common cod)Type 1specificGadus80480.000430.002420.0mg/100 gGarden cressType 1specificLepidium sativum331250.0013330.0040.0mg/100 gGarden onionType 1specificAllium cepa46790.0850320.20150.005156448mg/100 gGarden rhubarbType 1specificRheum rhabarbarum36210.0467360.2050.00717mg/100 gGarden tomatoType 1specificSolanum lycopersicum40810.0082390.030.0mg/100 gGarden tomato (var.)Type 1specificSolanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum3977550.25050.25050.2505mg/100 gGarfishType 1specificBelone belone1290370.001490.001490.00149mg/100 gGarlicType 1specificAllium sativum46820.0033330.0110.0mg/100 gGelatinType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gGelatin dessertType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gGiant butterburType 1specificPetasites japonicus186965GinType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gGingerType 1specificZingiber officinale943280.120.360.0mg/100 gGlobe artichokeType 1specificCynara scolymus598950.00.00.0mg/100 gGooseberryType 1specificRibes uva-crispa1355180.0084270.02020.00254mg/100 gGram beanType 1specificVigna mungo39150.56640.56640.5664mg/100 gGrapeType 1specificVitis36030.0051490.01780.0mg/100 gGrape wineType 2specific0.0021630.00460.0mg/100 gGrapefruitType 1specificCitrus X paradisi376560.001680.003060.0003mg/100 gGreen beanType 1specificPhaseolus vulgaris38850.01040.01770.0mg/100 gGreen bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.066140.27750.0mg/100 gGreen teaType 10.356030.710.00206mg/100 gGreen zucchiniType 1specificCucurbita pepo var. cylindrica0.0075730.0123053760.0044mg/100 gGreenland halibut/turbotType 1specificReinhardtius hippoglossoides1117840.001510.001510.00151mg/100 gGroundcherryType 1specificPhysalis246630.00.00.0mg/100 gGuavaType 1specificPsidium guajava1202900.00.00.0mg/100 gHaddockType 1specificMelanogrammus aeglefinus80560.00.00.0mg/100 gHard wheatType 1specificTriticum durum45670.00.00.0mg/100 gHazelnutType 1specificCorylus134500.170.170.17mg/100 gHerbal teaType 10.356030.710.00206mg/100 gHoneyType 2specific0.0090.0090.009mg/100 gHorseradishType 1specificArmoracia rusticana37040.03350.070.004mg/100 gHot chocolateType 2specific0.01730.01730.0173mg/100 gIce creamType 2specific0.0015130.0030.0mg/100 gItalian sweet red pepperType 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2specific0.007440.007440.00744mg/100 gMarine musselType 1specificMytilidae65470.0700670.08350.0578mg/100 gMarshmallowType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gMarzipanType 2specific0.0160.0320.0mg/100 gMeat bouillonType 2specific0.030.150.0mg/100 gMeatballType 2specific0.0180.0180.018mg/100 gMeringueType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gMilk (Cow)Type 2specific0.0185690.2080.00037mg/100 gMilk (Human)Type 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gMilk (Other mammals)Type 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gMilletType 1specificPanicum miliaceum45400.15950.1990.12mg/100 gMisoType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gMountain hareType 1specificLepus timidus626210.00050.00050.0005mg/100 gMugwortType 1specificArtemisia vulgaris4220Mung beanType 1specificVigna radiata1577910.201120.34560.0mg/100 gMuskmelonType 1specificCucumis melo36560.0186880.09850.007mg/100 gMustardType 2specific0.020.020.02mg/100 gNectarineType 1specificPrunus persica var. nucipersica3238510.00.00.0mg/100 gNorthern pikeType 1specificEsox lucius80100.009440.009440.00944mg/100 gNorway haddockType 1specificSebastes viviparus3947080.00.00.0mg/100 gNorway lobsterType 1specificNephrops norvegicus68290.00670.00670.0067mg/100 gNorway poutType 1specificTrisopterus esmarkii807230.00.00.0mg/100 gNougatType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gNutmegType 1specificMyristica fragrans510890.00.00.0mg/100 gOatType 1specificAvena sativa44980.1071430.1330.0mg/100 gOil palmType 1specificElaeis519520.00.00.0mg/100 gOkraType 1specificAbelmoschus esculentus4550450.00.00.0mg/100 gOliveType 1specificOlea europaea41460.0015710.00550.0mg/100 gOrange bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.0982090.27750.004945761mg/100 gOther alcoholic beverageType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gOther animal fatType 2specific0.0030.0060.0mg/100 gOther breadType 2specific0.0103370.0230.0035mg/100 gOther bread productType 2specific0.0031150.006230.0mg/100 gOther candyType 2specific0.01750.070.0mg/100 gOther dishType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gOther fermented milkType 2specific0.0014790.0020.000958mg/100 gOther fish productType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gOther frozen dessertType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gOther fruit productType 2specific0.09260.09260.0926mg/100 gOther snack foodType 2specific0.0333330.0380.03mg/100 gOyster mushroomType 1specificPleurotus ostreatus53220.01960.01960.0196mg/100 gPacific ocean perchType 1specificSebastes alutus720550.00.00.0mg/100 gPak choyType 1specificBrassica rapa var. chinensis933850.00.00.0mg/100 gPapayaType 1specificCarica papaya36490.0030.0030.003mg/100 gParsleyType 1specificPetroselinum crispum40430.110440.430.0111mg/100 gParsnipType 1specificPastinaca sativa40410.0339840.0820.02mg/100 gPassion fruitType 1specificPassiflora edulis781680.00.00.0mg/100 gPastaType 2specific0.00440.00940.0mg/100 gPastryType 2specific0.0010810.020.0mg/100 gPateType 2specific0.00160.00160.0016mg/100 gPeachType 1specificPrunus persica37600.04230.23250.0mg/100 gPeanutType 1specificArachis hypogaea38180.030.060.0mg/100 gPearType 1specificPyrus communis232110.0192920.06050.00899mg/100 gPecan nutType 1specificCarya illinoinensis322010.00.00.0mg/100 gPepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.0227080.27750.0mg/100 gPepper (C. frutescens)Type 1specificCapsicum annuum var. annuum403210.1250.1250.125mg/100 gPepper (Spice)Type 1specificPiper nigrum132160.0516670.1550.0mg/100 gPerciformesType 1specificPerciformes81110.0080.0080.008mg/100 gPersimmonType 1specificDiospyros134920.02180.02180.0218mg/100 gPikeperchType 1specificSander lucioperca2830350.0070.0070.007mg/100 gPine nutType 1specificPinus33370.00.00.0mg/100 gPineappleType 1specificAnanas comosus46150.0204050.050.000837mg/100 gPistachioType 1specificPistacia vera555130.1020.110.1mg/100 gPizzaType 2specific0.01780.01780.0178mg/100 gPleuronectidae (Dab, Halibut, Plaice)Type 1specificPleuronectidae82560.0073170.0170.0mg/100 gPollockType 1specificPollachius80590.0009730.001460.0mg/100 gPomegranateType 1specificPunica granatum226630.00.00.0mg/100 gPoppyType 1specificPapaver34680.1670.1670.167mg/100 gPort wineType 2specific0.0070.0070.007mg/100 gPotatoType 1specificSolanum tuberosum41130.0158380.1310.0mg/100 gPrickly pearType 1specificOpuntia1069750.00.00.0mg/100 gPrunus (Cherry, Plum)Type 1specificPrunus37540.0003750.00150.0mg/100 gQuinceType 1specificCydonia oblonga366100.00.00.0mg/100 gRabbitType 1specificLeporidae99790.00050.00050.0005mg/100 gRadishType 1specificRaphanus sativus37260.020.0360.004mg/100 gRainbow troutType 1specificOncorhynchus mykiss80220.00060.00090.0mg/100 gRapeType 1specificBrassica napus var. napus1380110.00.00.0mg/100 gRed algaeType 1specificRhodophyta27630.20.20.2mg/100 gRed beetrootType 1specificBeta vulgaris var. rubra0.097640.80.0034mg/100 gRed bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.058740.27750.0mg/100 gRed teaType 10.356030.710.00206mg/100 gRedcurrantType 1specificRibes rubrum1752280.0054330.03150.0mg/100 gRemouladeType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gRiceType 1specificOryza sativa45300.026950.16320.0mg/100 gRobusta coffeeType 1specificCoffea canephora493900.0208020.0810.0mg/100 gRock ptarmiganType 1specificLagopus muta646680.0050.0050.005mg/100 gRomaine lettuceType 1specificLactuca sativa L. var. longifolia0.0024550.0034135310.0mg/100 gRose hipType 1specificRosa37640.0133330.040.0mg/100 gRubus (Blackberry, Raspberry)Type 1specificRubus232160.0065430.01790.0mg/100 gRumType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gRyeType 1specificSecale cereale45500.00340.00680.0mg/100 gRye breadType 2specific0.0097560.02640.0025mg/100 gSafflowerType 1specificCarthamus tinctorius42220.00.00.0mg/100 gSalad dressingType 2specific0.0006090.0070.0mg/100 gSalmonidae (Salmon, Trout)Type 1specificSalmonidae80150.0016130.002290.0mg/100 gSaltType 2specific0.0030.0030.003mg/100 gSauceType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gSausageType 2specific0.00930.0240.0mg/100 gSavoy cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea var. sabauda12160100.00210.00210.0021mg/100 gScombridae (Bonito, Mackerel, Tuna)Type 1specificScombridae82240.0004230.0004230.000423mg/100 gSemolinaType 2specific0.00380.00380.0038mg/100 gSesameType 1specificSesamum orientale41820.1257140.190.0mg/100 gSheep (Mutton, Lamb)Type 1specificOvis aries99400.0030130.010.00214mg/100 gSherryType 2specific0.01350.01350.0135mg/100 gShrimpType 1specificCaridea66940.002490.002490.00249mg/100 gSnailType 1specificGastropoda64480.00.00.0mg/100 gSoft drinkType 2specific0.001280.003080.00028mg/100 gSoft-necked garlicType 1specificAllium sativum L. var. sativum46820.160.160.16mg/100 gSorrelType 1specificRumex acetosa412410.00.00.0mg/100 gSoupType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gSoy beanType 1specificGlycine max38470.2447081.550.0mg/100 gSoy milkType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gSoy sauceType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gSpinachType 1specificSpinacia oleracea35620.0116330.0330.0042mg/100 gSpiny dogfishType 1specificSqualus acanthias77970.00.00.0mg/100 gSpiritType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gStar fruitType 1specificAverrhoa carambola289740.00.00.0mg/100 gStrawberryType 1specificFragaria X ananassa37470.002970.010.0mg/100 gSturgeonType 1specificAcipenseridae79000.00.00.0mg/100 gSugarType 2specific0.0034570.00740.0mg/100 gSugar substituteType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gSunburst squash (pattypan squash)Type 1specificCucurbita pepo var. clypeata0.0176720.0323820870.0046mg/100 gSunflowerType 1specificHelianthus annuus42320.18030.3560.0046mg/100 gSwedeType 1specificBrassica napus37080.00.00.0mg/100 gSweet orangeType 1specificCitrus sinensis27110.0079370.0280.0006mg/100 gSweet potatoType 1specificIpomoea batatas41200.001440.005760.0mg/100 gSwiss chardType 1specificBeta vulgaris ssp. cicla15272000.00.00.0mg/100 gSyrupType 2specific0.030.030.03mg/100 gTallowType 2specific0.0028180.00960.0mg/100 gTamarindType 1specificTamarindus indica588600.00.00.0mg/100 gTeaType 1specificCamellia sinensis44420.2848240.710.0mg/100 gThistleType 1specificCirsium415490.00.00.0mg/100 gThunnusType 1specificThunnus82340.001790.0020.00116mg/100 gToffeeType 2specific0.020.020.02mg/100 gTofuType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gTrue frogType 1specificRanidae83970.00.00.0mg/100 gTrue oysterType 1specificOstreidae65630.01960.01960.0196mg/100 gTrue sealType 1specificPhocidae97090.00.00.0mg/100 gTrue soleType 1specificSoleidae309480.00.00.0mg/100 gTurbotType 1specificScophthalmus maximus529040.00.00.0mg/100 gTurkeyType 1specificMeleagris gallopavo91030.0013250.00310.0mg/100 gTurmericType 1specificCurcuma longa1362170.380.380.38mg/100 gTurnipType 1specificBrassica rapa var. rapa513500.0006670.0020.0mg/100 gUnclassified food or beverageType 2specific0.0460.1380.0mg/100 gVaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry)Type 1specificVaccinium137490.00.00.0mg/100 gVegetable juiceType 2specific0.01150.01150.0115mg/100 gVermouthType 2specific0.00210.00210.0021mg/100 gVinegarType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gVodkaType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gWalnutType 1specificJuglans167180.1066670.320.0mg/100 gWaterType 2specific0.00040.00050.0003mg/100 gWatercressType 1specificRorippa nasturtium-aquaticum1355180.00.00.0mg/100 gWatermelonType 1specificCitrullus lanatus36540.0070.0070.007mg/100 gWheatType 1specificTriticum45640.0276750.0830.0mg/100 gWheat breadType 2specific0.0102860.0360.0mg/100 gWheyType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gWhiskyType 2specific0.00.00.0mg/100 gWhite breadType 10.0230.0230.023mg/100 gWhite cabbageType 1specificBrassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.0.14790.4360.0027mg/100 gWhite mustardType 1specificSinapis alba37280.360.360.36mg/100 gWhitefishType 1specificCoregonus277720.0070.0070.007mg/100 gWhitingType 1specificMerlangius merlangus80580.00.00.0mg/100 gWild carrotType 1specificDaucus carota40390.10.10.1mg/100 gWild celeryType 1specificApium graveolens40450.0168330.0470.00175mg/100 gYamType 1specificDioscorea46720.00.00.0mg/100 gYellow bell pepperType 1specificCapsicum annuum40720.0747340.27750.0mg/100 gYellow zucchiniType 1specificCucurbita pepo var. cylindrica0.009750.0170.0044mg/100 gYmerType 2specific0.0008750.001750.0mg/100 gYogurtType 2specific0.0024550.01110.001mg/100 g1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenaseQ9BV57ADI1allergenic43A chemical compound which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.anti adrenalinic90Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter.anti cirrhotic187Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.insulin-sparing1043