1.0
2010-04-08 22:11:19 UTC
2019-11-26 03:10:14 UTC
FDB014510
Biotin
Present in many foods; particularly rich sources include yeast, eggs, liver, certain fish (e.g. mackerel, salmon, sardines), soybeans, cauliflower and cow peas. Dietary supplement. Isolated from various higher plant sources, e.g. sweet corn seedlings and radish leaves
Biotin D(+) is a cofactor responsible for carbon dioxide transfer in several carboxylase enzymes:; Biotin binds very tightly to the tetrameric protein avidin (also streptavidin and neutravidin), with a dissociation constant Kd in the order of 10?15 mol/L which is one of the strongest known protein-ligand interactions, approaching the covalent bond in strength. This is often used in different biotechnological applications. Until 2005, very harsh conditions were required to break the biotin-streptavidin bond.; Biotin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin which is composed of an ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. Biotin is used in cell growth, the production of fatty acids, metabolism of fats, and amino acids. It plays a role in the Kreb cycle, which is the process in which energy is released from food. Biotin not only assists in various metabolic chemical conversions, but also helps with the transfer of carbon dioxide. Biotin is also helpful in maintaining a steady blood sugar level. Biotin is often recommended for strengthening hair and nails. Consequenty, it is found in many cosmetic and health products for the hair and skin. Biotin deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of biotin. Initial symptoms of biotin deficiency include: Dry skin, Seborrheic dermatitis, Fungal infections, rashes including erythematous periorofacial macular rash, fine and brittle hair, and hair loss or total alopecia. If left untreated, neurological symptoms can develop, including mild depression, which may progress to profound lassitude and, eventually, to somnolence; Biotin is an enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Biotin is also known as vitamin H or B7 or coenzyme R. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. Biotin has been recognized as an essential nutrient. Our biotin requirement is fulfilled in part through diet, through endogenous reutilization of biotin and perhaps through capture of biotin generated in the intestinal flora. The utilization of biotin for covalent attachment to carboxylases and its reutilization through the release of carboxylase biotin after proteolytic degradation constitutes the 'biotin cycle'. Biotin deficiency is associated with neurological manifestations, skin rash, hair loss and metabolic disturbances that are thought to relate to the various carboxylase deficiencies (metabolic ketoacidosis with lactic acidosis). It has also been suggested that biotin deficiency is associated with protein malnutrition, and that marginal biotin deficiency in pregnant women may be teratogenic. Biotin acts as a carboxyl carrier in carboxylation reactions. There are four biotin-dependent carboxylases in mammals: those of propionyl-CoA (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (MCC), pyruvate (PC) and acetyl-CoA carboxylases (isoforms ACC-1 and ACC-2). All but ACC-2 are mitochondrial enzymes. The biotin moiety is covalently bound to the epsilon amino group of a Lysine residue in each of these carboxylases in a domain 60-80 amino acids long. The domain is structurally similar among carboxylases from bacteria to mammals. There are four biotin-dependent carboxylases in mammals: those of propionyl-CoA (PCC), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (MCC), pyruvate (PC) and acetyl-CoA carboxylases (isoforms ACC-1 and ACC-2). All but ACC-2 are mitochondrial enzymes. The biotin moiety is covalently bound to the epsilon amino group of a Lys residue in each of these carboxylases in a domain 60-80 amino acids long. The domain is structurally similar among carboxylases from bacteria to mammals. Evidence is emerging that biotin participates in processes other than classical carboxylation reactions. Specifically, novel roles for biotin in cell signaling, gene expression, and chromatin structure have been identified in recent years. Human cells accumulate biotin by using both the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter and monocarboxylate transporter 1. These transporters and other biotin-binding proteins partition biotin to compartments involved in biotin signaling: cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nuclei. The activity of cell signals such as biotinyl-AMP, Sp1 and Sp3, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, and receptor tyrosine kinases depends on biotin supply. Consistent with a role for biotin and its catabolites in modulating these cell signals, greater than 2000 biotin-dependent genes have been identified in various human tissues. Many biotin-dependent gene products play roles in signal transduction and localize to the cell nucleus, consistent with a role for biotin in cell signaling. Posttranscriptional events related to ribosomal activity and protein folding may further contribute to effects of biotin on gene expression. Finally, research has shown that biotinidase and holocarboxylase synthetase mediate covalent binding of biotin to histones (DNA-binding proteins), affecting chromatin structure; Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B7, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin which is composed of an ureido (tetrahydroimidizalone) ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetrahydrothiophene ring. Biotin is a cofactor in the metabolism of fatty acids and leucine, and it plays a role in gluconeogenesis.; Signs of Biotin Deficiency: In general, appetite and growth are decreased. Dermatologic symptoms include dermatitis, alopecia (hair loss) and achromotrichia (absence or loss of pigment in the hair.) Perosis (a shortening and thickening of bones) is seen in the skeleton. Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS) and hepatic steatosis also can occur. Genetic defect could also cause biotin deficiency. Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency is a genetic mutation. It is a severe metabolic disorder. Biochemical and clinical manifestation includes: ketolactic acidosis, organic aciduria, hyperammonemia, skin rash, feeding problems, hypotonie, seizures, development delay, alopecia, and coma. This disease is lethal, however, mentioned manifestation can be reversed by pharmacologic doses of biotin (10-100 mg per day).[citation needed]; at least seven biotinylation sites have been identified in human histones. Biotinylation of histones appears to play a role in cell proliferation, gene silencing, and the cellular response to DNA repair. Roles for biotin in cell signaling and chromatin structure are consistent with the notion that biotin has a unique significance in cell biology. (PMID: 15992684, 16011464)
-(+)-biotin
(+)-biotin
(+)-cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]imidazole-4-valerate
(+)-cis-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4]Imidazole-4-valeric acid
(3AS,4S,6ar)-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-valerate
(3AS,4S,6ar)-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-valeric acid
1avd
1ndj
1stp
1swg
1swk
1swn
1swp
1swr
2avi
3H-Biotin
5-(2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoate
5-(2-Oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoic acid
Beta-biotin
Biodermatin
Bioepiderm
Bioepiderm (TN)
Bios h
Bios II
Biotin (8CI)
Biotin (jan/usp/inn)
Biotin [usan:inn:jan]
Biotin 50 Mcg
Biotin111In
Biotina
Biotine
Biotinum
BTN
cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valerate
cis-(+)-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno[3,4]imidazoline-4-valeric acid
cis-hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)Imidazole-4-valerate
cis-Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4)imidazole-4-valeric acid
cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-D)imidazoline-4-valerate
cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid
Coenzyme R
D-(+)-biotin
D-biotin
D-biotin factor s
D(+)-biotin
Delta-(+)-biotin
Delta-biotin
Delta-biotin factor s
Factor s
Factor s (vitamin)
Factor S?
hexahydro-2-oxo-[3AS-(3aa,4b,6aa)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoate
hexahydro-2-oxo-[3AS-(3aa,4b,6aa)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid
hexahydro-2-oxo-[3As-(3alpha,4beta,6alpha)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoate
hexahydro-2-oxo-[3As-(3alpha,4beta,6alpha)]-1H-thieno[3,4-D]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid
Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoate
Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno(3,4-d)imidazole-4-pentanoic acid
Hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-pentanoic acid, 9CI
Injacom h
Lutavit H2
Medebiotin
Meribin
Ritatin
Rovimix H 2
Vitamin B7
Vitamin BW
Vitamin H
Vitamin h (van)
Vitamin-h
C10H16N2O3S
244.311
244.088163078
5-{2-hydroxy-1H,3aH,4H,6H,6aH-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-6-yl}pentanoic acid
5-{2-hydroxy-3H,3aH,4H,6H,6aH-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl}pentanoic acid
58-85-5
OC(=O)CCCCC1SCC2NC(=O)NC12
InChI=1S/C10H16N2O3S/c13-8(14)4-2-1-3-7-9-6(5-16-7)11-10(15)12-9/h6-7,9H,1-5H2,(H,13,14)(H2,11,12,15)
YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biotin and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a ureido (tetrahydroimidizalone) ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring.
Biotin and derivatives
Organic compounds
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Biotin and derivatives
Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
Azacyclic compounds
Carbonyl compounds
Carboximidamides
Carboxylic acids
Dialkylthioethers
Heterocyclic fatty acids
Hydrocarbon derivatives
Imidazolines
Imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives
Isoureas
Medium-chain fatty acids
Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
Organic oxides
Organopnictogen compounds
Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds
Thia fatty acids
Thiolanes
2-imidazoline
Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Azacycle
Biotin
Carbonyl group
Carboximidamide
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Dialkylthioether
Fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Heterocyclic fatty acid
Hydrocarbon derivative
Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
Isourea
Medium-chain fatty acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic oxide
Organic oxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organooxygen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
Thia fatty acid
Thioether
Thiolane
Solid
logp
0.30
logs
-2.26
solubility
1.34e+00 g/l
melting_point
Mp 232-233°
logp
-0.39
pka_strongest_acidic
-3.4
pka_strongest_basic
15
iupac
5-{2-hydroxy-1H,3aH,4H,6H,6aH-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-6-yl}pentanoic acid
average_mass
244.311
mono_mass
244.088163078
smiles
OC(=O)CCCCC1SCC2NC(=O)NC12
formula
C10H16N2O3S
inchi
InChI=1S/C10H16N2O3S/c13-8(14)4-2-1-3-7-9-6(5-16-7)11-10(15)12-9/h6-7,9H,1-5H2,(H,13,14)(H2,11,12,15)
inchikey
YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
polar_surface_area
81.92
refractivity
60.57
polarizability
25.35
rotatable_bond_count
5
acceptor_count
5
donor_count
3
physiological_charge
-1
formal_charge
0
Biotin Metabolism
SMP00066
map00780
Specdb::EiMs
823
Specdb::NmrOneD
214087
Specdb::NmrOneD
214088
Specdb::NmrOneD
214089
Specdb::NmrOneD
214090
Specdb::NmrOneD
214091
Specdb::NmrOneD
214092
Specdb::NmrOneD
214093
Specdb::NmrOneD
214094
Specdb::NmrOneD
214095
Specdb::NmrOneD
214096
Specdb::NmrOneD
214097
Specdb::NmrOneD
214098
Specdb::NmrOneD
214099
Specdb::NmrOneD
214100
Specdb::NmrOneD
214101
Specdb::NmrOneD
214102
Specdb::NmrOneD
214103
Specdb::NmrOneD
214104
Specdb::NmrOneD
214105
Specdb::NmrOneD
214106
Specdb::CMs
111353
Specdb::CMs
124549
Specdb::CMs
854800
Specdb::CMs
854801
Specdb::CMs
854802
Specdb::CMs
854803
Specdb::CMs
854804
Specdb::CMs
854805
Specdb::CMs
854806
Specdb::CMs
854807
Specdb::CMs
854808
Specdb::CMs
854809
Specdb::CMs
854810
Specdb::CMs
854811
Specdb::MsMs
20261
Specdb::MsMs
20262
Specdb::MsMs
20263
Specdb::MsMs
21812
Specdb::MsMs
21813
Specdb::MsMs
21814
Specdb::MsMs
3419552
Specdb::MsMs
3419553
Specdb::MsMs
3419554
Specdb::MsMs
3420410
Specdb::MsMs
3420411
Specdb::MsMs
3420412
HMDB00030
15956
BTN
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#<Reference:0x00005556741bc158>
#<Reference:0x00005556741bbf00>
#<Reference:0x00005556741bbd20>
Abalone
Type 1
specific
Haliotis
6452
Abiyuch
Type 1
specific
Crateva religiosa
202634
Acerola
Type 1
specific
Malpighia emarginata
151847
Acorn
Type 1
specific
Quercus
3511
Acorn squash
Type 1
Cucurbita pepo var. turbinata
Adzuki bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna angularis
3914
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Agar
Type 1
specific
Eucheuma
31444
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Agave
Type 1
specific
Agave
39509
Alaska blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium alaskaense
190544
Alaska wild rhubarb
Type 1
specific
Polygonum alpinum
125586
Albizia gummifera
Type 1
Albizia gummifera
Alfalfa
Type 1
specific
Medicago sativa
3879
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Allium
Type 1
specific
Allium
4678
0.225
0.9
0.0
mg/100 g
Allspice
Type 1
specific
Pimenta dioica
375272
Almond
Type 1
specific
Prunus dulcis
3755
0.4
0.4
0.4
mg/100 g
Alpine sweetvetch
Type 1
specific
Hedysarum alpinum
57576
Amaranth
Type 1
specific
Amaranthus
3564
American butterfish
Type 1
specific
Peprilus triacanthus
183653
American cranberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium macrocarpon
13750
American pokeweed
Type 1
specific
Phytolacca americana
3527
Anatidae
Type 1
specific
Anatidae
8830
1.090909
6.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Anchovy
Type 1
specific
Engraulidae
43062
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Angelica
Type 1
specific
Angelica keiskei
357850
Anguilliformes
Type 1
specific
Anguilliformes
7933
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Anise
Type 1
specific
Pimpinella anisum
271192
Annual wild rice
Type 1
specific
Zizania aquatica
75727
Apple
Type 1
specific
Malus pumila
283210
0.3
0.9
0.0
mg/100 g
Apricot
Type 1
specific
Prunus armeniaca
36596
0.333333
1.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Arabica coffee
Type 1
specific
Coffea arabica
13443
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Arctic blackberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus arcticus
70741
Arrowhead
Type 1
specific
Sagittaria latifolia
15008
Arrowroot
Type 1
specific
Maranta arundinacea
210060
Asian pear
Type 1
specific
Pyrus pyrifolia
3767
Asparagus
Type 1
specific
Asparagus officinalis
4686
0.1
0.2
0.0
mg/100 g
Atlantic halibut
Type 1
specific
Hippoglossus hippoglossus
8267
5.0
5.0
5.0
mg/100 g
Atlantic herring
Type 1
specific
Clupea harengus harengus
7950
Atlantic wolffish
Type 1
specific
Anarhichas lupus
8204
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Avocado
Type 1
specific
Persea americana
3435
2.408333
3.6
0.025
mg/100 g
Babassu palm
Type 1
specific
Attalea speciosa
145700
Baby food
Type 2
specific
12.0
12.0
12.0
mg/100 g
Bagel
Type 2
specific
Bamboo shoots
Type 1
specific
Phyllostachys edulis
38705
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Banana
Type 1
specific
Musa acuminata
4641
5.5
5.5
5.5
mg/100 g
Barley
Type 1
specific
Hordeum vulgare
4513
0.0099
0.0495
0.0
mg/100 g
Bayberry
Type 1
specific
Myrica
3509
Bean
Type 1
specific
Beech nut
Type 1
specific
Fagus
21024
Beer
Type 2
specific
0.533333
1.2
0.0
mg/100 g
Bilberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium myrtillus
180763
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Biscuit
Type 2
specific
1.333333
4.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Bitter gourd
Type 1
specific
Momordica charantia
3673
Black cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. viridis
3713
Black chokeberry
Type 1
specific
Photinia melanocarpa
661339
Black crowberry
Type 1
specific
Empetrum nigrum
191066
Black elderberry
Type 1
specific
Sambucus nigra
4202
0.0008
0.0008
0.0008
mg/100 g
Black huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Gaylussacia baccata
128893
Black mulberry
Type 1
specific
Morus nigra
85232
Black plum
Type 1
Syzygium cumini
Black radish
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus var. niger
41679
Black raisin
Type 1
Black raspberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus occidentalis
75079
Black salsify
Type 1
specific
Scorzonera hispanica
114289
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Black tea
Type 1
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Black walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans nigra
16719
19.0
19.0
19.0
mg/100 g
Black-eyed pea
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata
3920
Blackberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus
Blackcurrant
Type 1
specific
Ribes nigrum
78511
0.48
2.4
0.0
mg/100 g
Blue whiting
Type 1
specific
Micromesistius poutassou
81636
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Bog bilberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium uliginosum
190548
Borage
Type 1
specific
Borago officinalis
13363
Boysenberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus ursinus X idaeus
Brassicas
Unknown
generic
3705
Brazil nut
Type 1
specific
Bertholletia excelsa
3645
2.0
2.0
2.0
mg/100 g
Breadfruit
Type 1
specific
Artocarpus altilis
194251
Breadnut tree seed
Type 1
specific
Brosimum alicastrum
194253
Breakfast cereal
Type 2
specific
2.181818
24.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Broad bean
Type 1
specific
Vicia faba
3906
0.003
0.003
0.003
mg/100 g
Broccoli
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. italica
36774
0.166667
0.5
0.0
mg/100 g
Brussel sprouts
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
178616
0.2
0.4
0.0
mg/100 g
Buffalo currant
Type 1
specific
Ribes aureum var. villosum
23283
Bulgur
Type 2
specific
Burbot
Type 1
specific
Lota lota
69944
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Burdock
Type 1
specific
Arctium lappa
4217
Butter
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Buttermilk
Type 2
specific
1.4
1.4
1.4
mg/100 g
Butternut
Type 1
specific
Juglans cinerea
91214
Butternut squash
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita moschata
3662
Cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
3716
Calabash
Type 1
specific
Lagenaria siceraria
3668
Canada blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium myrtilloides
1503870
Cannellini bean
Type 1
Canola
Type 2
specific
138011
Cantaloupe melon
Type 1
Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis
Cape gooseberry
Type 1
Physalis peruviana
Capers
Type 1
specific
Capparis spinosa
65558
Caraway
Type 1
specific
Carum carvi
48032
Cardamom
Type 1
specific
Elettaria cardamomum
105181
Cardoon
Type 1
specific
Cynara cardunculus
4265
Carob
Type 1
specific
Ceratonia siliqua
20340
Carp bream
Type 1
specific
Abramis brama
38527
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Carrot
Type 1
specific
Daucus carota ssp. sativus
79200
1.7
3.4
0.0
mg/100 g
Cascade huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium deliciosum
190531
Casein
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cashew nut
Type 1
specific
Anacardium occidentale
171929
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cassava
Type 1
specific
Manihot esculenta
3983
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Castanospermum australe
Type 1
Castanospermum australe
Catfish
Type 1
specific
Siluriformes
7995
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Catjang pea
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
3840
Cattle (Beef, Veal)
Type 1
specific
Bos taurus
9913
3.052979
39.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cauliflower
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
3715
1.0
1.5
0.0
mg/100 g
Celeriac
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens var. rapaceum
278110
0.1
0.1
0.1
mg/100 g
Celery leaves
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens var. secalinum
941588
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Celery stalks
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens var. dulce
117781
Cereals and cereal products
Unknown
generic
Cetacea (Dolphin, Porpoise, Whale)
Type 1
specific
Cetacea
9721
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Ceylon cinnamon
Type 1
specific
Cinnamomum verum
128608
Chanterelle
Type 1
specific
Cantharellus cibarius
36066
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Charr
Type 1
specific
Salvelinus
8033
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Chayote
Type 1
specific
Sechium edule
184140
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cheese
Type 2
specific
1.96365
6.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cherimoya
Type 1
specific
Annona cherimola
49314
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cherry tomato
Type 1
specific
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme
195583
Chervil
Type 1
specific
Anthriscus cerefolium
40888
1.6
1.6
1.6
mg/100 g
Chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea
21019
1.3
1.3
1.3
mg/100 g
Chewing gum
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Chia
Type 1
specific
Salvia hispanica
49212
Chicken
Type 1
specific
Gallus gallus
9031
15.835714
210.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Chickpea
Type 1
specific
Cicer arietinum
3827
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Chicory
Type 1
specific
Cichorium intybus
13427
0.35
0.7
0.0
mg/100 g
Chicory leaves
Type 1
specific
Cichorium intybus var. foliosum
13427
Chicory roots
Type 1
specific
Cichorium intybus var. sativum
13427
Chinese bayberry
Type 1
specific
Myrica rubra
262757
Chinese broccoli
Type 1
specific
Brassica alboglabra
3714
Chinese cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa
3711
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Chinese chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea mollissima
60419
Chinese chives
Type 1
specific
Allium tuberosum
4683
Chinese cinnamon
Type 1
specific
Cinnamomum aromaticum
119260
Chinese mustard
Type 1
specific
Brassica juncea
3707
Chinese plum
Type 1
Chinese water chestnut
Type 1
specific
Eleocharis dulcis
110284
Chives
Type 1
specific
Allium schoenoprasum
74900
0.4
0.4
0.4
mg/100 g
Chocolate
Type 2
specific
3.0
3.0
3.0
mg/100 g
Chocolate spread
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cinnamon
Type 1
specific
Cinnamomum
13428
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Citrus
Unknown
generic
Clawed lobster
Type 1
specific
Nephropidae
6704
5.0
5.0
5.0
mg/100 g
Clementine
Type 1
Citrus × clementina
Climbing bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna umbellata
87088
Cloud ear fungus
Type 1
specific
Auricularia polytricha
29893
Cloudberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus chamaemorus
57936
Cloves
Type 1
specific
Syzygium aromaticum
219868
Clupeinae (Herring, Sardine, Sprat)
Type 1
specific
Clupeinae
7948
2.4
10.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cocoa bean
Type 1
specific
Theobroma cacao
3641
Cocoa butter
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cocoa powder
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Coconut
Type 1
specific
Cocos nucifera
13894
0.125
0.5
0.0
mg/100 g
Coffee
Type 1
generic
Coffea
13442
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cold cut
Type 2
specific
1.9
2.0
1.6
mg/100 g
Colorado pinyon
Type 1
specific
Pinus edulis
3340
Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon)
Type 1
specific
Columbidae
8930
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Common bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus vulgaris
3885
0.382353
0.7
0.0
mg/100 g
Common beet
Type 1
specific
Beta vulgaris
161934
Common buckwheat
Type 1
specific
Fagopyrum esculentum
3617
0.271429
1.9
0.0
mg/100 g
Common cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea
3712
3.545455
36.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Common chokecherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus virginiana
133204
Common dab
Type 1
specific
Limanda limanda
27771
1.2
1.2
1.2
mg/100 g
Common grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis vinifera
29760
Common hazelnut
Type 1
specific
Corylus avellana
13451
Common ling
Type 1
specific
Molva molva
163112
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Common mushroom
Type 1
specific
Agaricus bisporus
5341
16.0
16.0
16.0
mg/100 g
Common octopus
Type 1
specific
Octopus vulgaris
6645
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Common oregano
Type 1
specific
Origanum vulgare
39352
Common pea
Type 1
specific
Pisum sativum
3888
1.927273
8.2
0.0
mg/100 g
Common persimmon
Type 1
specific
Diospyros virginiana
13493
Common sage
Type 1
specific
Salvia officinalis
38868
Common salsify
Type 1
specific
Tragopogon porrifolius
13731
Common thyme
Type 1
specific
Thymus vulgaris
49992
Common verbena
Type 1
specific
Verbena officinalis
79772
Common walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans regia
51240
0.002
0.002
0.002
mg/100 g
Common wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum aestivum
4565
21.6
21.6
21.6
mg/100 g
Conch
Type 1
specific
Strombidae
69694
Coriander
Type 1
specific
Coriandrum sativum
4047
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Corn
Type 1
specific
Zea mays
4577
1.442316
6.1
0.0
mg/100 g
Corn salad
Type 1
specific
Valerianella locusta
59166
Cornbread
Type 2
specific
Cornmint
Type 1
specific
Mentha arvensis
292239
Cottonseed
Type 1
specific
Gossypium
3633
0.01
0.03
0.0
mg/100 g
Cowpea
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata
3917
Crab
Type 1
specific
Brachyura
6752
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cracker
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Crayfish
Type 1
specific
Astacidea
6712
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Cream
Type 2
specific
1.493333
2.74
0.9
mg/100 g
Crisp bread
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Crosne
Type 1
Stachys affinis
Cubanelle pepper
Type 1
Cucumber
Type 1
specific
Cucumis sativus
3659
0.2
0.4
0.0
mg/100 g
Cucurbita
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita
3660
0.2
0.4
0.0
mg/100 g
Cumin
Type 1
specific
Cuminum cyminum
52462
Cupuaçu
Type 1
specific
Theobroma grandiflorum
108881
Curry powder
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Custard apple
Type 1
specific
Annona reticulata
301862
Daikon radish
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus
41679
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Dandelion
Type 1
specific
Taraxacum officinale
50225
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Date
Type 1
specific
Phoenix dactylifera
42345
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Deerberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium stamineum
176259
Devilfish
Type 1
specific
Myoxocephalus
8095
Dill
Type 1
specific
Anethum graveolens
40922
0.2
0.4
0.0
mg/100 g
Dock
Type 1
specific
Rumex
3618
Domestic pig
Type 1
specific
Sus scrofa domestica
9825
3.855802
44.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Dragée
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Dried milk
Type 2
specific
13.0
16.0
10.0
mg/100 g
Dumpling
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Durian
Type 1
specific
Durio zibethinus
66656
Eddoe
Type 1
Colocasia antiquorum
Egg yolk
Type 1
24.4
24.4
24.4
mg/100 g
Eggplant
Type 1
specific
Solanum melongena
4111
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Eggs
Unknown
generic
6.538462
60.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Elderberry
Type 1
specific
Sambucus
4201
0.6
1.8
0.0
mg/100 g
Elliott's blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium elliottii
283798
Endive
Type 1
specific
Cichorium endivia
114280
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Enokitake
Type 1
specific
Flammulina velutipes
38945
Epazote
Type 1
specific
Dysphania ambrosioides
330163
European chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea sativa
21020
European cranberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium oxycoccos
516948
European plum
Type 1
specific
Prunus domestica
3758
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Evening primrose
Type 1
specific
Oenothera biennis
3942
Evergreen huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium ovatum
84019
Feijoa
Type 1
specific
Feijoa sellowiana
260130
Fennel
Type 1
specific
Foeniculum vulgare
48038
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Fenugreek
Type 1
specific
Trigonella foenum-graecum
78534
Fig
Type 1
specific
Ficus carica
3494
0.486667
1.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Fireweed
Type 1
specific
Chamerion angustifolium
13055
Fish oil
Type 1
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Fishes
Unknown
generic
Flatfish
Type 1
specific
Pleuronectiformes
8252
1.2
1.2
1.2
mg/100 g
Flaxseed
Type 1
specific
Linum usitatissimum
4006
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Flour
Type 2
specific
Fox grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis labrusca
103355
French plantain
Type 1
specific
Musa X paradisiaca
89151
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Fruit gum
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Fruit juice
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Fruit preserve
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Fruits
Unknown
generic
Gadiformes
Type 1
specific
Gadiformes
8043
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Gadus (Common cod)
Type 1
specific
Gadus
8048
1.935714
13.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Garden cress
Type 1
specific
Lepidium sativum
33125
0.4
0.4
0.4
mg/100 g
Garden onion
Type 1
specific
Allium cepa
4679
Garden onion (var.)
Type 1
specific
Allium cepa var. cepa
4679
Garden rhubarb
Type 1
specific
Rheum rhabarbarum
3621
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Garden tomato
Type 1
specific
Solanum lycopersicum
4081
1.5
3.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Garden tomato (var.)
Type 1
specific
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
397755
Garfish
Type 1
specific
Belone belone
129037
1.2
1.2
1.2
mg/100 g
Garland chrysanthemum
Type 1
specific
Chrysanthemum coronarium
99038
Garlic
Type 1
specific
Allium sativum
4682
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Gelatin
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Gelatin dessert
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Gentiana lutea
Type 1
Gentiana lutea
German camomile
Type 1
specific
Matricaria recutita
127986
Giant butterbur
Type 1
specific
Petasites japonicus
186965
Gin
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Ginger
Type 1
specific
Zingiber officinale
94328
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Ginkgo nuts
Type 1
specific
Ginkgo biloba
3311
Ginseng
Type 1
specific
Panax
4054
Globe artichoke
Type 1
specific
Cynara scolymus
59895
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Goji
Type 1
Gooseberry
Type 1
specific
Ribes uva-crispa
135518
0.5
0.5
0.5
mg/100 g
Gram bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna mungo
3915
Grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis
3603
0.075
0.3
0.0
mg/100 g
Grape wine
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Grapefruit
Type 1
specific
Citrus X paradisi
37656
1.0
1.0
1.0
mg/100 g
Grapefruit/Pummelo hybrid
Type 1
specific
Citrus paradisi X Citrus maxima
37656
Grass pea
Type 1
specific
Lathyrus sativus
3860
Green apple
Type 1
Green bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus vulgaris
3885
0.350175
0.7
0.0
mg/100 g
Green bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Green cabbage
Type 1
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L.
Green grape
Type 1
Green lentil
Type 1
Lens culinaris
Green onion
Type 1
Green plum
Type 1
Green tea
Type 1
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Green vegetables
Unknown
generic
Green zucchini
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Greenland halibut/turbot
Type 1
specific
Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
111784
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Greenthread tea
Type 1
specific
Thelesperma
153159
Groundcherry
Type 1
specific
Physalis
24663
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Guarana
Type 1
Paullinia cupana
Guava
Type 1
specific
Psidium guajava
120290
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Haddock
Type 1
specific
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
8056
1.666667
5.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Half-highbush blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosum
934696
Hard wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum durum
4567
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Hawthorn
Type 1
Crataegus
Hazelnut
Type 1
specific
Corylus
13450
2.0
2.0
2.0
mg/100 g
Heart of palm
Type 1
specific
Hedge mustard
Type 1
specific
Sisymbrium
3729
Herbal tea
Type 1
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Herbs and Spices
Unknown
generic
Hibiscus tea
Type 1
specific
Hibiscus sabbariffa
183260
Hickory nut
Type 1
specific
Carya
13402
Highbush blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium corymbosum
69266
Honey
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Horned melon
Type 2
specific
Cucumis metuliferus
61886
Horseradish
Type 1
specific
Armoracia rusticana
3704
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Horseradish tree
Type 1
specific
Moringa oleifera
3735
Hot chocolate
Type 2
specific
1.7
2.0
1.4
mg/100 g
Hyacinth bean
Type 1
specific
Lablab purpureus
35936
Hyssop
Type 1
specific
Hyssopus officinalis
39324
Ice cream
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Iceberg lettuce
Type 1
Irish moss
Type 1
specific
Chondrus crispus
2769
Italian oregano
Type 1
specific
Origanum X majoricum
1384207
Italian sweet red pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Jackfruit
Type 1
specific
Artocarpus heterophyllus
3489
Jalapeno pepper
Type 1
Capsicum annuum 'Jalapeño'
Japanese chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea crenata
103480
Japanese persimmon
Type 1
specific
Diospyros kaki
35925
Japanese pumpkin
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita maxima
3661
0.00085
0.0017
0.0
mg/100 g
Japanese walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans ailanthifolia
91209
Java plum
Type 1
specific
Syzygium cumini
260142
Jerusalem artichoke
Type 1
specific
Helianthus tuberosus
4233
0.47
0.47
0.47
mg/100 g
Jew's ear
Type 1
specific
Auricularia auricula-judae
29892
Jicama
Type 1
specific
Pachyrhizus erosus
109171
Jostaberry
Type 1
specific
Ribes × nidigrolaria
Jujube
Type 1
specific
Ziziphus zizyphus
48393
Juniperus communis
Type 1
Juniperus communis
Jute
Type 1
specific
Corchorus olitorius
93759
Kai-lan
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
3714
Kale
Type 1
specific
Brassica napus var. pabularia
21.6
36.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Kefir
Type 2
specific
3.5
3.5
3.5
mg/100 g
Kelp
Type 1
specific
Laminaria
33637
Ketchup
Type 2
specific
0.75
1.5
0.0
mg/100 g
Kiwi
Type 1
specific
Actinidia chinensis
3625
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Kohlrabi
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes
109379
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Komatsuna
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. perviridis
344680
Kombu
Type 1
specific
Saccharina japonica
88149
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Kumquat
Type 1
specific
Fortunella
2706
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Lake trout
Type 1
specific
Salvelinus namaycush
8040
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Lambsquarters
Type 1
specific
Chenopodium album
3559
Lantern fruit
Type 1
Physalis alkekengi
Lard
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Leavening agent
Type 2
specific
65.0
200.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Leek
Type 1
specific
Allium porrum
1.4
1.4
1.4
mg/100 g
Lemon
Type 1
specific
Citrus limon
2708
0.266667
0.5
0.0
mg/100 g
Lemon balm
Type 1
specific
Melissa officinalis
39338
Lemon grass
Type 1
specific
Cymbopogon citratus
66014
Lemon sole
Type 1
specific
Microstomus kitt
106175
3.733333
5.0
1.2
mg/100 g
Lemon thyme
Type 1
specific
Thymus pulegioides
751873
Lemon verbena
Type 1
specific
Aloysia triphylla
542672
Lentils
Type 1
generic
Lens culinaris
3864
1.466667
13.2
0.0
mg/100 g
Lettuce
Type 1
specific
Lactuca sativa
4236
0.175
0.7
0.0
mg/100 g
Lichee
Type 1
specific
Litchi chinensis
151069
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Lima bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus lunatus
3884
Lime
Type 1
specific
Citrus aurantiifolia
159033
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Linden
Type 1
specific
Tilia
64580
Lingonberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
180772
1.2
2.4
0.0
mg/100 g
Liquor
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Liquorice
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Loganberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus loganobaccus
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Longan
Type 1
specific
Dimocarpus longan
128017
Loquat
Type 1
specific
Eriobotrya japonica
32224
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Lotus
Type 1
specific
Nelumbo
4430
Lovage
Type 1
specific
Levisticum officinale
48042
Lowbush blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium angustifolium
472369
Lumpsucker
Type 1
specific
Cyclopteridae
8101
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Lupine
Type 1
specific
Lupinus
3869
Macadamia nut
Type 1
specific
Macadamia
4329
Macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla)
Type 1
specific
Macadamia tetraphylla
512563
Madeira wine
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Maitake
Type 1
specific
Grifola frondosa
5627
Malabar plum
Type 1
specific
Syzygium jambos
334483
Malabar spinach
Type 1
specific
Basella alba
3589
Malus (Crab apple)
Type 1
specific
Malus
3749
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Mamey sapote
Type 1
specific
Pouteria sapota
233744
Mammee apple
Type 1
specific
Mammea americana
198777
Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine)
Type 1
specific
Citrus reticulata
85571
0.8
0.8
0.8
mg/100 g
Mango
Type 1
specific
Mangifera indica
29780
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Margarine
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Margarine-like spread
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Marine mussel
Type 1
specific
Mytilidae
6547
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Marshmallow
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Marzipan
Type 2
specific
0.15
0.3
0.0
mg/100 g
Mate
Type 1
Ilex paraguariensis
Meat bouillon
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Meatball
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Medlar
Type 1
specific
Mespilus germanica
36616
Mentha
Type 1
specific
Mentha
21819
Meringue
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Mexican groundcherry
Type 1
specific
Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata
374021
Mexican oregano
Type 1
specific
Lippia graveolens
Mikan
Type 1
Citrus unshiu
Milk (Cow)
Type 2
specific
0.450387
2.0
0.001
mg/100 g
Milk (Human)
Type 2
specific
0.233333
0.7
0.0
mg/100 g
Milk (Other mammals)
Type 2
specific
2.0
2.0
2.0
mg/100 g
Millet
Type 1
specific
Panicum miliaceum
4540
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Miso
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Mixed nuts
Type 2
specific
Monk fruit
Type 1
Siraitia grosvenorii
Morchella (Morel)
Type 1
specific
Morchellaceae
5192
Moth bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna aconitifolia
3918
Mountain hare
Type 1
specific
Lepus timidus
62621
0.1
0.1
0.1
mg/100 g
Mountain yam
Type 1
specific
Dioscorea pentaphylla
167592
Mugwort
Type 1
specific
Artemisia vulgaris
4220
Mulberry
Type 1
specific
Morus
3497
Mundu
Type 1
Garcinia dulcis
Mung bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna radiata
157791
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Muscadine grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis rotundifolia
103349
Muskmelon
Type 1
specific
Cucumis melo
3656
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Mustard
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Mustard spinach
Type 1
specific
Brassica perviridis
Nance
Type 1
specific
Byrsonima crassifolia
4270
Nanking cherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus tomentosa
105667
Napa cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. pekinensis
51351
Naranjilla
Type 1
specific
Solanum quitoense
227725
Narrowleaf cattail
Type 1
specific
Typha angustifolia
59011
Natal plum
Type 1
specific
Carissa macrocarpa
403101
Nectarine
Type 1
specific
Prunus persica var. nucipersica
323851
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
New Zealand spinach
Type 1
specific
Tetragonia tetragonioides
45318
Nopal
Type 1
specific
Opuntia cochenillifera
338184
Northern pike
Type 1
specific
Esox lucius
8010
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Norway haddock
Type 1
specific
Sebastes viviparus
394708
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Norway lobster
Type 1
specific
Nephrops norvegicus
6829
5.0
5.0
5.0
mg/100 g
Norway pout
Type 1
specific
Trisopterus esmarkii
80723
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Nougat
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Nutmeg
Type 1
specific
Myristica fragrans
51089
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Nuts
Unknown
generic
Oat
Type 1
specific
Avena sativa
4498
12.675178
19.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Oat bread
Type 2
specific
Ohelo berry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium reticulatum
180767
Oil palm
Type 1
specific
Elaeis
51952
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Oil-seed Camellia
Type 1
specific
Camellia oleifera
385388
Okra
Type 1
specific
Abelmoschus esculentus
455045
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Olive
Type 1
specific
Olea europaea
4146
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Onion-family vegetables
Unknown
generic
Opium poppy
Type 1
specific
Papaver somniferum
3469
Orange bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Orange mint
Type 1
specific
Mentha aquatica
190902
Oregon yampah
Type 1
specific
Perideridia oregana
234866
Oriental wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum turanicum
376534
Ostrich fern
Type 1
specific
Matteuccia struthiopteris
3277
Other alcoholic beverage
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Other animal fat
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Other bread
Type 2
specific
2.766667
5.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Other bread product
Type 2
specific
3.1
6.2
0.0
mg/100 g
Other candy
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Other cereal product
Type 2
specific
Other dish
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Other fermented milk
Type 2
specific
3.5
3.5
3.5
mg/100 g
Other fish product
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Other frozen dessert
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Other fruit product
Type 2
specific
0.631
0.631
0.631
mg/100 g
Other snack food
Type 2
specific
6.566667
9.6
1.4
mg/100 g
Other soy product
Type 2
specific
Oval-leaf huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium ovalifolium
190544
Oxheart cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. conica
Oyster mushroom
Type 1
specific
Pleurotus ostreatus
5322
41.0
41.0
41.0
mg/100 g
Pacific ocean perch
Type 1
specific
Sebastes alutus
72055
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pak choy
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. chinensis
93385
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Papaya
Type 1
specific
Carica papaya
3649
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Parsley
Type 1
specific
Petroselinum crispum
4043
0.2
0.4
0.0
mg/100 g
Parsnip
Type 1
specific
Pastinaca sativa
4041
0.1
0.1
0.1
mg/100 g
Partridge berry
Type 1
Mitchella repens
Passion fruit
Type 1
specific
Passiflora edulis
78168
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pasta
Type 2
specific
0.4
1.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pastry
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pate
Type 2
specific
27.0
27.0
27.0
mg/100 g
Pea shoots
Type 1
Peach
Type 1
specific
Prunus persica
3760
0.133333
0.2
0.0
mg/100 g
Peach (var.)
Type 1
specific
Prunus persica var. persica
323852
Peanut
Type 1
specific
Arachis hypogaea
3818
37.0
114.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pear
Type 1
specific
Pyrus communis
23211
0.05
0.1
0.0
mg/100 g
Pecan nut
Type 1
specific
Carya illinoinensis
32201
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
0.423077
5.5
0.0
mg/100 g
Pepper (C. baccatum)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum
165788
Pepper (C. chinense)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum chinense
80379
Pepper (C. frutescens)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum var. annuum
40321
Pepper (C. pubescens)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum pubescens
113210
Pepper (Capsicum)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum
4071
Pepper (Spice)
Type 1
specific
Piper nigrum
13216
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Peppermint
Type 1
specific
Mentha X piperita
34256
Perciformes
Type 1
specific
Perciformes
8111
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Persian lime
Type 1
specific
Citrus latifolia
200541
Persimmon
Type 1
specific
Diospyros
13492
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pigeon pea
Type 1
specific
Cajanus cajan
3821
Pikeperch
Type 1
specific
Sander lucioperca
283035
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Piki bread
Type 2
specific
Pili nut
Type 1
specific
Canarium ovatum
43691
Pine nut
Type 1
specific
Pinus
3337
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pineapple
Type 1
specific
Ananas comosus
4615
0.042857
0.3
0.0
mg/100 g
Pineappple sage
Type 1
specific
Salvia elegans
888065
Pistachio
Type 1
specific
Pistacia vera
55513
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pita bread
Type 2
specific
Pitanga
Type 1
specific
Eugenia uniflora
119951
Pitaya
Type 1
Hylocereus undatus
Pizza
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Plains prickly pear
Type 1
specific
Opuntia macrorhiza
1041245
Plantain
Type 1
Musa × paradisiaca
Pleuronectidae (Dab, Halibut, Plaice)
Type 1
specific
Pleuronectidae
8256
0.4
1.2
0.0
mg/100 g
Pollock
Type 1
specific
Pollachius
8059
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pomegranate
Type 1
specific
Punica granatum
22663
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pomes
Unknown
generic
Poppy
Type 1
specific
Papaver
3468
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Port wine
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Pot marjoram
Type 1
specific
Origanum onites
452416
Potato
Type 1
specific
Solanum tuberosum
4113
0.275909
1.5
0.0
mg/100 g
Potato bread
Type 2
specific
Prairie turnip
Type 1
specific
Pediomelum esculentum
458363
Prickly pear
Type 1
specific
Opuntia
106975
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Prunus (Cherry, Plum)
Type 1
specific
Prunus
3754
0.1
0.4
0.0
mg/100 g
Pulses
Unknown
generic
Pummelo
Type 1
specific
Citrus maxima
37334
Purple laver
Type 1
specific
Porphyra laciniata
Purple mangosteen
Type 1
specific
Garcinia mangostana
58228
Purslane
Type 1
specific
Portulaca oleracea
46147
Quince
Type 1
specific
Cydonia oblonga
36610
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Quinoa
Type 1
specific
Chenopodium quinoa
63459
Rabbit
Type 1
specific
Leporidae
9979
1.0
1.0
1.0
mg/100 g
Rabbiteye blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium virgatum
Radish
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus
3726
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Radish (var.)
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus var. sativus
240228
Rainbow trout
Type 1
specific
Oncorhynchus mykiss
8022
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Raisin bread
Type 2
specific
Rambutan
Type 1
specific
Nephelium lappaceum
151071
Rape
Type 1
specific
Brassica napus var. napus
138011
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Rapini
Type 1
specific
Brassica ruvo
1204434
Red algae
Type 1
specific
Rhodophyta
2763
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Red beetroot
Type 1
specific
Beta vulgaris var. rubra
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Red bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Red clover
Type 1
Trifolium pratense
Red grape
Type 1
Red huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium parvifolium
180766
Red onion
Type 1
Red raspberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus idaeus
32247
Red rice
Type 1
specific
Oryza rufipogon
4529
Red tea
Type 1
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Redcurrant
Type 1
specific
Ribes rubrum
175228
0.65
2.6
0.0
mg/100 g
Remoulade
Type 2
specific
0.1
0.2
0.0
mg/100 g
Rice
Type 1
specific
Oryza sativa
4530
1.625
3.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Rice bread
Type 2
specific
Robusta coffee
Type 1
specific
Coffea canephora
49390
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Rock ptarmigan
Type 1
specific
Lagopus muta
64668
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Rocket salad
Type 1
specific
Eruca vesicaria
180536
Rocket salad (ssp.)
Type 1
specific
Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa
29727
Romaine lettuce
Type 1
specific
Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Roman camomile
Type 1
specific
Chamaemelum nobile
99037
Root vegetables
Unknown
generic
Rose hip
Type 1
specific
Rosa
3764
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Roselle
Type 1
specific
Hibiscus sabdariffa
183260
Rosemary
Type 1
specific
Rosmarinus officinalis
39367
Rowal
Type 1
specific
Pangium edule
112823
Rowanberry
Type 1
specific
Sorbus aucuparia
36599
Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry)
Type 1
specific
Rubus
23216
0.857143
1.9
0.0
mg/100 g
Rum
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Rye
Type 1
specific
Secale cereale
4550
2.9
6.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Rye bread
Type 2
specific
3.529412
8.3
0.0
mg/100 g
Sacred lotus
Type 1
specific
Nelumbo nucifera
4432
Safflower
Type 1
specific
Carthamus tinctorius
4222
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Saffron
Type 1
specific
Crocus sativus
82528
Sago palm
Type 1
specific
Metroxylon sagu
93297
Salad dressing
Type 2
specific
1.0
12.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Salmonberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus spectabilis
59499
Salmonidae (Salmon, Trout)
Type 1
specific
Salmonidae
8015
2.727273
5.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Salt
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Sapodilla
Type 1
specific
Manilkara zapota
3741
Saskatoon berry
Type 1
specific
Amelanchier alnifolia
32219
0.02
0.02
0.02
mg/100 g
Sauce
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Sausage
Type 2
specific
3.788235
9.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Savoy cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda
1216010
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Scarlet bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus coccineus
3886
Scombridae (Bonito, Mackerel, Tuna)
Type 1
specific
Scombridae
8224
7.0
7.0
7.0
mg/100 g
Sea-buckthornberry
Type 1
specific
Hippophae rhamnoides
193516
Semolina
Type 2
specific
1.0
1.0
1.0
mg/100 g
Sesame
Type 1
specific
Sesamum orientale
4182
0.000857
0.006
0.0
mg/100 g
Sesbania flower
Type 1
specific
Sesbania bispinosa
485725
Shallot
Type 1
specific
Allium ascalonicum
1476995
Shea tree
Type 1
specific
Vitellaria paradoxa
292385
Sheep (Mutton, Lamb)
Type 1
specific
Ovis aries
9940
1.222222
3.0
1.0
mg/100 g
Sherry
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Shiitake
Type 1
specific
Lentinus edodes
5353
Shrimp
Type 1
specific
Caridea
6694
0.666667
1.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Silver linden
Type 1
specific
Tilia argentea
Skunk currant
Type 1
specific
Ribes glandulosum
175226
Small-leaf linden
Type 1
specific
Tilia cordata
172266
Snail
Type 1
specific
Gastropoda
6448
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Soft drink
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Soft-necked garlic
Type 1
specific
Allium sativum L. var. sativum
4682
2.2
2.2
2.2
mg/100 g
Sorghum
Type 1
specific
Sorghum bicolor
4558
Sorrel
Type 1
specific
Rumex acetosa
41241
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Soup
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Sour cherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus cerasus
140311
Sour orange
Type 1
Citrus × aurantium
Sourdock
Type 1
specific
Rumex articus
395311
Sourdough
Type 2
specific
Soursop
Type 1
specific
Annona muricata
13337
Soy bean
Type 1
specific
Glycine max
3847
10.972727
60.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Soy cream
Type 2
specific
Soy milk
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Soy sauce
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Sparkleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium arboreum
229201
Spearmint
Type 1
specific
Mentha spicata
29719
Spelt
Type 1
specific
Triticum spelta
58933
Spinach
Type 1
specific
Spinacia oleracea
3562
1.6
1.6
1.6
mg/100 g
Spiny dogfish
Type 1
specific
Squalus acanthias
7797
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Spirit
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Spirulina
Type 1
specific
Spirulina
551299
Squashberry
Type 1
specific
Viburnum edule
237934
Star anise
Type 1
specific
Illicium verum
124778
Star fruit
Type 1
specific
Averrhoa carambola
28974
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Strawberry
Type 1
specific
Fragaria X ananassa
3747
0.4875
1.8
0.0
mg/100 g
Strawberry guava
Type 1
specific
Psidium cattleianum
375274
Sturgeon
Type 1
specific
Acipenseridae
7900
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Sugar
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Sugar apple
Type 1
specific
Annona squamosa
301693
Sugar substitute
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Summer grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis aestivalis
3605
Summer savory
Type 1
specific
Satureja hortensis
49987
Sunburst squash (pattypan squash)
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Sunflower
Type 1
specific
Helianthus annuus
4232
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Swamp cabbage
Type 1
specific
Ipomoea aquatica
89636
Swede
Type 1
specific
Brassica napus
3708
0.1
0.1
0.1
mg/100 g
Sweet basil
Type 1
specific
Ocimum basilicum
39350
Sweet bay
Type 1
specific
Laurus nobilis
85223
Sweet cherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus avium
42229
Sweet marjoram
Type 1
specific
Origanum majorana
268884
Sweet orange
Type 1
specific
Citrus sinensis
2711
0.593333
0.89
0.0
mg/100 g
Sweet potato
Type 1
specific
Ipomoea batatas
4120
0.1175
0.47
0.0
mg/100 g
Sweet rowanberry
Type 1
specific
Grataegosorbus mitschurinii
Swiss chard
Type 1
specific
Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla
1527200
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Syrup
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Taco shell
Type 2
Tallow
Type 2
specific
0.5
1.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Tamarind
Type 1
specific
Tamarindus indica
58860
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Taro
Type 1
specific
Colocasia esculenta
4460
Tarragon
Type 1
specific
Artemisia dracunculus
72341
Tartary buckwheat
Type 1
specific
Fagopyrum tataricum
62330
Tea
Type 1
specific
Camellia sinensis
4442
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Tea leaf willow
Type 1
specific
Salix pulchra
669814
Teff
Type 1
specific
Eragrostis tef
110835
Thistle
Type 1
specific
Cirsium
41549
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Thunnus
Type 1
specific
Thunnus
8234
2.625
3.0
1.5
mg/100 g
Tinda
Type 1
specific
Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus
Toffee
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Tofu
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Tortilla
Type 2
specific
Tostada shell
Type 2
Towel gourd
Type 1
specific
Luffa aegyptiaca
3670
Tree fern
Type 1
specific
Cyathea
Triticale
Type 1
specific
X Triticosecale rimpaui
Tronchuda cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. costata
416546
True frog
Type 1
specific
Ranidae
8397
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
True oyster
Type 1
specific
Ostreidae
6563
41.0
41.0
41.0
mg/100 g
True seal
Type 1
specific
Phocidae
9709
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
True sole
Type 1
specific
Soleidae
30948
1.2
1.2
1.2
mg/100 g
Turbot
Type 1
specific
Scophthalmus maximus
52904
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Turkey
Type 1
specific
Meleagris gallopavo
9103
1.9
2.0
1.6
mg/100 g
Turmeric
Type 1
specific
Curcuma longa
136217
Turnip
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. rapa
51350
0.1
0.1
0.1
mg/100 g
Ucuhuba
Type 1
specific
Virola surinamensis
224910
Unclassified food or beverage
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Vaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry)
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium
13749
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Vanilla
Type 1
specific
Vanilla
51238
Vegetable juice
Type 2
specific
0.58
0.58
0.58
mg/100 g
Vermouth
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Vinegar
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Vodka
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Wakame
Type 1
specific
Undaria pinnatifida
74381
Walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans
16718
6.333333
19.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Wampee
Type 1
Clausena lansium
Wasabi
Type 1
specific
Wasabia japonica
75806
Water
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Water spinach
Type 1
Ipomoea aquatica
Watercress
Type 1
specific
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
135518
0.4
0.4
0.4
mg/100 g
Watermelon
Type 1
specific
Citrullus lanatus
3654
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Wax apple
Type 1
specific
Eugenia javanica
119950
Wax gourd
Type 1
specific
Benincasa hispida
102211
Welsh onion
Type 1
specific
Allium fistulosum
35875
Wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum
4564
2.96875
24.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Wheat bread
Type 2
specific
1.489474
6.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Whey
Type 2
specific
0.5
1.5
0.0
mg/100 g
Whisky
Type 2
specific
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
White bread
Type 1
5.0
5.0
5.0
mg/100 g
White cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.
1.2
1.2
1.2
mg/100 g
White lupine
Type 1
specific
Lupinus albus
3870
White mulberry
Type 1
Morus alba
White mustard
Type 1
specific
Sinapis alba
3728
Whitefish
Type 1
specific
Coregonus
27772
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Whiting
Type 1
specific
Merlangius merlangus
8058
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Wild carrot
Type 1
specific
Daucus carota
4039
Wild celery
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens
4045
0.1
0.1
0.1
mg/100 g
Wild leek
Type 1
specific
Allium ampeloprasum
4681
Wild rice
Type 1
specific
Zizania
15949
Winged bean
Type 1
specific
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
3891
Winter savory
Type 1
specific
Satureja montana
49988
Winter squash
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita maxima
3661
Wonton wrapper
Type 2
specific
Yali pear
Type 1
specific
Pyrus × bretschneideri
Yam
Type 1
specific
Dioscorea
4672
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Yardlong bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
138955
Yau choy
Type 1
Yautia
Type 1
specific
Xanthosoma sagittifolium
28478
Yellow bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Yellow pond-lily
Type 1
specific
Nuphar lutea
77113
Yellow wax bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus vulgaris
3885
Yellow zucchini
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica
0.0
0.0
0.0
mg/100 g
Ymer
Type 2
specific
2.6
3.5
1.7
mg/100 g
Yogurt
Type 2
specific
2.765
3.5
0.0
mg/100 g
Zwieback
Type 2
specific
Biotin--protein ligase
P50747
HLCS
Biotinidase
P43251
BTD
Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial
Q9HCC0
MCCC2
Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
Q96RQ3
MCCC1
Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain, mitochondrial
P05165
PCCA
Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial
P05166
PCCB
anti alopecic
104
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
anti dermatitic
225
A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
anti neuralgic
469
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.
anti seborrheic
600
Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.