1.02011-09-21 00:09:12 UTC2015-07-21 06:57:01 UTCFDB022150ChondroitinChondroitin is a mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. Chondrin is a gelatin-like protein-carbohydrate substance that can be obtained by boiling cartilage in water. Cartilage is a connective tissue that contains cells embedded in a matrix of chondrin. Chondroitin is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars (N-acetyl-galactosamine and glucuronic acid). It is usually found attached to proteins as part of a proteoglycan. A chondroitin chain can have over 100 individual sugars, each of which can be sulfated in variable positions and quantities. The structure depicted in this MetaboCard is simply a disaccharide component of the chontroitin subunit. Chondroitin's functions largely depend on the properties of the overall proteoglycan of which it is a part. These functions can be broadly divided into structural and regulatory roles. However, this division is not absolute and some proteoglycans have both structural and regulatory roles. Chondroitin is an ingredient found commonly in dietary supplements used as an alternative medicine to treat osteoarthritis. It is commonly sold together with glucosamine. The dosage of oral chondroitin used in human clinical trials is 800-1200 mg per day. Most chondroitin appears to be made from extracts of cartilaginous cow and pig tissues (cow trachea and pig ear and nose), but other sources such as shark, fish and bird cartilage are also used. Since chondroitin is not a uniform substance, and is naturally present in a wide variety of forms, the precise composition of each supplement will vary. While it is a prescription or over-the-counter drug in 22 countries, chondroitin is regulated in the U.S. as a food product by the Food and Drug Administration. As a result, there are no mandatory standards for formulation, and no guarantee that the product is correctly labelled. [HMDB](2R,3R,4S)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid4-Deoxy-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminechondroitin disaccharideChondroitin-D-glucuronateUnsaturated chondroitin disaccharideC14H21NO11379.3166379.1114605199007-27-6CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1OC(=C[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)=OInChI=1S/C14H21NO11/c1-4(17)15-8-11(10(20)7(3-16)24-13(8)23)26-14-9(19)5(18)2-6(25-14)12(21)22/h2,5,7-11,13-14,16,18-20,23H,3H2,1H3,(H,15,17)(H,21,22)/t5-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,13-,14?/m1/s1DLGJWSVWTWEWBJ-HGGSSLSASA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acylaminosugars. These are organic compounds containing a sugar linked to a chain through N-acyl group.AcylaminosugarsOrganic compoundsOrganic oxygen compoundsOrganooxygen compoundsCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugatesAliphatic heteromonocyclic compoundsAcetalsAcetamidesCarbonyl compoundsCarboxylic acidsDisaccharidesHemiacetalsHydrocarbon derivativesMonocarboxylic acids and derivativesN-acyl-alpha-hexosaminesOrganic oxidesOrganonitrogen compoundsOrganopnictogen compoundsOxacyclic compoundsOxanesPrimary alcoholsSecondary alcoholsSecondary carboxylic acid amidesAcetalAcetamideAcylaminosugarAlcoholAliphatic heteromonocyclic compoundCarbonyl groupCarboxamide groupCarboxylic acidCarboxylic acid derivativeDisaccharideHemiacetalHydrocarbon derivativeMonocarboxylic acid or derivativesN-acyl-alpha-hexosamineOrganic nitrogen compoundOrganic oxideOrganoheterocyclic compoundOrganonitrogen compoundOrganopnictogen compoundOxacycleOxanePrimary alcoholSecondary alcoholSecondary carboxylic acid amideSolidaverage_mass379.3166mono_mass379.111460519smilesCC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1OC(=C[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)=OformulaC14H21NO11inchiInChI=1S/C14H21NO11/c1-4(17)15-8-11(10(20)7(3-16)24-13(8)23)26-14-9(19)5(18)2-6(25-14)12(21)22/h2,5,7-11,13-14,16,18-20,23H,3H2,1H3,(H,15,17)(H,21,22)/t5-,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,13-,14?/m1/s1inchikeyDLGJWSVWTWEWBJ-HGGSSLSASA-NSpecdb::CMs16595Specdb::CMs37661Specdb::MsMs302662Specdb::MsMs302663Specdb::MsMs302664Specdb::MsMs345442Specdb::MsMs345443Specdb::MsMs345444HMDB0062916137#<Reference:0x0000555675a2fb68>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2f9b0>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2f6b8>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2f4d8>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2f320>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2f168>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2efb0>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2edf8>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2ec40>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2ea88>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2e8d0>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2e718>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2e538>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2e268>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2e0b0>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2def8>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2dcf0>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2db10>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2d958>#<Reference:0x0000555675a2d7a0>AnatidaeType 1specificAnatidae8830BeefaloType 1specificBos taurus X Bison bison297284BisonType 1specificBison bison9901BuffaloType 1specificBubalus bubalis89462Cattle (Beef, Veal)Type 1specificBos taurus9913ChickenType 1specificGallus gallus9031Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon)Type 1specificColumbidae8930DeerType 1specificCervidae9850Domestic goatType 1specificCapra aegagrus hircus9925Domestic pigType 1specificSus scrofa domestica9825ElkType 1specificCervus canadensis1574408EmuType 1specificDromaius novaehollandiae8790European rabbitType 1specificOryctolagus9984Greylag gooseType 1specificAnser anser8843Guinea henType 1specificNumida meleagris8996HorseType 1specificEquus caballus9796Mallard duckType 1specificAnas platyrhynchos8839Mountain hareType 1specificLepus timidus62621Mule deerType 1specificOdocoileus9871OstrichType 1specificStruthio camelus8801PheasantType 1specificPhasianus colchicus9054QuailType 1specificPhasianidae9005RabbitType 1specificLeporidae9979Rock ptarmiganType 1specificLagopus muta64668Sheep (Mutton, Lamb)Type 1specificOvis aries9940SquabType 1specificColumba8931TurkeyType 1specificMeleagris gallopavo9103Velvet duckType 1specificMelanitta fusca371864Wild boarType 1specificSus scrofa9823Beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3Q6L9W6B4GALNT3Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11Q9NPF2CHST11Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12Q9NRB3CHST12Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 13Q8NET6CHST13Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15Q7LFX5CHST15Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3Q7LGC8CHST3Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 7Q9NS84CHST7Dermatan-sulfate epimeraseQ9UL01DSENeurocan core proteinO14594NCAN