Record Information |
---|
Version | 1.0 |
---|
Creation date | 2011-09-21 00:10:33 UTC |
---|
Update date | 2015-10-09 22:28:43 UTC |
---|
Primary ID | FDB022227 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available |
---|
Chemical Information |
---|
FooDB Name | Glycogen |
---|
Description | Glycogen is a highly-branched polymer of about 30,000 glucose residues and has a molecular weight between 106 and 107 daltons (4.8 million approx.). Most of Glc units are linked by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, approximately 1 in 12 Glc residues also makes -1,6 glycosidic bond with a second Glc which results in the creation of a branch. Glycogen only has one reducing end and a large number of non-reducing ends with a free hydroxyl group at carbon 4. The glycogen granules contain both glycogen and the enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) and degradation (glycogenolysis). The enzymes are nested between the outer branches of the glycogen molecules and act on the non-reducing ends. Therefore, the many non-reducing end-branches of glycogen facilitate its rapid synthesis and breakdown.
In hypoglycemia caused by excessive insulin, liver glycogen levels are high, but the high insulin level prevents the glycogenolysis necessary to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon is a common treatment for this type of hypoglycemia.
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose (Glc) in animal and human cells. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol in many cell types. Hepatocytes (liver cells) have the highest concentration of it - up to 8% of the fresh weight in well fed state, or 100 to 120 g in an adult - giving liver a distinctive, 'starchy taste'. In the muscles, glycogen is found in a much lower concentration (1% of the muscle mass), but the total amount exceeds that in liver. Small amounts of glycogen are found in the kidneys, and even smaller amounts in certain glial cells in the brain and white blood cells. [HMDB] |
---|
CAS Number | 9005-79-2 |
---|
Structure | |
---|
Synonyms | |
---|
Predicted Properties | |
---|
Chemical Formula | C24H42O21 |
---|
IUPAC name | (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-2-({[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C24H42O21/c25-1-5-9(28)11(30)16(35)22(41-5)39-4-8-20(45-23-17(36)12(31)10(29)6(2-26)42-23)14(33)18(37)24(43-8)44-19-7(3-27)40-21(38)15(34)13(19)32/h5-38H,1-4H2/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21+,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1 |
---|
InChI Key | BYSGBSNPRWKUQH-UJDJLXLFSA-N |
---|
Isomeric SMILES | OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]3CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O |
---|
Average Molecular Weight | 666.5777 |
---|
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 666.221858406 |
---|
Classification |
---|
Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
---|
Class | Organooxygen compounds |
---|
Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
---|
Direct Parent | Oligosaccharides |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - Oligosaccharide
- O-glycosyl compound
- Glycosyl compound
- Oxane
- Secondary alcohol
- Hemiacetal
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Polyol
- Acetal
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | |
---|
Ontology |
---|
|
Disposition | Source: Biological location: |
---|
Role | Biological role: |
---|
Physico-Chemical Properties |
---|
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental | |
---|
Spectra |
---|
Spectra | |
---|
EI-MS/GC-MS | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
---|
Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_4, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_5, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_6, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_7, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_8, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_9, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_10, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_11, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_12, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_13, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_1_14, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_4, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_5, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_6, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_7, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_8, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_9, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_10, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Glycogen, TMS_2_11, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum |
|
---|
MS/MS | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
---|
Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-000b-0401739000-7d2f2aaa7732e23ef9fe | 2015-09-15 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-000i-0505921000-56fc10eb2d6cb63bc487 | 2015-09-15 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-0043-1906412000-81ae228fd873321b008c | 2015-09-15 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-0gbj-0400339000-de452d5dddd55d2855ff | 2015-09-15 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-004s-3901435000-bc5da17144e98986d7b1 | 2015-09-15 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-004i-4839321000-4dfca4172b8470e37b09 | 2015-09-15 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-066r-0100029000-b6e0ee6c4d7da972d403 | 2021-09-23 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-0cfr-8200197000-418a1a524982d51ac37c | 2021-09-23 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-052o-9112031000-54aa8775ffd121394c79 | 2021-09-23 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-014j-0000219000-3e1e676b7e59ddc5e400 | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-0ap1-1202269000-46a5b5753a69d2459f1c | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-00mp-9105250000-f7a96871cd5435e63e92 | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum |
|
---|
NMR | Type | Description | | View |
---|
1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental) | | Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum |
|
---|
External Links |
---|
ChemSpider ID | 388322 |
---|
ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
---|
KEGG Compound ID | C00182 |
---|
Pubchem Compound ID | 439177 |
---|
Pubchem Substance ID | Not Available |
---|
ChEBI ID | 28087 |
---|
Phenol-Explorer ID | Not Available |
---|
DrugBank ID | Not Available |
---|
HMDB ID | HMDB00757 |
---|
CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID | Not Available |
---|
EAFUS ID | Not Available |
---|
Dr. Duke ID | Not Available |
---|
BIGG ID | Not Available |
---|
KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
---|
HET ID | Not Available |
---|
Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
---|
VMH ID | Not Available |
---|
Flavornet ID | Not Available |
---|
GoodScent ID | Not Available |
---|
SuperScent ID | Not Available |
---|
Wikipedia ID | Glycogen |
---|
Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID | Not Available |
---|
Duplicate IDS | Not Available |
---|
Old DFC IDS | Not Available |
---|
Associated Foods |
---|
|
Biological Effects and Interactions |
---|
Health Effects / Bioactivities | Not Available |
---|
Enzymes | |
---|
Pathways | |
---|
Metabolism | Not Available |
---|
Biosynthesis | Not Available |
---|
Organoleptic Properties |
---|
Flavours | Not Available |
---|
Files |
---|
MSDS | show |
---|
References |
---|
Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
---|
General Reference | Not Available |
---|
Content Reference | |
---|