1.02011-09-21 00:25:26 UTC2019-11-26 03:21:07 UTCFDB023153PyrimidinePyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring. Pyrimidines are heterocyclic, six-membered, nitrogen-containing carbon ring structures, with uracil, cytosine and thymine being the basal structures of ribose-containing nucleosides (uridine, cytidine and thymidine respectively), or deoxyribose-containing deoxynucleosides, and their corresponding ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. Pyrimidines serve essential functions in human metabolism as ribonucleotide bases in RNA (uracil and cytosine), and as deoxyribonucleotide bases in DNA (cytosine and thymine), and are linked by phosphodiester bridges to purine nucleotides in double-stranded DNA, in both the nucleus and the mitochondria. Pyrimidine activated sugars are also involved in polysaccharide and phospholipid synthesis, glucuronidation in detoxification processes, glycosylation of proteins and lipids and in the recently identified novel endothelium-derived vasoactive dinucleotides.
Pyrimidines are synthesized de novo from simple precursors. Synthesis occurs in six steps, with cellular compartmentalization of specific steps in the cytosol or mitochondria, enabling changes in metabolic rate with need. Pyrimidine synthesis differs from purine synthesis, in that the single pyrimidine ring is assembled first and is then linked to ribose phosphate to form UMP. The enzymes that catalyse UMP synthesis, CAD [carbamoylphosphate synthetase II (CPSII), aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCasea) and dihydroorotase (DHOase)], dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS), are encoded by only three genes - CAD, DHODH and UMPS (chromosomal locations 2p21, 16q22 and 3q13, respectively). (PMID: 16098809) [HMDB]1,3-Diazabenzene1,3-Diazin1,3-DiazineM-diazineMetadiazineMiazinePYPYRPyrimidinpyrimidinePyrimidine basePyrimidine dimerC4H4N280.08880.037448138pyrimidinepyrimidine25247-63-6C1=CN=CN=C1InChI=1S/C4H4N2/c1-2-5-4-6-3-1/h1-4HCZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives are compounds containing a pyrimidne ring, which is a six-member aromatic heterocycle which consists of two nitrogen atoms (at positions 1 and 3) and four carbon atoms.Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivativesOrganic compoundsOrganoheterocyclic compoundsDiazinesPyrimidines and pyrimidine derivativesAromatic heteromonocyclic compoundsAzacyclic compoundsHeteroaromatic compoundsHydrocarbon derivativesOrganonitrogen compoundsOrganopnictogen compoundsAromatic heteromonocyclic compoundAzacycleHeteroaromatic compoundHydrocarbon derivativeOrganic nitrogen compoundOrganonitrogen compoundOrganopnictogen compoundPyrimidinea ringdiazinepyrimidinesLiquidlogp-0.21logs0.77solubility4.70e+02 g/llogp0.05pka_strongest_basic1.58iupacpyrimidineaverage_mass80.088mono_mass80.037448138smilesC1=CN=CN=C1formulaC4H4N2inchiInChI=1S/C4H4N2/c1-2-5-4-6-3-1/h1-4HinchikeyCZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-Npolar_surface_area25.78refractivity22.72polarizability7.62rotatable_bond_count0acceptor_count2donor_count0physiological_charge0formal_charge0Specdb::NmrTwoD1890Specdb::MsIr1948Specdb::MsIr1949Specdb::CMs16109Specdb::CMs136181Specdb::CMs143915Specdb::NmrOneD1957Specdb::NmrOneD135790Specdb::NmrOneD135791Specdb::NmrOneD135792Specdb::NmrOneD135793Specdb::NmrOneD135794Specdb::NmrOneD135795Specdb::NmrOneD135796Specdb::NmrOneD135797Specdb::NmrOneD135798Specdb::NmrOneD135799Specdb::NmrOneD135800Specdb::NmrOneD135801Specdb::NmrOneD135802Specdb::NmrOneD135803Specdb::NmrOneD135804Specdb::NmrOneD135805Specdb::NmrOneD135806Specdb::NmrOneD135807Specdb::NmrOneD135808Specdb::NmrOneD135809Specdb::MsMs2265Specdb::MsMs2266Specdb::MsMs2267Specdb::MsMs301735Specdb::MsMs301736Specdb::MsMs301737Specdb::MsMs344287Specdb::MsMs344288Specdb::MsMs344289Specdb::MsMs451866Specdb::MsMs2782372Specdb::MsMs2782373Specdb::MsMs2782374Specdb::MsMs2926048Specdb::MsMs2926049Specdb::MsMs2926050HMDB0336116898P1R#<Reference:0x0000555673abf508>AnatidaeType 1specificAnatidae8830BeefaloType 1specificBos taurus X Bison bison297284BisonType 1specificBison bison9901BuffaloType 1specificBubalus bubalis89462Cattle (Beef, Veal)Type 1specificBos taurus9913ChickenType 1specificGallus gallus9031Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon)Type 1specificColumbidae8930DeerType 1specificCervidae9850Domestic goatType 1specificCapra aegagrus hircus9925Domestic pigType 1specificSus scrofa domestica9825ElkType 1specificCervus canadensis1574408EmuType 1specificDromaius novaehollandiae8790European rabbitType 1specificOryctolagus9984Greylag gooseType 1specificAnser anser8843Guinea henType 1specificNumida meleagris8996HorseType 1specificEquus caballus9796Mallard duckType 1specificAnas platyrhynchos8839Milk (Cow)Type 2specificMountain hareType 1specificLepus timidus62621Mule deerType 1specificOdocoileus9871OstrichType 1specificStruthio camelus8801PheasantType 1specificPhasianus colchicus9054QuailType 1specificPhasianidae9005RabbitType 1specificLeporidae9979Rock ptarmiganType 1specificLagopus muta64668Sheep (Mutton, Lamb)Type 1specificOvis aries9940SquabType 1specificColumba8931TurkeyType 1specificMeleagris gallopavo9103Velvet duckType 1specificMelanitta fusca371864Wild boarType 1specificSus scrofa9823