1.0 2011-09-21 00:25:26 UTC 2019-11-26 03:21:07 UTC FDB023153 Pyrimidine Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring. Pyrimidines are heterocyclic, six-membered, nitrogen-containing carbon ring structures, with uracil, cytosine and thymine being the basal structures of ribose-containing nucleosides (uridine, cytidine and thymidine respectively), or deoxyribose-containing deoxynucleosides, and their corresponding ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides. Pyrimidines serve essential functions in human metabolism as ribonucleotide bases in RNA (uracil and cytosine), and as deoxyribonucleotide bases in DNA (cytosine and thymine), and are linked by phosphodiester bridges to purine nucleotides in double-stranded DNA, in both the nucleus and the mitochondria. Pyrimidine activated sugars are also involved in polysaccharide and phospholipid synthesis, glucuronidation in detoxification processes, glycosylation of proteins and lipids and in the recently identified novel endothelium-derived vasoactive dinucleotides. Pyrimidines are synthesized de novo from simple precursors. Synthesis occurs in six steps, with cellular compartmentalization of specific steps in the cytosol or mitochondria, enabling changes in metabolic rate with need. Pyrimidine synthesis differs from purine synthesis, in that the single pyrimidine ring is assembled first and is then linked to ribose phosphate to form UMP. The enzymes that catalyse UMP synthesis, CAD [carbamoylphosphate synthetase II (CPSII), aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCasea) and dihydroorotase (DHOase)], dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS), are encoded by only three genes - CAD, DHODH and UMPS (chromosomal locations 2p21, 16q22 and 3q13, respectively). (PMID: 16098809) [HMDB] 1,3-Diazabenzene 1,3-Diazin 1,3-Diazine M-diazine Metadiazine Miazine PY PYR Pyrimidin pyrimidine Pyrimidine base Pyrimidine dimer C4H4N2 80.088 80.037448138 pyrimidine pyrimidine 25247-63-6 C1=CN=CN=C1 InChI=1S/C4H4N2/c1-2-5-4-6-3-1/h1-4H CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives. Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives are compounds containing a pyrimidne ring, which is a six-member aromatic heterocycle which consists of two nitrogen atoms (at positions 1 and 3) and four carbon atoms. Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives Organic compounds Organoheterocyclic compounds Diazines Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds Azacyclic compounds Heteroaromatic compounds Hydrocarbon derivatives Organonitrogen compounds Organopnictogen compounds Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound Azacycle Heteroaromatic compound Hydrocarbon derivative Organic nitrogen compound Organonitrogen compound Organopnictogen compound Pyrimidine a ring diazine pyrimidines Liquid logp -0.21 ALOGPS logs 0.77 ALOGPS solubility 4.70e+02 g/l ALOGPS logp 0.05 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 1.58 ChemAxon iupac pyrimidine ChemAxon average_mass 80.088 ChemAxon mono_mass 80.037448138 ChemAxon smiles C1=CN=CN=C1 ChemAxon formula C4H4N2 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C4H4N2/c1-2-5-4-6-3-1/h1-4H ChemAxon inchikey CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 25.78 ChemAxon refractivity 22.72 ChemAxon polarizability 7.62 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 0 ChemAxon acceptor_count 2 ChemAxon donor_count 0 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::NmrTwoD 1890 Specdb::CMs 16109 Specdb::CMs 136181 Specdb::CMs 143915 Specdb::MsIr 1948 Specdb::MsIr 1949 Specdb::MsMs 2265 Specdb::MsMs 2266 Specdb::MsMs 2267 Specdb::MsMs 301735 Specdb::MsMs 301736 Specdb::MsMs 301737 Specdb::MsMs 344287 Specdb::MsMs 344288 Specdb::MsMs 344289 Specdb::MsMs 451866 Specdb::MsMs 2782372 Specdb::MsMs 2782373 Specdb::MsMs 2782374 Specdb::MsMs 2926048 Specdb::MsMs 2926049 Specdb::MsMs 2926050 Specdb::NmrOneD 1957 Specdb::NmrOneD 135790 Specdb::NmrOneD 135791 Specdb::NmrOneD 135792 Specdb::NmrOneD 135793 Specdb::NmrOneD 135794 Specdb::NmrOneD 135795 Specdb::NmrOneD 135796 Specdb::NmrOneD 135797 Specdb::NmrOneD 135798 Specdb::NmrOneD 135799 Specdb::NmrOneD 135800 Specdb::NmrOneD 135801 Specdb::NmrOneD 135802 Specdb::NmrOneD 135803 Specdb::NmrOneD 135804 Specdb::NmrOneD 135805 Specdb::NmrOneD 135806 Specdb::NmrOneD 135807 Specdb::NmrOneD 135808 Specdb::NmrOneD 135809 HMDB03361 16898 P1R #<Reference:0x000055ce31e1a1e0> Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 Beefalo Type 1 specific Bos taurus X Bison bison 297284 Bison Type 1 specific Bison bison 9901 Buffalo Type 1 specific Bubalus bubalis 89462 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 Deer Type 1 specific Cervidae 9850 Domestic goat Type 1 specific Capra aegagrus hircus 9925 Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 Elk Type 1 specific Cervus canadensis 1574408 Emu Type 1 specific Dromaius novaehollandiae 8790 European rabbit Type 1 specific Oryctolagus 9984 Greylag goose Type 1 specific Anser anser 8843 Guinea hen Type 1 specific Numida meleagris 8996 Horse Type 1 specific Equus caballus 9796 Mallard duck Type 1 specific Anas platyrhynchos 8839 Milk (Cow) Type 2 specific Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 Mule deer Type 1 specific Odocoileus 9871 Ostrich Type 1 specific Struthio camelus 8801 Pheasant Type 1 specific Phasianus colchicus 9054 Quail Type 1 specific Phasianidae 9005 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 Squab Type 1 specific Columba 8931 Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Velvet duck Type 1 specific Melanitta fusca 371864 Wild boar Type 1 specific Sus scrofa 9823