1.0 2011-09-21 00:30:22 UTC 2017-03-11 23:00:23 UTC FDB023469 Lactosylceramide (d18:1/25:0) Lactosylceramide (d18:1/25:0) is a lactosylceramide or LacCer. Lactosylceramides are the most important and abundant of the diosylceramides. Lactosylceramides (LacCer) were originally called 'cytolipin H'. It is found in small amounts only in most animal tissues, but it has a number of significant biological functions and it is of great importance as the biosynthetic precursor of most of the neutral oligoglycosylceramides, sulfatides and gangliosides. In animal tissues, biosynthesis of lactosylceramide involves addition of the second monosaccharides unit (galactose) as its nucleotide derivative to monoglucosylceramide, catalysed by a specific beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase on the lumenal side of the Golgi apparatus. The glucosylceramide precursor must first cross from the cytosolic side of the membrane, possibly via the action of a flippase. The lactosylceramide produced can be further glycosylated or transferred to the plasma membrane. Lactosylceramide may assist in stabilizing the plasma membrane and activating receptor molecules in the special micro-domains or rafts, as with the cerebrosides. It may also have its own specialized function in the immunological system in that it is known to bind to specific bacteria. In addition, it is believed that a number of pro-inflammatory factors activate lactosylceramide synthase to generate lactosylceramide, which in turn activates "oxygen-sensitive" signalling pathways that affect such cellular processes as proliferation, adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. Dysfunctions in these pathways can affect several diseases of the cardiovascular system, cancer and inflammatory states, so lactosylceramide metabolism is a potential target for new therapeutic treatments. beta-D-Galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosylceramide is the second to last step in the synthesis of N-Acylsphingosine and is converted from Glucosylceramide via the enzyme beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 6(EC:2.4.1.-). It can be converted to Glucosylceramide via the enzyme beta-galactosidase (EC:3.2.1.23). [HMDB] LacCer(d18:1/25:0) Lactosyl ceramide (d18:1/25:0) C55H105NO13 988.4211 987.758592451 N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1-{[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]pentacosanamide N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1-{[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]pentacosanamide 4682-48-8 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)C1O)[C@H](O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCC InChI=1S/C55H105NO13/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-47(60)56-43(44(59)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2)42-66-54-52(65)50(63)53(46(41-58)68-54)69-55-51(64)49(62)48(61)45(40-57)67-55/h36,38,43-46,48-55,57-59,61-65H,3-35,37,39-42H2,1-2H3,(H,56,60)/b38-36+/t43-,44+,45+,46+,48-,49-,50+,51+,52?,53+,54+,55-/m0/s1 WPIHMWBQRSAMDE-MYSVSWCJSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosyl-n-acylsphingosines. Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines are compounds containing a sphingosine linked to a simple glucosyl moiety. Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines Organic compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Sphingolipids Glycosphingolipids Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds Acetals Alkyl glycosides Carbonyl compounds Disaccharides Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides Hydrocarbon derivatives N-acyl amines O-glycosyl compounds Organic oxides Organonitrogen compounds Organopnictogen compounds Oxacyclic compounds Oxanes Polyols Primary alcohols Secondary alcohols Secondary carboxylic acid amides Acetal Alcohol Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound Alkyl glycoside Carbonyl group Carboxamide group Carboxylic acid derivative Disaccharide Fatty acyl Fatty acyl glycoside Fatty acyl glycoside of mono- or disaccharide Fatty amide Glycosyl compound Glycosyl-n-acylsphingosine Hydrocarbon derivative N-acyl-amine O-glycosyl compound Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organoheterocyclic compound Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Oxacycle Oxane Polyol Primary alcohol Secondary alcohol Secondary carboxylic acid amide Solid logp 7.55 ALOGPS logs -5.72 ALOGPS solubility 1.88e-03 g/l ALOGPS logp 11.32 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 11.92 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -3 ChemAxon iupac N-[(2S,3R,4E)-1-{[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]pentacosanamide ChemAxon average_mass 988.4211 ChemAxon mono_mass 987.758592451 ChemAxon smiles CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)C1O)[C@H](O)\C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCCC ChemAxon formula C55H105NO13 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C55H105NO13/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-47(60)56-43(44(59)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2)42-66-54-52(65)50(63)53(46(41-58)68-54)69-55-51(64)49(62)48(61)45(40-57)67-55/h36,38,43-46,48-55,57-59,61-65H,3-35,37,39-42H2,1-2H3,(H,56,60)/b38-36+/t43-,44+,45+,46+,48-,49-,50+,51+,52?,53+,54+,55-/m0/s1 ChemAxon inchikey WPIHMWBQRSAMDE-MYSVSWCJSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 227.86 ChemAxon refractivity 272.01 ChemAxon polarizability 122.72 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 45 ChemAxon acceptor_count 13 ChemAxon donor_count 9 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::MsMs 3631563 Specdb::MsMs 3631564 Specdb::MsMs 3631565 Specdb::MsMs 3631566 Specdb::MsMs 3631567 Specdb::MsMs 3631568 HMDB04876 #<Reference:0x000055ce305ec258> #<Reference:0x000055ce305ec0a0> #<Reference:0x000055ce305ebec0> #<Reference:0x000055ce305ebd08> #<Reference:0x000055ce305ebb50> #<Reference:0x000055ce305eb998> #<Reference:0x000055ce305eb7e0> #<Reference:0x000055ce305eb628> #<Reference:0x000055ce305eb470> #<Reference:0x000055ce305eb290> #<Reference:0x000055ce305eb0d8> Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 Beefalo Type 1 specific Bos taurus X Bison bison 297284 Bison Type 1 specific Bison bison 9901 Buffalo Type 1 specific Bubalus bubalis 89462 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 Deer Type 1 specific Cervidae 9850 Domestic goat Type 1 specific Capra aegagrus hircus 9925 Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 Elk Type 1 specific Cervus canadensis 1574408 Emu Type 1 specific Dromaius novaehollandiae 8790 European rabbit Type 1 specific Oryctolagus 9984 Greylag goose Type 1 specific Anser anser 8843 Guinea hen Type 1 specific Numida meleagris 8996 Horse Type 1 specific Equus caballus 9796 Mallard duck Type 1 specific Anas platyrhynchos 8839 Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 Mule deer Type 1 specific Odocoileus 9871 Ostrich Type 1 specific Struthio camelus 8801 Pheasant Type 1 specific Phasianus colchicus 9054 Quail Type 1 specific Phasianidae 9005 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 Squab Type 1 specific Columba 8931 Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Velvet duck Type 1 specific Melanitta fusca 371864 Wild boar Type 1 specific Sus scrofa 9823 Acid ceramidase Q13510 ASAH1 Alkaline ceramidase 1 Q8TDN7 ACER1 Alkaline ceramidase 2 Q5QJU3 ACER2 Alpha-galactosidase A P06280 GLA Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d P15813 CD1D Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 Q9Y2C3 B3GALT5 Beta-1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 Q00973 B4GALNT1 Beta-galactosidase P16278 GLB1 Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha P06865 HEXA Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta P07686 HEXB Ceramide glucosyltransferase Q16739 UGCG Ceramide synthase 1 P27544 CERS1 Collagen type IV alpha-3-binding protein Q9Y5P4 COL4A3BP Epididymal secretory protein E1 P61916 NPC2 Galactocerebrosidase P54803 GALC Ganglioside GM2 activator P17900 GM2A Glucosylceramidase P04062 GBA GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 1 O95427 PIGN GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 2 Q5H8A4 PIGG GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 3 Q8TEQ8 PIGO GPI mannosyltransferase 1 Q9H3S5 PIGM GPI mannosyltransferase 2 Q9NUD9 PIGV GPI mannosyltransferase 3 Q92521 PIGB GPI mannosyltransferase 4 Q86VD9 PIGZ GPI transamidase component PIG-S Q96S52 PIGS GPI transamidase component PIG-T Q969N2 PIGT GPI-anchor transamidase Q92643 PIGK Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase P09848 LCT Lactosylceramide 1,3-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase Q9BYG0 B3GNT5 Lactosylceramide 4-alpha-galactosyltransferase Q9NPC4 A4GALT Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase Q9UNP4 ST3GAL5 N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase Q9Y2B2 PIGL Neutral ceramidase Q9NR71 ASAH2 Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase Q9HCG7 GBA2 Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U protein Q9H490 PIGU Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A P37287 PIGA Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit C Q92535 PIGC Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit H Q14442 PIGH Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit P P57054 PIGP Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Q Q9BRB3 PIGQ Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Y Q3MUY2 PIGY Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein Q07326 PIGF Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class W protein Q7Z7B1 PIGW Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class X protein Q8TBF5 PIGX Putative neutral ceramidase C P0C7U2 ASAH2C Sialidase-1 Q99519 NEU1 Sialidase-2 Q9Y3R4 NEU2 Sialidase-4 Q8WWR8 NEU4 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase P17405 SMPD1 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, membrane-associated P15812 CD1E