| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Creation date | 2011-09-21 01:31:03 UTC |
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| Update date | 2015-07-21 06:59:15 UTC |
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| Primary ID | FDB027859 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available |
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| Chemical Information |
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| FooDB Name | Galactosylceramide (d18:1/18:0) |
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| Description | GGalactosylceramide (GalCer) is a non-acidic monoglycosphingolipid, i.e. a sphingolipid with one carbohydrate moiety attached to a ceramide unit. It is an intermediate in sphingolipid metabolism and is the second to last step in the synthesis of digalactosylceramidesulfate. GalCer is generated from ceramide via the enzyme UDP-galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.47]. It can be converted to digalactosylceramide via the enzyme glycosyltransferases [EC 2.4.1.-]. Galactosylceramide is the principal glycosphingolipid in brain tissue, hence the trivial name "cerebroside", which was first conferred on it in 1874. Galactosylceramides are found in all nervous tissues, but they can amount to 2% of the dry weight of grey matter and 12% of white matter. They are major constituents of oligodendrocytes. Synthesis of galactosylceramide takes place on the lumenal surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, although it has free access to the cytosolic surface by an energy-independent flip-flop process. GalCer sits in the extracellular leaflet of cell membranes in nanometer sized domains or rafts. The local clustering of GalCer within rafts is thought to facilitate the initial adhesion of certain viruses, including HIV-1 and bacteria to cells through multivalent interactions between receptor proteins and GalCer. A defect in the degradation of cerbrosides leads to a disorder called Krabbe disease. Krabbe disease (also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy or galactosylceramide lipidosis) is a rare, often fatal degenerative disorder that affects the myelin sheath of the nervous system. Krabbe disease is caused by mutations in the GALC gene, which causes a deficiency of galactosylceramidase. Infants with Krabbe disease are normal at birth. Symptoms begin between the ages of 3 and 6 months with irritability, fevers, limb stiffness, seizures, feeding difficulties, vomiting, and slowing of mental and motor development. There are also juvenile- and adult-onset cases of Krabbe disease, which have similar symptoms but slower progression. In infants, the disease is generally fatal before age 2. Patients with late-onset Krabbe disease tend to have a slower progression of the disease and live significantly longer.
Cerebrosides are glycosphingolipids. There are four types of glycosphingolipids, the cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides and gangliosides. Cerebrosides have a single sugar group linked to ceramide. The most common are galactocerebrosides (containing galactose), the least common are glucocerebrosides (containing glucose). Galactocerebrosides are found predominantly in neuronal cell membranes. In contrast glucocerebrosides are not normally found in membranes. Instead, they are typically intermediates in the synthesis or degradation of more complex glycosphingolipids. Galactocerebrosides are synthesized from ceramide and UDP-galactose. Excess lysosomal accumulation of glucocerebrosides is found in Gaucher disease. [HMDB] |
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| CAS Number | Not Available |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Chemical Formula | C42H81NO8 |
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| IUPAC name | N-(3-hydroxy-1-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}octadec-4-en-2-yl)octadecanamide |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C42H81NO8/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-38(46)43-35(34-50-42-41(49)40(48)39(47)37(33-44)51-42)36(45)31-29-27-25-23-21-19-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h29,31,35-37,39-42,44-45,47-49H,3-28,30,32-34H2,1-2H3,(H,43,46)/t35?,36?,37-,39+,40+,41-,42-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | YMYQEDCYNANIPI-DLQUMWEOSA-N |
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| Isomeric SMILES | [H][C@]1(CO)O[C@@]([H])(OCC(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(O)C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 728.0944 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 727.596218573 |
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| Classification |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosyl-n-acylsphingosines. Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines are compounds containing a sphingosine linked to a simple glucosyl moiety. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Sphingolipids |
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| Sub Class | Glycosphingolipids |
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| Direct Parent | Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Glycosyl-n-acylsphingosine
- Fatty acyl glycoside of mono- or disaccharide
- Fatty acyl glycoside
- Hexose monosaccharide
- Alkyl glycoside
- O-glycosyl compound
- Glycosyl compound
- Fatty acyl
- Oxane
- N-acyl-amine
- Monosaccharide
- Fatty amide
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Secondary alcohol
- Carboxamide group
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Polyol
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Acetal
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Ontology |
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| Ontology | No ontology term |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| ChemSpider ID | 24765745 |
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| ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C02686 |
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| Pubchem Compound ID | 53480653 |
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| Pubchem Substance ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol-Explorer ID | Not Available |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB10709 |
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| CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID | Not Available |
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| EAFUS ID | Not Available |
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| Dr. Duke ID | Not Available |
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| BIGG ID | Not Available |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| HET ID | Not Available |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| Flavornet ID | Not Available |
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| GoodScent ID | Not Available |
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| SuperScent ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID | Not Available |
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| Duplicate IDS | Not Available |
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| Old DFC IDS | Not Available |
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| Associated Foods |
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| Biological Effects and Interactions |
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| Health Effects / Bioactivities | Not Available |
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| Enzymes | |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Metabolism | Not Available |
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| Biosynthesis | Not Available |
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| Organoleptic Properties |
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| Flavours | Not Available |
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| Files |
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| MSDS | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| General Reference | Not Available |
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| Content Reference | |
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