| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Creation date | 2011-09-21 01:39:26 UTC |
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| Update date | 2015-07-21 06:59:24 UTC |
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| Primary ID | FDB028415 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available |
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| Chemical Information |
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| FooDB Name | gamma-Glutamylglutamic acid |
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| Description | gammaGlutamylglutamic acid is made of two glutamic acid molecules. Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the essential amino acids. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells. This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity. The mechanisms of cell death include: * Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. * Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Excitotoxicity due to glutamate occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease. glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid) [HMDB] |
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| CAS Number | 1116-22-9 |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Chemical Formula | C10H16N2O7 |
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| IUPAC name | (2S)-2-[(4S)-4-amino-4-carboxybutanamido]pentanedioic acid |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H16N2O7/c11-5(9(16)17)1-3-7(13)12-6(10(18)19)2-4-8(14)15/h5-6H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)(H,16,17)(H,18,19)/t5-,6-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | OWQDWQKWSLFFFR-WDSKDSINSA-N |
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| Isomeric SMILES | N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 276.2432 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 276.095750876 |
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| Classification |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. Glutamic acid and derivatives are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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| Direct Parent | Glutamic acid and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Glutamic acid or derivatives
- N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid
- L-alpha-amino acid
- Tricarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Amino acid
- Carboximidic acid
- Carboximidic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
- Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Primary amine
- Organic oxide
- Carbonyl group
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Disposition | Biological location: Source: |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | |
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| EI-MS/GC-MS | | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | gamma-Glutamylglutamic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-001i-8980000000-c8c0b54fc15030f5841c | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | gamma-Glutamylglutamic acid, 3 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00fr-9312500000-c72536369df669353d9d | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | gamma-Glutamylglutamic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | gamma-Glutamylglutamic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum |
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| MS/MS | | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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| Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-0bu0-0290000000-592fb5f429b41997ab76 | 2017-09-01 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-01qi-1970000000-59bdd45c864061db9cc6 | 2017-09-01 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-0pbi-8900000000-cb73f5bd87a0c84079a7 | 2017-09-01 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-056r-0090000000-f4414191d2e0ea5be2cb | 2017-09-01 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-06wa-0790000000-7c95724920f7099837c5 | 2017-09-01 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-0umm-7900000000-fe5d6785afd470fc15bd | 2017-09-01 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-0a6r-0390000000-08973a14263b8e83faf2 | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-0f9t-0930000000-c59c51838d5d081582c7 | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-0udm-6900000000-ba02e8ecf2007c67a4f7 | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-001j-1930000000-ee6ad392744bfd67a809 | 2021-09-23 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-001i-9400000000-217d087b871c25c7923a | 2021-09-23 | View Spectrum | | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-001i-9200000000-3bc2da25a838b394fa08 | 2021-09-23 | View Spectrum |
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| NMR | Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| ChemSpider ID | 83831 |
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| ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C05282 |
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| Pubchem Compound ID | 92865 |
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| Pubchem Substance ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol-Explorer ID | Not Available |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB11737 |
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| CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID | Not Available |
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| EAFUS ID | Not Available |
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| Dr. Duke ID | Not Available |
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| BIGG ID | Not Available |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| HET ID | Not Available |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| Flavornet ID | Not Available |
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| GoodScent ID | Not Available |
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| SuperScent ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID | Not Available |
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| Duplicate IDS | Not Available |
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| Old DFC IDS | Not Available |
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| Associated Foods |
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| Biological Effects and Interactions |
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| Health Effects / Bioactivities | Not Available |
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| Enzymes | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Metabolism | Not Available |
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| Biosynthesis | Not Available |
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| Organoleptic Properties |
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| Flavours | Not Available |
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| Files |
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| MSDS | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| General Reference | Not Available |
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| Content Reference | |
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