<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2011-09-21 01:52:09 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2018-05-29 01:54:43 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB029226</accession>
  <name>Gonadotropin releasing hormone</name>
  <description>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), also known as Luteinizing-hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), is a tropic peptide hormone responsible for the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary. GnRH is synthesized and released from neurons within the hypothalamus.; There are differences in GNRH secretion between females and males. In males, GNRH is secreted in pulses at a constant frequency, but in females the frequency of the pulses varies during the menstrual cycle and there is a large surge of GNRH just before ovulation.; It is used in the palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Leuprolide is a luteinizing hormone agonist that results in suppression of testicular or follicular steroidogenesis. [HMDB]</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(pyro)Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2</synonym>
    <synonym>GnRH</synonym>
    <synonym>gonadoliberin</synonym>
    <synonym>LH-RH</synonym>
    <synonym>luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone</synonym>
    <synonym>pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C55H77N17O14</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>1200.3054</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>1199.583590257</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>4-amino-4-[(1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-[({[(1S)-1-{[(2R)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[(2R)-2-[(carbamoylmethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>4-amino-4-[(1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-[({[(1S)-1-{[(2R)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[(2R)-2-(carbamoylmethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(3H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>71447-49-9</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)NC(=O)C(CC1=CN=CN1)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)NCC(N)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C55H77N17O14/c1-29(2)19-38(49(81)67-37(9-5-17-61-55(58)59)54(86)72-18-6-10-43(72)53(85)63-25-44(57)75)66-45(76)26-64-48(80)39(20-30-11-13-33(74)14-12-30)69-52(84)42(27-73)71-50(82)40(21-31-23-62-36-8-4-3-7-34(31)36)70-51(83)41(22-32-24-60-28-65-32)68-47(79)35(56)15-16-46(77)78/h3-4,7-8,11-14,23-24,28-29,35,37-43,62,73-74H,5-6,9-10,15-22,25-27,56H2,1-2H3,(H2,57,75)(H,60,65)(H,63,85)(H,64,80)(H,66,76)(H,67,81)(H,68,79)(H,69,84)(H,70,83)(H,71,82)(H,77,78)(H4,58,59,61)/t35?,37-,38+,39+,40+,41?,42+,43-/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>KTVPQHFLYINKPT-BWHZHEQWSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as polypeptides. These are peptides containing ten or more amino acid residues.</description>
    <direct_parent>Polypeptides</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic Polymers</super_class>
    <class>Polypeptides</class>
    <sub_class/>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>3-alkylindoles</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha amino acid amides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Amino acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Amino fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Amphetamines and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboximidamides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Glutamic acid and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Guanidines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Heteroaromatic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Histidine and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydroxy fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Leucine and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monoalkylamines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>N-acyl amines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>N-acylpyrrolidines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Peptides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenylalanine and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Primary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Primary carboxylic acid amides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Proline and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyrrolidinecarboxamides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary carboxylic acid amides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Serine and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Substituted pyrroles</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tertiary carboxylic acid amides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tryptamines and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tyrosine and derivatives</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>3-alkylindole</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha peptide</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-amino acid amide</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Amino fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Amphetamine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Azole</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxamide group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboximidamide</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acyl</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty amide</substituent>
      <substituent>Glutamic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Guanidine</substituent>
      <substituent>Heteroaromatic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Histidine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxy fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Imidazole</substituent>
      <substituent>Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Indole</substituent>
      <substituent>Indole or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Leucine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>N-acyl-amine</substituent>
      <substituent>N-acylpyrrolidine</substituent>
      <substituent>N-substituted-alpha-amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic 1,3-dipolar compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenylalanine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Polypeptide</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary aliphatic amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary carboxylic acid amide</substituent>
      <substituent>Proline or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyrrole</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyrrolidine</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary carboxylic acid amide</substituent>
      <substituent>Serine or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Substituted pyrrole</substituent>
      <substituent>Tertiary carboxylic acid amide</substituent>
      <substituent>Triptan</substituent>
      <substituent>Tyrosine or derivatives</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-1.56</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-4.52</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>3.58e-02 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-7.6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>3.51</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>11.55</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>4-amino-4-[(1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-[({[(1S)-1-{[(2R)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[(2R)-2-[(carbamoylmethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>1200.3054</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>1199.583590257</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)NC(=O)C(CC1=CN=CN1)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)NCC(N)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C55H77N17O14</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C55H77N17O14/c1-29(2)19-38(49(81)67-37(9-5-17-61-55(58)59)54(86)72-18-6-10-43(72)53(85)63-25-44(57)75)66-45(76)26-64-48(80)39(20-30-11-13-33(74)14-12-30)69-52(84)42(27-73)71-50(82)40(21-31-23-62-36-8-4-3-7-34(31)36)70-51(83)41(22-32-24-60-28-65-32)68-47(79)35(56)15-16-46(77)78/h3-4,7-8,11-14,23-24,28-29,35,37-43,62,73-74H,5-6,9-10,15-22,25-27,56H2,1-2H3,(H2,57,75)(H,60,65)(H,63,85)(H,64,80)(H,66,76)(H,67,81)(H,68,79)(H,69,84)(H,70,83)(H,71,82)(H,77,78)(H4,58,59,61)/t35?,37-,38+,39+,40+,41?,42+,43-/m1/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>KTVPQHFLYINKPT-BWHZHEQWSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>506.35</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>316</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>123.02</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>34</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>19</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>18</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151910</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151911</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151912</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151913</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151914</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151915</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151916</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151917</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151918</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151919</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151920</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151921</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151922</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151923</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151924</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151925</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151926</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151927</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151928</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>151929</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>308539</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>308540</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>308541</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>352753</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>352754</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>352755</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2698650</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2698651</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2698652</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2983247</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2983248</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2983249</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB12965</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
