Record Information |
---|
Version | 1.0 |
---|
Creation date | 2015-05-07 20:47:30 UTC |
---|
Update date | 2019-11-26 03:22:03 UTC |
---|
Primary ID | FDB031008 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available |
---|
Chemical Information |
---|
FooDB Name | morphine |
---|
Description | Morphine, also known as (-)-morphine or morphine sulfate, is a member of the class of compounds known as morphinans. Morphinans are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic. Morphine is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Morphine can be synthesized from morphinan. Morphine is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, myrophine, heroin, and codeine. Morphine can be found in a number of food items such as nanking cherry, eggplant, millet, and common hazelnut, which makes morphine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Morphine can be found primarily in blood and urine, as well as in human kidney and liver tissues. In humans, morphine is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include heroin action pathway, morphine metabolism pathway, heroin metabolism pathway, and codeine metabolism pathway. Morphine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Morphine is a drug which is used for the relief and treatment of severe pain. The primary source of morphine is isolation from poppy straw of the opium poppy. In 2013, an estimated 523 000 kg of morphine were produced. About 45 000 kg were used directly for pain, a four-time increase over the last twenty years. Most use for this purpose was in the developed world. About 70% of morphine is used to make other opioids such as hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and heroin. It is a Schedule II drug in the United States, Class A in the United Kingdom, and Schedule I in Canada. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Morphine is sold under many trade names . Primarily hepatic (90%), converted to dihydromorphinone and normorphineand is) also converted to morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide. Virtually all morphine is converted to glucuronide metabolites; only a small fraction (less than 5%) of absorbed morphine is demethylated (DrugBank). In the treatment of morphine overdosage, primary attention should be given to the re- establishment of a patent airway and institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. Supportive measures (including oxygen, vasopressors) should be employed in the management of circulatory shock and pulmonary edema accompanying overdose as indicated. Cardiac arrest or arrhythmias may require cardiac massage or defibrillation. The pure opioid antagonists, such as naloxone, are specific antidotes against respiratory depression which results from opioid overdose. Naloxone should be administered intravenously; however, because its duration of action is relatively short, the patient must be carefully monitored until spontaneous respiration is reliably re-established. If the response to naloxone is suboptimal or not sustained, additional naloxone may be administered, as needed, or given by continuous infusion to maintain alertness and respiratory function; however, there is no information available about the cumulative dose of naloxone that may be safely administered (L1712) (T3DB). |
---|
CAS Number | 57-27-2 |
---|
Structure | |
---|
Synonyms | |
---|
Predicted Properties | |
---|
Chemical Formula | C17H19NO3 |
---|
IUPAC name | (1S,5R,13R,14S,17R)-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0¹,¹³.0⁵,¹⁷.0⁷,¹⁸]octadeca-7(18),8,10,15-tetraene-10,14-diol |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C17H19NO3/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18/h2-5,10-11,13,16,19-20H,6-8H2,1H3/t10-,11+,13-,16-,17-/m0/s1 |
---|
InChI Key | BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N |
---|
Isomeric SMILES | [H][C@@]12OC3=C(O)C=CC4=C3[C@@]11CCN(C)[C@]([H])(C4)[C@]1([H])C=C[C@@H]2O |
---|
Average Molecular Weight | 285.3377 |
---|
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 285.136493479 |
---|
Classification |
---|
Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as morphinans. These are polycyclic compounds with a four-ring skeleton with three condensed six-member rings forming a partially hydrogenated phenanthrene moiety, one of which is aromatic while the two others are alicyclic. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Alkaloids and derivatives |
---|
Class | Morphinans |
---|
Sub Class | Not Available |
---|
Direct Parent | Morphinans |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - Morphinan
- Phenanthrene
- Tetralin
- Coumaran
- Alkyl aryl ether
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Aralkylamine
- Piperidine
- Benzenoid
- Secondary alcohol
- Tertiary amine
- Tertiary aliphatic amine
- Ether
- Oxacycle
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Amine
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | |
---|
Ontology |
---|
|
Physiological effect | Health effect: |
---|
Disposition | Route of exposure: Source: Biological location: |
---|
Role | Environmental role: Industrial application: Biological role: |
---|
Physico-Chemical Properties |
---|
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental | |
---|
Spectra |
---|
Spectra | |
---|
EI-MS/GC-MS | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
---|
GC-MS | morphine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00li-8970000000-28acaf307ce4bc5aabf1 | Spectrum | GC-MS | morphine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-014i-0090000000-b9cf42b077ae0fa5b50d | Spectrum | GC-MS | morphine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00li-8970000000-28acaf307ce4bc5aabf1 | Spectrum | GC-MS | morphine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-014i-0090000000-b9cf42b077ae0fa5b50d | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | morphine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00vl-1090000000-adcd23ce75ad17f72cc5 | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | morphine, 2 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-03mi-7209800000-b1a234139ee9e72f3402 | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | morphine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum |
|
---|
MS/MS | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
---|
MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive | splash10-000i-0090000000-98125212ed8e73f219e1 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive | splash10-000i-0090000000-e9f7be236d827a716c1b | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive | splash10-000i-0290000000-5066e10cd96a2c376676 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive | splash10-0kui-0930000000-793deeb91de6d2459cbe | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive | splash10-100r-0900000000-f775c77035946f746daa | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-0ufr-0390000000-660ff44516f98e346016 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-000i-0090000000-22857c8ef81e65ad6bd3 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-000i-0090000000-c5194c99a9e7f30ea0c8 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-000i-0090000000-1980ff8ab9e654f16fe1 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-000i-0690000000-efa51d970eaf96d3b982 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-0pc9-0920000000-64a693f2f51c03129c94 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-100r-0900000000-49174c3db4b1c1847080 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-000i-0090000000-3cc8784093ef460d3030 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-000i-0090000000-4bc885836f18b77696f3 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-000i-0090000000-4a16648c3e86669f2446 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-000i-0690000000-f41b2f804790e9ad8f1d | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-0pc9-0920000000-69393fc6563baf39d91f | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-100r-0900000000-467f39309be5edfa4c01 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive | splash10-0ufr-0390000000-bd9670761ff2a7dafc55 | 2017-09-14 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-000i-0090000000-46d12300d5a1a45af278 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-000i-0090000000-9470e4073083d671574a | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-0pdj-3290000000-3c229ae6f1433ae20d85 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-001i-0090000000-0d38f6180c7ffdd17c4e | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-001i-0090000000-e3fd836bcbf266246e22 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-02di-0390000000-317675bcd07b96b05935 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum |
|
---|
NMR | Not Available |
---|
External Links |
---|
ChemSpider ID | Not Available |
---|
ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
---|
KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
---|
Pubchem Compound ID | Not Available |
---|
Pubchem Substance ID | Not Available |
---|
ChEBI ID | Not Available |
---|
Phenol-Explorer ID | Not Available |
---|
DrugBank ID | Not Available |
---|
HMDB ID | Not Available |
---|
CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID | Not Available |
---|
EAFUS ID | Not Available |
---|
Dr. Duke ID | Not Available |
---|
BIGG ID | Not Available |
---|
KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
---|
HET ID | Not Available |
---|
Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
---|
VMH ID | Not Available |
---|
Flavornet ID | Not Available |
---|
GoodScent ID | Not Available |
---|
SuperScent ID | Not Available |
---|
Wikipedia ID | Not Available |
---|
Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID | Not Available |
---|
Duplicate IDS | Not Available |
---|
Old DFC IDS | Not Available |
---|
Associated Foods |
---|
|
Biological Effects and Interactions |
---|
Health Effects / Bioactivities | Not Available |
---|
Enzymes | Not Available |
---|
Pathways | Not Available |
---|
Metabolism | Not Available |
---|
Biosynthesis | Not Available |
---|
Organoleptic Properties |
---|
Flavours | Not Available |
---|
Files |
---|
MSDS | Not Available |
---|
References |
---|
Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
---|
General Reference | Not Available |
---|
Content Reference | |
---|