1.0
2015-05-07 21:01:13 UTC
2019-11-26 03:22:09 UTC
FDB031104
pheophorbide a
Pheophorbide a is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pheophorbide a can be found in a number of food items such as chinese mustard, common persimmon, malabar plum, and black chokeberry, which makes pheophorbide a a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
C35H36N4O5
592.696
592.268570275
3-[(3R,21S,22S)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-4-oxo-7,23,24,25-tetraazahexacyclo[18.2.1.1⁵,⁸.1¹⁰,¹³.1¹⁵,¹⁸.0²,⁶]hexacosa-1,5(26),6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20(23)-decaen-22-yl]propanoic acid
3-[(3R,21S,22S)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-4-oxo-7,23,24,25-tetraazahexacyclo[18.2.1.1⁵,⁸.1¹⁰,¹³.1¹⁵,¹⁸.0²,⁶]hexacosa-1,5(26),6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20(23)-decaen-22-yl]propanoic acid
[H][C@@]1(C)C2=N\C(=C3\C4=N\C(=C/C5=C(CC)C(C)=C(N5)\C=C5/N/C(=C\2)C(C)=C5C=C)\C(C)=C4C(=O)[C@]3([H])C(=O)OC)\[C@@]1([H])CCC(O)=O
InChI=1S/C35H36N4O5/c1-8-19-15(3)22-12-24-17(5)21(10-11-28(40)41)32(38-24)30-31(35(43)44-7)34(42)29-18(6)25(39-33(29)30)14-27-20(9-2)16(4)23(37-27)13-26(19)36-22/h8,12-14,17,21,31,36-37H,1,9-11H2,2-7H3,(H,40,41)/b22-12-,23-13-,24-12+,25-14-,26-13-,27-14-,32-30+/t17-,21-,31+/m0/s1
OINDWIFDMFYGDX-ACEIPUNUSA-N
logp
4.54
logs
-4.63
solubility
1.38e-02 g/l
logp
3.43
pka_strongest_acidic
-1.2
pka_strongest_basic
6.92
iupac
3-[(3R,21S,22S)-16-ethenyl-11-ethyl-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-12,17,21,26-tetramethyl-4-oxo-7,23,24,25-tetraazahexacyclo[18.2.1.1⁵,⁸.1¹⁰,¹³.1¹⁵,¹⁸.0²,⁶]hexacosa-1,5(26),6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20(23)-decaen-22-yl]propanoic acid
average_mass
592.696
mono_mass
592.268570275
smiles
[H][C@@]1(C)C2=N\C(=C3\C4=N\C(=C/C5=C(CC)C(C)=C(N5)\C=C5/N/C(=C\2)C(C)=C5C=C)\C(C)=C4C(=O)[C@]3([H])C(=O)OC)\[C@@]1([H])CCC(O)=O
formula
C35H36N4O5
inchi
InChI=1S/C35H36N4O5/c1-8-19-15(3)22-12-24-17(5)21(10-11-28(40)41)32(38-24)30-31(35(43)44-7)34(42)29-18(6)25(39-33(29)30)14-27-20(9-2)16(4)23(37-27)13-26(19)36-22/h8,12-14,17,21,31,36-37H,1,9-11H2,2-7H3,(H,40,41)/b22-12-,23-13-,24-12+,25-14-,26-13-,27-14-,32-30+/t17-,21-,31+/m0/s1
inchikey
OINDWIFDMFYGDX-ACEIPUNUSA-N
polar_surface_area
138.03
refractivity
167.46
polarizability
68.3
rotatable_bond_count
7
acceptor_count
6
donor_count
3
physiological_charge
-1
formal_charge
0
Specdb::MsMs
1278667
Specdb::MsMs
1278668
Specdb::MsMs
1278669
Specdb::MsMs
1393570
Specdb::MsMs
1393571
Specdb::MsMs
1393572
Abalone
Type 1
specific
Haliotis
6452
Abiyuch
Type 1
specific
Crateva religiosa
202634
Acerola
Type 1
specific
Malpighia emarginata
151847
Acorn
Type 1
specific
Quercus
3511
Adzuki bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna angularis
3914
Agar
Type 1
specific
Eucheuma
31444
Agave
Type 1
specific
Agave
39509
Alaska blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium alaskaense
190544
Alaska wild rhubarb
Type 1
specific
Polygonum alpinum
125586
Alfalfa
Type 1
specific
Medicago sativa
3879
Allium
Type 1
specific
Allium
4678
Allspice
Type 1
specific
Pimenta dioica
375272
Almond
Type 1
specific
Prunus dulcis
3755
Alpine sweetvetch
Type 1
specific
Hedysarum alpinum
57576
Amaranth
Type 1
specific
Amaranthus
3564
American butterfish
Type 1
specific
Peprilus triacanthus
183653
American cranberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium macrocarpon
13750
American pokeweed
Type 1
specific
Phytolacca americana
3527
Angelica
Type 1
specific
Angelica keiskei
357850
Anise
Type 1
specific
Pimpinella anisum
271192
Annual wild rice
Type 1
specific
Zizania aquatica
75727
Apple
Type 1
specific
Malus pumila
283210
Apricot
Type 1
specific
Prunus armeniaca
36596
Arctic blackberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus arcticus
70741
Arrowhead
Type 1
specific
Sagittaria latifolia
15008
Arrowroot
Type 1
specific
Maranta arundinacea
210060
Asian pear
Type 1
specific
Pyrus pyrifolia
3767
Asparagus
Type 1
specific
Asparagus officinalis
4686
Atlantic herring
Type 1
specific
Clupea harengus harengus
7950
Avocado
Type 1
specific
Persea americana
3435
Babassu palm
Type 1
specific
Attalea speciosa
145700
Bamboo shoots
Type 1
specific
Phyllostachys edulis
38705
Banana
Type 1
specific
Musa acuminata
4641
Barley
Type 1
specific
Hordeum vulgare
4513
Bayberry
Type 1
specific
Myrica
3509
Bean
Type 1
specific
Beech nut
Type 1
specific
Fagus
21024
Bilberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium myrtillus
180763
Biscuit
Type 2
specific
Bitter gourd
Type 1
specific
Momordica charantia
3673
Black cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. viridis
3713
Black chokeberry
Type 1
specific
Photinia melanocarpa
661339
Black crowberry
Type 1
specific
Empetrum nigrum
191066
Black elderberry
Type 1
specific
Sambucus nigra
4202
Black huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Gaylussacia baccata
128893
Black mulberry
Type 1
specific
Morus nigra
85232
Black radish
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus var. niger
41679
Black raspberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus occidentalis
75079
Black salsify
Type 1
specific
Scorzonera hispanica
114289
Black tea
Type 1
Black walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans nigra
16719
Black-eyed pea
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata
3920
Blackcurrant
Type 1
specific
Ribes nigrum
78511
Bog bilberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium uliginosum
190548
Borage
Type 1
specific
Borago officinalis
13363
Boysenberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus ursinus X idaeus
Brassicas
Unknown
generic
3705
Brazil nut
Type 1
specific
Bertholletia excelsa
3645
Breadfruit
Type 1
specific
Artocarpus altilis
194251
Breadnut tree seed
Type 1
specific
Brosimum alicastrum
194253
Breakfast cereal
Type 2
specific
Broad bean
Type 1
specific
Vicia faba
3906
Broccoli
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. italica
36774
Brussel sprouts
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
178616
Buffalo currant
Type 1
specific
Ribes aureum var. villosum
23283
Burbot
Type 1
specific
Lota lota
69944
Burdock
Type 1
specific
Arctium lappa
4217
Butternut
Type 1
specific
Juglans cinerea
91214
Butternut squash
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita moschata
3662
Cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. capitata
3716
Calabash
Type 1
specific
Lagenaria siceraria
3668
Canada blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium myrtilloides
1503870
Canola
Type 2
specific
138011
Capers
Type 1
specific
Capparis spinosa
65558
Caraway
Type 1
specific
Carum carvi
48032
Cardamom
Type 1
specific
Elettaria cardamomum
105181
Cardoon
Type 1
specific
Cynara cardunculus
4265
Carob
Type 1
specific
Ceratonia siliqua
20340
Carrot
Type 1
specific
Daucus carota ssp. sativus
79200
Cascade huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium deliciosum
190531
Cashew nut
Type 1
specific
Anacardium occidentale
171929
Cassava
Type 1
specific
Manihot esculenta
3983
Catjang pea
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica
3840
Cauliflower
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
3715
Celeriac
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens var. rapaceum
278110
Celery leaves
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens var. secalinum
941588
Celery stalks
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens var. dulce
117781
Cereals and cereal products
Unknown
generic
Ceylon cinnamon
Type 1
specific
Cinnamomum verum
128608
Chanterelle
Type 1
specific
Cantharellus cibarius
36066
Chayote
Type 1
specific
Sechium edule
184140
Cherimoya
Type 1
specific
Annona cherimola
49314
Cherry tomato
Type 1
specific
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme
195583
Chervil
Type 1
specific
Anthriscus cerefolium
40888
Chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea
21019
Chia
Type 1
specific
Salvia hispanica
49212
Chickpea
Type 1
specific
Cicer arietinum
3827
Chicory
Type 1
specific
Cichorium intybus
13427
Chicory leaves
Type 1
specific
Cichorium intybus var. foliosum
13427
Chicory roots
Type 1
specific
Cichorium intybus var. sativum
13427
Chinese bayberry
Type 1
specific
Myrica rubra
262757
Chinese broccoli
Type 1
specific
Brassica alboglabra
3714
Chinese cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa
3711
Chinese chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea mollissima
60419
Chinese chives
Type 1
specific
Allium tuberosum
4683
Chinese cinnamon
Type 1
specific
Cinnamomum aromaticum
119260
Chinese mustard
Type 1
specific
Brassica juncea
3707
Chinese water chestnut
Type 1
specific
Eleocharis dulcis
110284
Chives
Type 1
specific
Allium schoenoprasum
74900
Cinnamon
Type 1
specific
Cinnamomum
13428
Citrus
Unknown
generic
Climbing bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna umbellata
87088
Cloud ear fungus
Type 1
specific
Auricularia polytricha
29893
Cloudberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus chamaemorus
57936
Cloves
Type 1
specific
Syzygium aromaticum
219868
Cocoa bean
Type 1
specific
Theobroma cacao
3641
Coconut
Type 1
specific
Cocos nucifera
13894
Colorado pinyon
Type 1
specific
Pinus edulis
3340
Common bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus vulgaris
3885
Common beet
Type 1
specific
Beta vulgaris
161934
Common buckwheat
Type 1
specific
Fagopyrum esculentum
3617
Common cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea
3712
Common chokecherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus virginiana
133204
Common grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis vinifera
29760
Common hazelnut
Type 1
specific
Corylus avellana
13451
Common mushroom
Type 1
specific
Agaricus bisporus
5341
Common oregano
Type 1
specific
Origanum vulgare
39352
Common pea
Type 1
specific
Pisum sativum
3888
Common persimmon
Type 1
specific
Diospyros virginiana
13493
Common sage
Type 1
specific
Salvia officinalis
38868
Common salsify
Type 1
specific
Tragopogon porrifolius
13731
Common thyme
Type 1
specific
Thymus vulgaris
49992
Common verbena
Type 1
specific
Verbena officinalis
79772
Common walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans regia
51240
Common wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum aestivum
4565
Conch
Type 1
specific
Strombidae
69694
Coriander
Type 1
specific
Coriandrum sativum
4047
Corn
Type 1
specific
Zea mays
4577
Corn salad
Type 1
specific
Valerianella locusta
59166
Cornmint
Type 1
specific
Mentha arvensis
292239
Cottonseed
Type 1
specific
Gossypium
3633
Cowpea
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata
3917
Cucumber
Type 1
specific
Cucumis sativus
3659
Cucurbita
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita
3660
Cumin
Type 1
specific
Cuminum cyminum
52462
Cupuaçu
Type 1
specific
Theobroma grandiflorum
108881
Custard apple
Type 1
specific
Annona reticulata
301862
Daikon radish
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus
41679
Dandelion
Type 1
specific
Taraxacum officinale
50225
Date
Type 1
specific
Phoenix dactylifera
42345
Deerberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium stamineum
176259
Devilfish
Type 1
specific
Myoxocephalus
8095
Dill
Type 1
specific
Anethum graveolens
40922
Dock
Type 1
specific
Rumex
3618
Durian
Type 1
specific
Durio zibethinus
66656
Eggplant
Type 1
specific
Solanum melongena
4111
Elderberry
Type 1
specific
Sambucus
4201
Elliott's blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium elliottii
283798
Endive
Type 1
specific
Cichorium endivia
114280
Enokitake
Type 1
specific
Flammulina velutipes
38945
Epazote
Type 1
specific
Dysphania ambrosioides
330163
European chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea sativa
21020
European cranberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium oxycoccos
516948
European plum
Type 1
specific
Prunus domestica
3758
Evening primrose
Type 1
specific
Oenothera biennis
3942
Evergreen huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium ovatum
84019
Feijoa
Type 1
specific
Feijoa sellowiana
260130
Fennel
Type 1
specific
Foeniculum vulgare
48038
Fenugreek
Type 1
specific
Trigonella foenum-graecum
78534
Fig
Type 1
specific
Ficus carica
3494
Fireweed
Type 1
specific
Chamerion angustifolium
13055
Flaxseed
Type 1
specific
Linum usitatissimum
4006
Fox grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis labrusca
103355
French plantain
Type 1
specific
Musa X paradisiaca
89151
Fruits
Unknown
generic
Garden cress
Type 1
specific
Lepidium sativum
33125
Garden onion
Type 1
specific
Allium cepa
4679
Garden onion (var.)
Type 1
specific
Allium cepa var. cepa
4679
Garden rhubarb
Type 1
specific
Rheum rhabarbarum
3621
Garden tomato
Type 1
specific
Solanum lycopersicum
4081
Garden tomato (var.)
Type 1
specific
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
397755
Garland chrysanthemum
Type 1
specific
Chrysanthemum coronarium
99038
Garlic
Type 1
specific
Allium sativum
4682
German camomile
Type 1
specific
Matricaria recutita
127986
Giant butterbur
Type 1
specific
Petasites japonicus
186965
Ginger
Type 1
specific
Zingiber officinale
94328
Ginkgo nuts
Type 1
specific
Ginkgo biloba
3311
Ginseng
Type 1
specific
Panax
4054
Globe artichoke
Type 1
specific
Cynara scolymus
59895
Gooseberry
Type 1
specific
Ribes uva-crispa
135518
Gram bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna mungo
3915
Grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis
3603
Grapefruit
Type 1
specific
Citrus X paradisi
37656
Grapefruit/Pummelo hybrid
Type 1
specific
Citrus paradisi X Citrus maxima
37656
Grass pea
Type 1
specific
Lathyrus sativus
3860
Green bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus vulgaris
3885
Green bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Green onion
Type 1
Green tea
Type 1
Green vegetables
Unknown
generic
Green zucchini
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica
Greenthread tea
Type 1
specific
Thelesperma
153159
Groundcherry
Type 1
specific
Physalis
24663
Guava
Type 1
specific
Psidium guajava
120290
Half-highbush blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosum
934696
Hard wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum durum
4567
Hazelnut
Type 1
specific
Corylus
13450
Hedge mustard
Type 1
specific
Sisymbrium
3729
Herbal tea
Type 1
Herbs and Spices
Unknown
generic
Hickory nut
Type 1
specific
Carya
13402
Highbush blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium corymbosum
69266
Horned melon
Type 2
specific
Cucumis metuliferus
61886
Horseradish
Type 1
specific
Armoracia rusticana
3704
Horseradish tree
Type 1
specific
Moringa oleifera
3735
Hyacinth bean
Type 1
specific
Lablab purpureus
35936
Hyssop
Type 1
specific
Hyssopus officinalis
39324
Irish moss
Type 1
specific
Chondrus crispus
2769
Italian oregano
Type 1
specific
Origanum X majoricum
1384207
Italian sweet red pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Jackfruit
Type 1
specific
Artocarpus heterophyllus
3489
Japanese chestnut
Type 1
specific
Castanea crenata
103480
Japanese persimmon
Type 1
specific
Diospyros kaki
35925
Japanese pumpkin
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita maxima
3661
Japanese walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans ailanthifolia
91209
Java plum
Type 1
specific
Syzygium cumini
260142
Jerusalem artichoke
Type 1
specific
Helianthus tuberosus
4233
Jew's ear
Type 1
specific
Auricularia auricula-judae
29892
Jicama
Type 1
specific
Pachyrhizus erosus
109171
Jostaberry
Type 1
specific
Ribes × nidigrolaria
Jujube
Type 1
specific
Ziziphus zizyphus
48393
Jute
Type 1
specific
Corchorus olitorius
93759
Kai-lan
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
3714
Kale
Type 1
specific
Brassica napus var. pabularia
Kelp
Type 1
specific
Laminaria
33637
Kiwi
Type 1
specific
Actinidia chinensis
3625
Kohlrabi
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes
109379
Komatsuna
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. perviridis
344680
Kombu
Type 1
specific
Saccharina japonica
88149
Kumquat
Type 1
specific
Fortunella
2706
Lambsquarters
Type 1
specific
Chenopodium album
3559
Leek
Type 1
specific
Allium porrum
Lemon
Type 1
specific
Citrus limon
2708
Lemon balm
Type 1
specific
Melissa officinalis
39338
Lemon grass
Type 1
specific
Cymbopogon citratus
66014
Lemon thyme
Type 1
specific
Thymus pulegioides
751873
Lemon verbena
Type 1
specific
Aloysia triphylla
542672
Lentils
Type 1
generic
Lens culinaris
3864
Lettuce
Type 1
specific
Lactuca sativa
4236
Lichee
Type 1
specific
Litchi chinensis
151069
Lima bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus lunatus
3884
Lime
Type 1
specific
Citrus aurantiifolia
159033
Linden
Type 1
specific
Tilia
64580
Lingonberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
180772
Loganberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus loganobaccus
Longan
Type 1
specific
Dimocarpus longan
128017
Loquat
Type 1
specific
Eriobotrya japonica
32224
Lotus
Type 1
specific
Nelumbo
4430
Lovage
Type 1
specific
Levisticum officinale
48042
Lowbush blueberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium angustifolium
472369
Lupine
Type 1
specific
Lupinus
3869
Macadamia nut
Type 1
specific
Macadamia
4329
Macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla)
Type 1
specific
Macadamia tetraphylla
512563
Maitake
Type 1
specific
Grifola frondosa
5627
Malabar plum
Type 1
specific
Syzygium jambos
334483
Malabar spinach
Type 1
specific
Basella alba
3589
Malus (Crab apple)
Type 1
specific
Malus
3749
Mamey sapote
Type 1
specific
Pouteria sapota
233744
Mammee apple
Type 1
specific
Mammea americana
198777
Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine)
Type 1
specific
Citrus reticulata
85571
Mango
Type 1
specific
Mangifera indica
29780
Medlar
Type 1
specific
Mespilus germanica
36616
Mentha
Type 1
specific
Mentha
21819
Mexican groundcherry
Type 1
specific
Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata
374021
Mexican oregano
Type 1
specific
Lippia graveolens
Millet
Type 1
specific
Panicum miliaceum
4540
Mixed nuts
Type 2
specific
Moth bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna aconitifolia
3918
Mountain yam
Type 1
specific
Dioscorea pentaphylla
167592
Mugwort
Type 1
specific
Artemisia vulgaris
4220
Mulberry
Type 1
specific
Morus
3497
Mung bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna radiata
157791
Muscadine grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis rotundifolia
103349
Muskmelon
Type 1
specific
Cucumis melo
3656
Mustard spinach
Type 1
specific
Brassica perviridis
Nance
Type 1
specific
Byrsonima crassifolia
4270
Nanking cherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus tomentosa
105667
Napa cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. pekinensis
51351
Naranjilla
Type 1
specific
Solanum quitoense
227725
Narrowleaf cattail
Type 1
specific
Typha angustifolia
59011
Natal plum
Type 1
specific
Carissa macrocarpa
403101
Nectarine
Type 1
specific
Prunus persica var. nucipersica
323851
New Zealand spinach
Type 1
specific
Tetragonia tetragonioides
45318
Nopal
Type 1
specific
Opuntia cochenillifera
338184
Nutmeg
Type 1
specific
Myristica fragrans
51089
Nuts
Unknown
generic
Oat
Type 1
specific
Avena sativa
4498
Ohelo berry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium reticulatum
180767
Oil palm
Type 1
specific
Elaeis
51952
Oil-seed Camellia
Type 1
specific
Camellia oleifera
385388
Okra
Type 1
specific
Abelmoschus esculentus
455045
Olive
Type 1
specific
Olea europaea
4146
Onion-family vegetables
Unknown
generic
Opium poppy
Type 1
specific
Papaver somniferum
3469
Orange bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Orange mint
Type 1
specific
Mentha aquatica
190902
Oregon yampah
Type 1
specific
Perideridia oregana
234866
Oriental wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum turanicum
376534
Ostrich fern
Type 1
specific
Matteuccia struthiopteris
3277
Other bread
Type 2
specific
Other cereal product
Type 2
specific
Other soy product
Type 2
specific
Oval-leaf huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium ovalifolium
190544
Oxheart cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. conica
Oyster mushroom
Type 1
specific
Pleurotus ostreatus
5322
Pak choy
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. chinensis
93385
Papaya
Type 1
specific
Carica papaya
3649
Parsley
Type 1
specific
Petroselinum crispum
4043
Parsnip
Type 1
specific
Pastinaca sativa
4041
Passion fruit
Type 1
specific
Passiflora edulis
78168
Pasta
Type 2
specific
Peach
Type 1
specific
Prunus persica
3760
Peach (var.)
Type 1
specific
Prunus persica var. persica
323852
Peanut
Type 1
specific
Arachis hypogaea
3818
Pear
Type 1
specific
Pyrus communis
23211
Pecan nut
Type 1
specific
Carya illinoinensis
32201
Pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Pepper (C. baccatum)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum
165788
Pepper (C. chinense)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum chinense
80379
Pepper (C. frutescens)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum var. annuum
40321
Pepper (C. pubescens)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum pubescens
113210
Pepper (Capsicum)
Type 1
specific
Capsicum
4071
Pepper (Spice)
Type 1
specific
Piper nigrum
13216
Peppermint
Type 1
specific
Mentha X piperita
34256
Persian lime
Type 1
specific
Citrus latifolia
200541
Persimmon
Type 1
specific
Diospyros
13492
Pigeon pea
Type 1
specific
Cajanus cajan
3821
Pili nut
Type 1
specific
Canarium ovatum
43691
Pine nut
Type 1
specific
Pinus
3337
Pineapple
Type 1
specific
Ananas comosus
4615
Pineappple sage
Type 1
specific
Salvia elegans
888065
Pistachio
Type 1
specific
Pistacia vera
55513
Pitanga
Type 1
specific
Eugenia uniflora
119951
Plains prickly pear
Type 1
specific
Opuntia macrorhiza
1041245
Pomegranate
Type 1
specific
Punica granatum
22663
Pomes
Unknown
generic
Poppy
Type 1
specific
Papaver
3468
Pot marjoram
Type 1
specific
Origanum onites
452416
Potato
Type 1
specific
Solanum tuberosum
4113
Prairie turnip
Type 1
specific
Pediomelum esculentum
458363
Prickly pear
Type 1
specific
Opuntia
106975
Prunus (Cherry, Plum)
Type 1
specific
Prunus
3754
Pulses
Unknown
generic
Pummelo
Type 1
specific
Citrus maxima
37334
Purple laver
Type 1
specific
Porphyra laciniata
Purple mangosteen
Type 1
specific
Garcinia mangostana
58228
Purslane
Type 1
specific
Portulaca oleracea
46147
Quince
Type 1
specific
Cydonia oblonga
36610
Quinoa
Type 1
specific
Chenopodium quinoa
63459
Radish
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus
3726
Radish (var.)
Type 1
specific
Raphanus sativus var. sativus
240228
Rambutan
Type 1
specific
Nephelium lappaceum
151071
Rape
Type 1
specific
Brassica napus var. napus
138011
Rapini
Type 1
specific
Brassica ruvo
1204434
Red algae
Type 1
specific
Rhodophyta
2763
Red beetroot
Type 1
specific
Beta vulgaris var. rubra
Red bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Red huckleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium parvifolium
180766
Red onion
Type 1
Red raspberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus idaeus
32247
Red rice
Type 1
specific
Oryza rufipogon
4529
Red tea
Type 1
Redcurrant
Type 1
specific
Ribes rubrum
175228
Rice
Type 1
specific
Oryza sativa
4530
Rocket salad
Type 1
specific
Eruca vesicaria
180536
Rocket salad (ssp.)
Type 1
specific
Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa
29727
Romaine lettuce
Type 1
specific
Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia
Roman camomile
Type 1
specific
Chamaemelum nobile
99037
Root vegetables
Unknown
generic
Rose hip
Type 1
specific
Rosa
3764
Roselle
Type 1
specific
Hibiscus sabdariffa
183260
Rosemary
Type 1
specific
Rosmarinus officinalis
39367
Rowal
Type 1
specific
Pangium edule
112823
Rowanberry
Type 1
specific
Sorbus aucuparia
36599
Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry)
Type 1
specific
Rubus
23216
Rye
Type 1
specific
Secale cereale
4550
Sacred lotus
Type 1
specific
Nelumbo nucifera
4432
Safflower
Type 1
specific
Carthamus tinctorius
4222
Saffron
Type 1
specific
Crocus sativus
82528
Sago palm
Type 1
specific
Metroxylon sagu
93297
Salmonberry
Type 1
specific
Rubus spectabilis
59499
Sapodilla
Type 1
specific
Manilkara zapota
3741
Saskatoon berry
Type 1
specific
Amelanchier alnifolia
32219
Savoy cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda
1216010
Scarlet bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus coccineus
3886
Sea-buckthornberry
Type 1
specific
Hippophae rhamnoides
193516
Sesame
Type 1
specific
Sesamum orientale
4182
Sesbania flower
Type 1
specific
Sesbania bispinosa
485725
Shallot
Type 1
specific
Allium ascalonicum
1476995
Shea tree
Type 1
specific
Vitellaria paradoxa
292385
Shiitake
Type 1
specific
Lentinus edodes
5353
Silver linden
Type 1
specific
Tilia argentea
Skunk currant
Type 1
specific
Ribes glandulosum
175226
Small-leaf linden
Type 1
specific
Tilia cordata
172266
Soft-necked garlic
Type 1
specific
Allium sativum L. var. sativum
4682
Sorghum
Type 1
specific
Sorghum bicolor
4558
Sorrel
Type 1
specific
Rumex acetosa
41241
Sour cherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus cerasus
140311
Sourdock
Type 1
specific
Rumex articus
395311
Sourdough
Type 2
specific
Soursop
Type 1
specific
Annona muricata
13337
Soy bean
Type 1
specific
Glycine max
3847
Sparkleberry
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium arboreum
229201
Spearmint
Type 1
specific
Mentha spicata
29719
Spelt
Type 1
specific
Triticum spelta
58933
Spinach
Type 1
specific
Spinacia oleracea
3562
Spirulina
Type 1
specific
Spirulina
551299
Squashberry
Type 1
specific
Viburnum edule
237934
Star anise
Type 1
specific
Illicium verum
124778
Star fruit
Type 1
specific
Averrhoa carambola
28974
Strawberry
Type 1
specific
Fragaria X ananassa
3747
Strawberry guava
Type 1
specific
Psidium cattleianum
375274
Sugar apple
Type 1
specific
Annona squamosa
301693
Summer grape
Type 1
specific
Vitis aestivalis
3605
Summer savory
Type 1
specific
Satureja hortensis
49987
Sunburst squash (pattypan squash)
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata
Sunflower
Type 1
specific
Helianthus annuus
4232
Swamp cabbage
Type 1
specific
Ipomoea aquatica
89636
Swede
Type 1
specific
Brassica napus
3708
Sweet basil
Type 1
specific
Ocimum basilicum
39350
Sweet bay
Type 1
specific
Laurus nobilis
85223
Sweet cherry
Type 1
specific
Prunus avium
42229
Sweet marjoram
Type 1
specific
Origanum majorana
268884
Sweet orange
Type 1
specific
Citrus sinensis
2711
Sweet potato
Type 1
specific
Ipomoea batatas
4120
Sweet rowanberry
Type 1
specific
Grataegosorbus mitschurinii
Swiss chard
Type 1
specific
Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla
1527200
Tamarind
Type 1
specific
Tamarindus indica
58860
Taro
Type 1
specific
Colocasia esculenta
4460
Tarragon
Type 1
specific
Artemisia dracunculus
72341
Tartary buckwheat
Type 1
specific
Fagopyrum tataricum
62330
Tea
Type 1
specific
Camellia sinensis
4442
Tea leaf willow
Type 1
specific
Salix pulchra
669814
Teff
Type 1
specific
Eragrostis tef
110835
Thistle
Type 1
specific
Cirsium
41549
Tinda
Type 1
specific
Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus
Towel gourd
Type 1
specific
Luffa aegyptiaca
3670
Tree fern
Type 1
specific
Cyathea
Triticale
Type 1
specific
X Triticosecale rimpaui
Tronchuda cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea var. costata
416546
Turmeric
Type 1
specific
Curcuma longa
136217
Turnip
Type 1
specific
Brassica rapa var. rapa
51350
Ucuhuba
Type 1
specific
Virola surinamensis
224910
Vaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry)
Type 1
specific
Vaccinium
13749
Vanilla
Type 1
specific
Vanilla
51238
Wakame
Type 1
specific
Undaria pinnatifida
74381
Walnut
Type 1
specific
Juglans
16718
Wasabi
Type 1
specific
Wasabia japonica
75806
Watercress
Type 1
specific
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum
135518
Watermelon
Type 1
specific
Citrullus lanatus
3654
Wax apple
Type 1
specific
Eugenia javanica
119950
Wax gourd
Type 1
specific
Benincasa hispida
102211
Welsh onion
Type 1
specific
Allium fistulosum
35875
Wheat
Type 1
specific
Triticum
4564
White cabbage
Type 1
specific
Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.
White lupine
Type 1
specific
Lupinus albus
3870
White mustard
Type 1
specific
Sinapis alba
3728
Wild carrot
Type 1
specific
Daucus carota
4039
Wild celery
Type 1
specific
Apium graveolens
4045
Wild leek
Type 1
specific
Allium ampeloprasum
4681
Wild rice
Type 1
specific
Zizania
15949
Winged bean
Type 1
specific
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
3891
Winter savory
Type 1
specific
Satureja montana
49988
Winter squash
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita maxima
3661
Yam
Type 1
specific
Dioscorea
4672
Yardlong bean
Type 1
specific
Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis
138955
Yautia
Type 1
specific
Xanthosoma sagittifolium
28478
Yellow bell pepper
Type 1
specific
Capsicum annuum
4072
Yellow pond-lily
Type 1
specific
Nuphar lutea
77113
Yellow wax bean
Type 1
specific
Phaseolus vulgaris
3885
Yellow zucchini
Type 1
specific
Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica