1.0 2015-05-07 21:06:40 UTC 2019-11-26 03:22:10 UTC FDB031137 protoporphyrin IX Protoporphyrin ix is a member of the class of compounds known as porphyrins. Porphyrins are compounds containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure. Protoporphyrin ix is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Protoporphyrin ix can be found in a number of food items such as hyssop, garden onion (variety), carob, and capers, which makes protoporphyrin ix a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. C34H34N4O4 562.6582 562.258005596 3-[20-(2-carboxyethyl)-9,14-diethenyl-5,10,15,19-tetramethyl-21,22,23,24-tetraazapentacyclo[16.2.1.1³,⁶.1⁸,¹¹.1¹³,¹⁶]tetracosa-1,3(24),4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18(21),19-undecaen-4-yl]propanoic acid 3-[20-(2-carboxyethyl)-9,14-diethenyl-5,10,15,19-tetramethyl-21,22,23,24-tetraazapentacyclo[16.2.1.1³,⁶.1⁸,¹¹.1¹³,¹⁶]tetracosa-1,3(24),4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18(21),19-undecaen-4-yl]propanoic acid CC1=C(CCC(O)=O)C2=NC1=CC1=C(C=C)C(C)=C(N1)C=C1NC(=CC3=NC(=C2)C(CCC(O)=O)=C3C)C(C)=C1C=C InChI=1S/C34H34N4O4/c1-7-21-17(3)25-13-26-19(5)23(9-11-33(39)40)31(37-26)16-32-24(10-12-34(41)42)20(6)28(38-32)15-30-22(8-2)18(4)27(36-30)14-29(21)35-25/h7-8,13-16,35-36H,1-2,9-12H2,3-6H3,(H,39,40)(H,41,42)/b25-13-,26-13-,27-14-,28-15-,29-14-,30-15-,31-16-,32-16- ZCFFYALKHPIRKJ-UJJXFSCMSA-N logp 4.40 ALOGPS logs -4.41 ALOGPS solubility 2.21e-02 g/l ALOGPS logp 6.85 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 3.52 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 4.94 ChemAxon iupac 3-[20-(2-carboxyethyl)-9,14-diethenyl-5,10,15,19-tetramethyl-21,22,23,24-tetraazapentacyclo[16.2.1.1³,⁶.1⁸,¹¹.1¹³,¹⁶]tetracosa-1,3(24),4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18(21),19-undecaen-4-yl]propanoic acid ChemAxon average_mass 562.6582 ChemAxon mono_mass 562.258005596 ChemAxon smiles CC1=C(CCC(O)=O)C2=NC1=CC1=C(C=C)C(C)=C(N1)C=C1NC(=CC3=NC(=C2)C(CCC(O)=O)=C3C)C(C)=C1C=C ChemAxon formula C34H34N4O4 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C34H34N4O4/c1-7-21-17(3)25-13-26-19(5)23(9-11-33(39)40)31(37-26)16-32-24(10-12-34(41)42)20(6)28(38-32)15-30-22(8-2)18(4)27(36-30)14-29(21)35-25/h7-8,13-16,35-36H,1-2,9-12H2,3-6H3,(H,39,40)(H,41,42)/b25-13-,26-13-,27-14-,28-15-,29-14-,30-15-,31-16-,32-16- ChemAxon inchikey ZCFFYALKHPIRKJ-UJJXFSCMSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 131.96 ChemAxon refractivity 163.81 ChemAxon polarizability 66.14 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 8 ChemAxon acceptor_count 6 ChemAxon donor_count 4 ChemAxon physiological_charge -2 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::MsMs 19907 Specdb::MsMs 19908 Specdb::MsMs 19909 Specdb::MsMs 21458 Specdb::MsMs 21459 Specdb::MsMs 21460 Abalone Type 1 specific Haliotis 6452 Abiyuch Type 1 specific Crateva religiosa 202634 Acerola Type 1 specific Malpighia emarginata 151847 Acorn Type 1 specific Quercus 3511 Adzuki bean Type 1 specific Vigna angularis 3914 Agar Type 1 specific Eucheuma 31444 Agave Type 1 specific Agave 39509 Alaska blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium alaskaense 190544 Alaska wild rhubarb Type 1 specific Polygonum alpinum 125586 Alfalfa Type 1 specific Medicago sativa 3879 Allium Type 1 specific Allium 4678 Allspice Type 1 specific Pimenta dioica 375272 Almond Type 1 specific Prunus dulcis 3755 Alpine sweetvetch Type 1 specific Hedysarum alpinum 57576 Amaranth Type 1 specific Amaranthus 3564 American butterfish Type 1 specific Peprilus triacanthus 183653 American cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium macrocarpon 13750 American pokeweed Type 1 specific Phytolacca americana 3527 Angelica Type 1 specific Angelica keiskei 357850 Anise Type 1 specific Pimpinella anisum 271192 Annual wild rice Type 1 specific Zizania aquatica 75727 Apple Type 1 specific Malus pumila 283210 Apricot Type 1 specific Prunus armeniaca 36596 Arctic blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus arcticus 70741 Arrowhead Type 1 specific Sagittaria latifolia 15008 Arrowroot Type 1 specific Maranta arundinacea 210060 Asian pear Type 1 specific Pyrus pyrifolia 3767 Asparagus Type 1 specific Asparagus officinalis 4686 Atlantic herring Type 1 specific Clupea harengus harengus 7950 Avocado Type 1 specific Persea americana 3435 Babassu palm Type 1 specific Attalea speciosa 145700 Bamboo shoots Type 1 specific Phyllostachys edulis 38705 Banana Type 1 specific Musa acuminata 4641 Barley Type 1 specific Hordeum vulgare 4513 Bayberry Type 1 specific Myrica 3509 Bean Type 1 specific Beech nut Type 1 specific Fagus 21024 Bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtillus 180763 Biscuit Type 2 specific Bitter gourd Type 1 specific Momordica charantia 3673 Black cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. viridis 3713 Black chokeberry Type 1 specific Photinia melanocarpa 661339 Black crowberry Type 1 specific Empetrum nigrum 191066 Black elderberry Type 1 specific Sambucus nigra 4202 Black huckleberry Type 1 specific Gaylussacia baccata 128893 Black mulberry Type 1 specific Morus nigra 85232 Black radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. niger 41679 Black raspberry Type 1 specific Rubus occidentalis 75079 Black salsify Type 1 specific Scorzonera hispanica 114289 Black tea Type 1 Black walnut Type 1 specific Juglans nigra 16719 Black-eyed pea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata 3920 Blackcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes nigrum 78511 Bog bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium uliginosum 190548 Borage Type 1 specific Borago officinalis 13363 Boysenberry Type 1 specific Rubus ursinus X idaeus Brassicas Unknown generic 3705 Brazil nut Type 1 specific Bertholletia excelsa 3645 Breadfruit Type 1 specific Artocarpus altilis 194251 Breadnut tree seed Type 1 specific Brosimum alicastrum 194253 Breakfast cereal Type 2 specific Broad bean Type 1 specific Vicia faba 3906 Broccoli Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. italica 36774 Brussel sprouts Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera 178616 Buffalo currant Type 1 specific Ribes aureum var. villosum 23283 Burbot Type 1 specific Lota lota 69944 Burdock Type 1 specific Arctium lappa 4217 Butternut Type 1 specific Juglans cinerea 91214 Butternut squash Type 1 specific Cucurbita moschata 3662 Cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. capitata 3716 Calabash Type 1 specific Lagenaria siceraria 3668 Canada blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtilloides 1503870 Canola Type 2 specific 138011 Capers Type 1 specific Capparis spinosa 65558 Caraway Type 1 specific Carum carvi 48032 Cardamom Type 1 specific Elettaria cardamomum 105181 Cardoon Type 1 specific Cynara cardunculus 4265 Carob Type 1 specific Ceratonia siliqua 20340 Carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota ssp. sativus 79200 Cascade huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium deliciosum 190531 Cashew nut Type 1 specific Anacardium occidentale 171929 Cassava Type 1 specific Manihot esculenta 3983 Catjang pea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica 3840 Cauliflower Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. botrytis 3715 Celeriac Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. rapaceum 278110 Celery leaves Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. secalinum 941588 Celery stalks Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. dulce 117781 Cereals and cereal products Unknown generic Ceylon cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum verum 128608 Chanterelle Type 1 specific Cantharellus cibarius 36066 Chayote Type 1 specific Sechium edule 184140 Cherimoya Type 1 specific Annona cherimola 49314 Cherry tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme 195583 Chervil Type 1 specific Anthriscus cerefolium 40888 Chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea 21019 Chia Type 1 specific Salvia hispanica 49212 Chickpea Type 1 specific Cicer arietinum 3827 Chicory Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus 13427 Chicory leaves Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus var. foliosum 13427 Chicory roots Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus var. sativum 13427 Chinese bayberry Type 1 specific Myrica rubra 262757 Chinese broccoli Type 1 specific Brassica alboglabra 3714 Chinese cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica rapa 3711 Chinese chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea mollissima 60419 Chinese chives Type 1 specific Allium tuberosum 4683 Chinese cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum aromaticum 119260 Chinese mustard Type 1 specific Brassica juncea 3707 Chinese water chestnut Type 1 specific Eleocharis dulcis 110284 Chives Type 1 specific Allium schoenoprasum 74900 Cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum 13428 Citrus Unknown generic Climbing bean Type 1 specific Vigna umbellata 87088 Cloud ear fungus Type 1 specific Auricularia polytricha 29893 Cloudberry Type 1 specific Rubus chamaemorus 57936 Cloves Type 1 specific Syzygium aromaticum 219868 Cocoa bean Type 1 specific Theobroma cacao 3641 Coconut Type 1 specific Cocos nucifera 13894 Colorado pinyon Type 1 specific Pinus edulis 3340 Common bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 Common beet Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris 161934 Common buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum esculentum 3617 Common cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea 3712 Common chokecherry Type 1 specific Prunus virginiana 133204 Common grape Type 1 specific Vitis vinifera 29760 Common hazelnut Type 1 specific Corylus avellana 13451 Common mushroom Type 1 specific Agaricus bisporus 5341 Common oregano Type 1 specific Origanum vulgare 39352 Common pea Type 1 specific Pisum sativum 3888 Common persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros virginiana 13493 Common sage Type 1 specific Salvia officinalis 38868 Common salsify Type 1 specific Tragopogon porrifolius 13731 Common thyme Type 1 specific Thymus vulgaris 49992 Common verbena Type 1 specific Verbena officinalis 79772 Common walnut Type 1 specific Juglans regia 51240 Common wheat Type 1 specific Triticum aestivum 4565 Conch Type 1 specific Strombidae 69694 Coriander Type 1 specific Coriandrum sativum 4047 Corn Type 1 specific Zea mays 4577 Corn salad Type 1 specific Valerianella locusta 59166 Cornmint Type 1 specific Mentha arvensis 292239 Cottonseed Type 1 specific Gossypium 3633 Cowpea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata 3917 Cucumber Type 1 specific Cucumis sativus 3659 Cucurbita Type 1 specific Cucurbita 3660 Cumin Type 1 specific Cuminum cyminum 52462 Cupuaçu Type 1 specific Theobroma grandiflorum 108881 Custard apple Type 1 specific Annona reticulata 301862 Daikon radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 41679 Dandelion Type 1 specific Taraxacum officinale 50225 Date Type 1 specific Phoenix dactylifera 42345 Deerberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium stamineum 176259 Devilfish Type 1 specific Myoxocephalus 8095 Dill Type 1 specific Anethum graveolens 40922 Dock Type 1 specific Rumex 3618 Durian Type 1 specific Durio zibethinus 66656 Eggplant Type 1 specific Solanum melongena 4111 Elderberry Type 1 specific Sambucus 4201 Elliott's blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium elliottii 283798 Endive Type 1 specific Cichorium endivia 114280 Enokitake Type 1 specific Flammulina velutipes 38945 Epazote Type 1 specific Dysphania ambrosioides 330163 European chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea sativa 21020 European cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium oxycoccos 516948 European plum Type 1 specific Prunus domestica 3758 Evening primrose Type 1 specific Oenothera biennis 3942 Evergreen huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium ovatum 84019 Feijoa Type 1 specific Feijoa sellowiana 260130 Fennel Type 1 specific Foeniculum vulgare 48038 Fenugreek Type 1 specific Trigonella foenum-graecum 78534 Fig Type 1 specific Ficus carica 3494 Fireweed Type 1 specific Chamerion angustifolium 13055 Flaxseed Type 1 specific Linum usitatissimum 4006 Fox grape Type 1 specific Vitis labrusca 103355 French plantain Type 1 specific Musa X paradisiaca 89151 Fruits Unknown generic Garden cress Type 1 specific Lepidium sativum 33125 Garden onion Type 1 specific Allium cepa 4679 Garden onion (var.) Type 1 specific Allium cepa var. cepa 4679 Garden rhubarb Type 1 specific Rheum rhabarbarum 3621 Garden tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum 4081 Garden tomato (var.) Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum 397755 Garland chrysanthemum Type 1 specific Chrysanthemum coronarium 99038 Garlic Type 1 specific Allium sativum 4682 German camomile Type 1 specific Matricaria recutita 127986 Giant butterbur Type 1 specific Petasites japonicus 186965 Ginger Type 1 specific Zingiber officinale 94328 Ginkgo nuts Type 1 specific Ginkgo biloba 3311 Ginseng Type 1 specific Panax 4054 Globe artichoke Type 1 specific Cynara scolymus 59895 Gooseberry Type 1 specific Ribes uva-crispa 135518 Gram bean Type 1 specific Vigna mungo 3915 Grape Type 1 specific Vitis 3603 Grapefruit Type 1 specific Citrus X paradisi 37656 Grapefruit/Pummelo hybrid Type 1 specific Citrus paradisi X Citrus maxima 37656 Grass pea Type 1 specific Lathyrus sativus 3860 Green bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 Green bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Green onion Type 1 Green tea Type 1 Green vegetables Unknown generic Green zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica Greenthread tea Type 1 specific Thelesperma 153159 Groundcherry Type 1 specific Physalis 24663 Guava Type 1 specific Psidium guajava 120290 Half-highbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosum 934696 Hard wheat Type 1 specific Triticum durum 4567 Hazelnut Type 1 specific Corylus 13450 Hedge mustard Type 1 specific Sisymbrium 3729 Herbal tea Type 1 Herbs and Spices Unknown generic Hickory nut Type 1 specific Carya 13402 Highbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium corymbosum 69266 Horned melon Type 2 specific Cucumis metuliferus 61886 Horseradish Type 1 specific Armoracia rusticana 3704 Horseradish tree Type 1 specific Moringa oleifera 3735 Hyacinth bean Type 1 specific Lablab purpureus 35936 Hyssop Type 1 specific Hyssopus officinalis 39324 Irish moss Type 1 specific Chondrus crispus 2769 Italian oregano Type 1 specific Origanum X majoricum 1384207 Italian sweet red pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Jackfruit Type 1 specific Artocarpus heterophyllus 3489 Japanese chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea crenata 103480 Japanese persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros kaki 35925 Japanese pumpkin Type 1 specific Cucurbita maxima 3661 Japanese walnut Type 1 specific Juglans ailanthifolia 91209 Java plum Type 1 specific Syzygium cumini 260142 Jerusalem artichoke Type 1 specific Helianthus tuberosus 4233 Jew's ear Type 1 specific Auricularia auricula-judae 29892 Jicama Type 1 specific Pachyrhizus erosus 109171 Jostaberry Type 1 specific Ribes × nidigrolaria Jujube Type 1 specific Ziziphus zizyphus 48393 Jute Type 1 specific Corchorus olitorius 93759 Kai-lan Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra 3714 Kale Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. pabularia Kelp Type 1 specific Laminaria 33637 Kiwi Type 1 specific Actinidia chinensis 3625 Kohlrabi Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes 109379 Komatsuna Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. perviridis 344680 Kombu Type 1 specific Saccharina japonica 88149 Kumquat Type 1 specific Fortunella 2706 Lambsquarters Type 1 specific Chenopodium album 3559 Leek Type 1 specific Allium porrum Lemon Type 1 specific Citrus limon 2708 Lemon balm Type 1 specific Melissa officinalis 39338 Lemon grass Type 1 specific Cymbopogon citratus 66014 Lemon thyme Type 1 specific Thymus pulegioides 751873 Lemon verbena Type 1 specific Aloysia triphylla 542672 Lentils Type 1 generic Lens culinaris 3864 Lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa 4236 Lichee Type 1 specific Litchi chinensis 151069 Lima bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus lunatus 3884 Lime Type 1 specific Citrus aurantiifolia 159033 Linden Type 1 specific Tilia 64580 Lingonberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium vitis-idaea 180772 Loganberry Type 1 specific Rubus loganobaccus Longan Type 1 specific Dimocarpus longan 128017 Loquat Type 1 specific Eriobotrya japonica 32224 Lotus Type 1 specific Nelumbo 4430 Lovage Type 1 specific Levisticum officinale 48042 Lowbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium angustifolium 472369 Lupine Type 1 specific Lupinus 3869 Macadamia nut Type 1 specific Macadamia 4329 Macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla) Type 1 specific Macadamia tetraphylla 512563 Maitake Type 1 specific Grifola frondosa 5627 Malabar plum Type 1 specific Syzygium jambos 334483 Malabar spinach Type 1 specific Basella alba 3589 Malus (Crab apple) Type 1 specific Malus 3749 Mamey sapote Type 1 specific Pouteria sapota 233744 Mammee apple Type 1 specific Mammea americana 198777 Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine) Type 1 specific Citrus reticulata 85571 Mango Type 1 specific Mangifera indica 29780 Medlar Type 1 specific Mespilus germanica 36616 Mentha Type 1 specific Mentha 21819 Mexican groundcherry Type 1 specific Physalis philadelphica var. immaculata 374021 Mexican oregano Type 1 specific Lippia graveolens Millet Type 1 specific Panicum miliaceum 4540 Mixed nuts Type 2 specific Moth bean Type 1 specific Vigna aconitifolia 3918 Mountain yam Type 1 specific Dioscorea pentaphylla 167592 Mugwort Type 1 specific Artemisia vulgaris 4220 Mulberry Type 1 specific Morus 3497 Mung bean Type 1 specific Vigna radiata 157791 Muscadine grape Type 1 specific Vitis rotundifolia 103349 Muskmelon Type 1 specific Cucumis melo 3656 Mustard spinach Type 1 specific Brassica perviridis Nance Type 1 specific Byrsonima crassifolia 4270 Nanking cherry Type 1 specific Prunus tomentosa 105667 Napa cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. pekinensis 51351 Naranjilla Type 1 specific Solanum quitoense 227725 Narrowleaf cattail Type 1 specific Typha angustifolia 59011 Natal plum Type 1 specific Carissa macrocarpa 403101 Nectarine Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. nucipersica 323851 New Zealand spinach Type 1 specific Tetragonia tetragonioides 45318 Nopal Type 1 specific Opuntia cochenillifera 338184 Nutmeg Type 1 specific Myristica fragrans 51089 Nuts Unknown generic Oat Type 1 specific Avena sativa 4498 Ohelo berry Type 1 specific Vaccinium reticulatum 180767 Oil palm Type 1 specific Elaeis 51952 Oil-seed Camellia Type 1 specific Camellia oleifera 385388 Okra Type 1 specific Abelmoschus esculentus 455045 Olive Type 1 specific Olea europaea 4146 Onion-family vegetables Unknown generic Opium poppy Type 1 specific Papaver somniferum 3469 Orange bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Orange mint Type 1 specific Mentha aquatica 190902 Oregon yampah Type 1 specific Perideridia oregana 234866 Oriental wheat Type 1 specific Triticum turanicum 376534 Ostrich fern Type 1 specific Matteuccia struthiopteris 3277 Other bread Type 2 specific Other cereal product Type 2 specific Other soy product Type 2 specific Oval-leaf huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium ovalifolium 190544 Oxheart cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. conica Oyster mushroom Type 1 specific Pleurotus ostreatus 5322 Pak choy Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. chinensis 93385 Papaya Type 1 specific Carica papaya 3649 Parsley Type 1 specific Petroselinum crispum 4043 Parsnip Type 1 specific Pastinaca sativa 4041 Passion fruit Type 1 specific Passiflora edulis 78168 Pasta Type 2 specific Peach Type 1 specific Prunus persica 3760 Peach (var.) Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. persica 323852 Peanut Type 1 specific Arachis hypogaea 3818 Pear Type 1 specific Pyrus communis 23211 Pecan nut Type 1 specific Carya illinoinensis 32201 Pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Pepper (C. baccatum) Type 1 specific Capsicum baccatum var. baccatum 165788 Pepper (C. chinense) Type 1 specific Capsicum chinense 80379 Pepper (C. frutescens) Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum var. annuum 40321 Pepper (C. pubescens) Type 1 specific Capsicum pubescens 113210 Pepper (Capsicum) Type 1 specific Capsicum 4071 Pepper (Spice) Type 1 specific Piper nigrum 13216 Peppermint Type 1 specific Mentha X piperita 34256 Persian lime Type 1 specific Citrus latifolia 200541 Persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros 13492 Pigeon pea Type 1 specific Cajanus cajan 3821 Pili nut Type 1 specific Canarium ovatum 43691 Pine nut Type 1 specific Pinus 3337 Pineapple Type 1 specific Ananas comosus 4615 Pineappple sage Type 1 specific Salvia elegans 888065 Pistachio Type 1 specific Pistacia vera 55513 Pitanga Type 1 specific Eugenia uniflora 119951 Plains prickly pear Type 1 specific Opuntia macrorhiza 1041245 Pomegranate Type 1 specific Punica granatum 22663 Pomes Unknown generic Poppy Type 1 specific Papaver 3468 Pot marjoram Type 1 specific Origanum onites 452416 Potato Type 1 specific Solanum tuberosum 4113 Prairie turnip Type 1 specific Pediomelum esculentum 458363 Prickly pear Type 1 specific Opuntia 106975 Prunus (Cherry, Plum) Type 1 specific Prunus 3754 Pulses Unknown generic Pummelo Type 1 specific Citrus maxima 37334 Purple laver Type 1 specific Porphyra laciniata Purple mangosteen Type 1 specific Garcinia mangostana 58228 Purslane Type 1 specific Portulaca oleracea 46147 Quince Type 1 specific Cydonia oblonga 36610 Quinoa Type 1 specific Chenopodium quinoa 63459 Radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus 3726 Radish (var.) Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. sativus 240228 Rambutan Type 1 specific Nephelium lappaceum 151071 Rape Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. napus 138011 Rapini Type 1 specific Brassica ruvo 1204434 Red algae Type 1 specific Rhodophyta 2763 Red beetroot Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris var. rubra Red bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Red huckleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium parvifolium 180766 Red onion Type 1 Red raspberry Type 1 specific Rubus idaeus 32247 Red rice Type 1 specific Oryza rufipogon 4529 Red tea Type 1 Redcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes rubrum 175228 Rice Type 1 specific Oryza sativa 4530 Rocket salad Type 1 specific Eruca vesicaria 180536 Rocket salad (ssp.) Type 1 specific Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa 29727 Romaine lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Roman camomile Type 1 specific Chamaemelum nobile 99037 Root vegetables Unknown generic Rose hip Type 1 specific Rosa 3764 Roselle Type 1 specific Hibiscus sabdariffa 183260 Rosemary Type 1 specific Rosmarinus officinalis 39367 Rowal Type 1 specific Pangium edule 112823 Rowanberry Type 1 specific Sorbus aucuparia 36599 Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry) Type 1 specific Rubus 23216 Rye Type 1 specific Secale cereale 4550 Sacred lotus Type 1 specific Nelumbo nucifera 4432 Safflower Type 1 specific Carthamus tinctorius 4222 Saffron Type 1 specific Crocus sativus 82528 Sago palm Type 1 specific Metroxylon sagu 93297 Salmonberry Type 1 specific Rubus spectabilis 59499 Sapodilla Type 1 specific Manilkara zapota 3741 Saskatoon berry Type 1 specific Amelanchier alnifolia 32219 Savoy cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. sabauda 1216010 Scarlet bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus coccineus 3886 Sea-buckthornberry Type 1 specific Hippophae rhamnoides 193516 Sesame Type 1 specific Sesamum orientale 4182 Sesbania flower Type 1 specific Sesbania bispinosa 485725 Shallot Type 1 specific Allium ascalonicum 1476995 Shea tree Type 1 specific Vitellaria paradoxa 292385 Shiitake Type 1 specific Lentinus edodes 5353 Silver linden Type 1 specific Tilia argentea Skunk currant Type 1 specific Ribes glandulosum 175226 Small-leaf linden Type 1 specific Tilia cordata 172266 Soft-necked garlic Type 1 specific Allium sativum L. var. sativum 4682 Sorghum Type 1 specific Sorghum bicolor 4558 Sorrel Type 1 specific Rumex acetosa 41241 Sour cherry Type 1 specific Prunus cerasus 140311 Sourdock Type 1 specific Rumex articus 395311 Sourdough Type 2 specific Soursop Type 1 specific Annona muricata 13337 Soy bean Type 1 specific Glycine max 3847 Sparkleberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium arboreum 229201 Spearmint Type 1 specific Mentha spicata 29719 Spelt Type 1 specific Triticum spelta 58933 Spinach Type 1 specific Spinacia oleracea 3562 Spirulina Type 1 specific Spirulina 551299 Squashberry Type 1 specific Viburnum edule 237934 Star anise Type 1 specific Illicium verum 124778 Star fruit Type 1 specific Averrhoa carambola 28974 Strawberry Type 1 specific Fragaria X ananassa 3747 Strawberry guava Type 1 specific Psidium cattleianum 375274 Sugar apple Type 1 specific Annona squamosa 301693 Summer grape Type 1 specific Vitis aestivalis 3605 Summer savory Type 1 specific Satureja hortensis 49987 Sunburst squash (pattypan squash) Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata Sunflower Type 1 specific Helianthus annuus 4232 Swamp cabbage Type 1 specific Ipomoea aquatica 89636 Swede Type 1 specific Brassica napus 3708 Sweet basil Type 1 specific Ocimum basilicum 39350 Sweet bay Type 1 specific Laurus nobilis 85223 Sweet cherry Type 1 specific Prunus avium 42229 Sweet marjoram Type 1 specific Origanum majorana 268884 Sweet orange Type 1 specific Citrus sinensis 2711 Sweet potato Type 1 specific Ipomoea batatas 4120 Sweet rowanberry Type 1 specific Grataegosorbus mitschurinii Swiss chard Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla 1527200 Tamarind Type 1 specific Tamarindus indica 58860 Taro Type 1 specific Colocasia esculenta 4460 Tarragon Type 1 specific Artemisia dracunculus 72341 Tartary buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum tataricum 62330 Tea Type 1 specific Camellia sinensis 4442 Tea leaf willow Type 1 specific Salix pulchra 669814 Teff Type 1 specific Eragrostis tef 110835 Thistle Type 1 specific Cirsium 41549 Tinda Type 1 specific Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus Towel gourd Type 1 specific Luffa aegyptiaca 3670 Tree fern Type 1 specific Cyathea Triticale Type 1 specific X Triticosecale rimpaui Tronchuda cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. costata 416546 Turmeric Type 1 specific Curcuma longa 136217 Turnip Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. rapa 51350 Ucuhuba Type 1 specific Virola surinamensis 224910 Vaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry) Type 1 specific Vaccinium 13749 Vanilla Type 1 specific Vanilla 51238 Wakame Type 1 specific Undaria pinnatifida 74381 Walnut Type 1 specific Juglans 16718 Wasabi Type 1 specific Wasabia japonica 75806 Watercress Type 1 specific Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum 135518 Watermelon Type 1 specific Citrullus lanatus 3654 Wax apple Type 1 specific Eugenia javanica 119950 Wax gourd Type 1 specific Benincasa hispida 102211 Welsh onion Type 1 specific Allium fistulosum 35875 Wheat Type 1 specific Triticum 4564 White cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC. White lupine Type 1 specific Lupinus albus 3870 White mustard Type 1 specific Sinapis alba 3728 Wild carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota 4039 Wild celery Type 1 specific Apium graveolens 4045 Wild leek Type 1 specific Allium ampeloprasum 4681 Wild rice Type 1 specific Zizania 15949 Winged bean Type 1 specific Psophocarpus tetragonolobus 3891 Winter savory Type 1 specific Satureja montana 49988 Winter squash Type 1 specific Cucurbita maxima 3661 Yam Type 1 specific Dioscorea 4672 Yardlong bean Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis 138955 Yautia Type 1 specific Xanthosoma sagittifolium 28478 Yellow bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Yellow pond-lily Type 1 specific Nuphar lutea 77113 Yellow wax bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 Yellow zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica