| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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| Abortifacient | 50691 | An agent that induces abortion, disrupting pregnancy by blocking progesterone or causing uterine contractions. Therapeutically, it's used to terminate early pregnancies, manage ectopic pregnancies, or treat miscarriages. Key medical uses include medical abortion, pregnancy termination, and menstrual regulation. | DUKE | | Adrenergic | 37962 | An agent that stimulates the adrenergic nervous system, mimicking the effects of adrenaline. It plays a biological role in regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and energy. Therapeutically, adrenergic agents are used to treat conditions such as asthma, hypertension, and cardiac arrest, with key medical uses including bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, and increased cardiac output. | DUKE | | Aryl-hydrocarbon-hydroxylase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of aryl-hydrocarbon-hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in metabolizing toxic compounds. Therapeutically, it reduces toxicity and carcinogenesis, commonly used in managing chemical exposure and certain cancers. | DUKE | | Analeptic | 35337 | A central nervous system stimulant that increases alertness and counteracts depression, used therapeutically to treat conditions such as respiratory depression, sedative overdose, and coma, by enhancing brain activity and promoting arousal. | DUKE | | Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE | | Anesthetic | | A drug that induces a reversible loss of sensation, used to prevent pain and discomfort during medical procedures, surgeries, and diagnostic tests, promoting patient comfort and facilitating treatment. | DUKE | | Anti aflatoxin | 35222 | An agent that neutralizes or removes aflatoxins, toxic compounds produced by mold, reducing the risk of liver damage and cancer. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent aflatoxin poisoning, commonly in food safety and liver protection applications, and may have potential in cancer prevention and treatment. | DUKE | | Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE | | Anti-clastogen | | An agent that inhibits mutagenic agents, preventing chromosome breakage and disruption, used to reduce genetic damage and cancer risk, with therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, and key medical uses in protecting against radiation and chemical-induced DNA damage. | DUKE | | Anti convulsant | 52217 | An agent that reduces or prevents seizures, commonly used in managing epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and mood disorders, by stabilizing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. | DUKE | | Anti-edemic | | An agent that relieves or prevents edema, reducing abnormal fluid accumulation in tissues or the circulatory system, commonly used to treat conditions such as swelling, inflammation, and water retention. | DUKE | | Anti-fertility | | An agent that inhibits reproduction, playing a biological role in population control. Therapeutically, it's used as a contraceptive, with key medical applications in family planning and birth control, preventing unwanted pregnancies and managing reproductive health. | DUKE | | Anti glucuronidase | 23924 | An enzyme inhibitor that blocks glucuronidase activity, preventing the breakdown of glucuronides. It has therapeutic applications in reducing beta-glucuronidase-mediated toxicity and is used to enhance cancer chemotherapy, particularly in treatments involving glucuronide-based prodrugs, and to manage certain gastrointestinal disorders. | DUKE | | Anti implantation | | An agent that prevents the adherence of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, playing a biological role in regulating fertility. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent pregnancy, with key medical applications in contraception and family planning. | DUKE | | Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE | | Anti leishmanic | 33281 | An agent that treats Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasites. It kills or inhibits the growth of these parasites, reducing symptoms and preventing disease progression. Therapeutically, anti-leishmanics are used to manage cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis, often in combination with other treatments. Key medical uses include treating infected individuals, particularly in endemic regions. | DUKE | | Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE | | Anti-narcotic | | An agent that counteracts the effects of narcotics, used to treat narcotic overdose, manage withdrawal symptoms, and support addiction recovery, by blocking opioid receptors and reducing euphoria and dependence. | DUKE | | Anti nociceptive | 35470 | An agent that reduces the sensitivity to painful stimuli, blocking the transmission of pain signals. Its biological role is to modulate pain perception, with therapeutic applications in managing acute and chronic pain. Key medical uses include treating headaches, arthritis, and post-surgical pain, as well as providing relief for cancer and neuropathic pain. | DUKE | | Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE | | Anti plasmodial | 33281 | An agent that inhibits the growth of Plasmodium parasites, reducing malaria symptoms. Therapeutically, it's used to treat and prevent malaria, with key medical applications including prophylaxis and treatment of malaria infections. | DUKE | | Anti pyretic | 35493 | An agent that reduces fever, commonly used to relieve headache, pain, and discomfort associated with elevated body temperature, and to manage fever in various medical conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. | DUKE | | Anti septic | 33281 | An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management. | DUKE | | Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE | | Anti substance-P | 35222 | An agent that blocks the activity of substance-P, a neurotransmitter involved in pain transmission and inflammation. It reduces pain and inflammation, commonly used in managing conditions such as arthritis, neuropathic pain, and migraine headaches. | DUKE | | ATPase stimulant | | An agent that enhances ATPase enzyme activity, increasing ATP decomposition into ADP and phosphate. It plays a biological role in regulating cellular energy, and has therapeutic applications in treating cardiovascular and neurological disorders, with key medical uses including heart failure and stroke management. | DUKE | | Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE | | Carcinogenic | 50903 | An agent that causes cancer, damaging cellular DNA and disrupting normal cell growth. It has no therapeutic applications, but understanding its biological role informs cancer prevention and treatment strategies, with key medical uses in oncology research and risk assessment. | DUKE | | Cardiotonic | 38070 | An agent that strengthens heart muscle contractions, enhancing cardiac output. It plays a biological role in regulating heart function and is therapeutically used to treat heart failure, improving symptoms and exercise tolerance. Key medical uses include managing cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure. | DUKE | | Carminative | | An agent that prevents or relieves gas in the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating its expulsion and combating flatulence, commonly used to soothe digestive issues and alleviate symptoms of bloating and discomfort. | DUKE | | Catecholaminogenic | | A chemical that modulates the catecholamine system, influencing adrenergic and dopaminergic pathways. It plays a biological role in regulating neurotransmitter activity, and has therapeutic applications in treating conditions such as depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Parkinson's disease. Key medical uses include managing mood disorders, cognitive function, and motor control. | DUKE | | Central nervous system stimulant | 35470 | An agent that increases alertness and activity by enhancing neurotransmitter release, used therapeutically to manage attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and fatigue, and to improve cognitive function and mood. | DUKE | | Cytochrome-p450 inducer | | An agent that stimulates cytochrome-p450 enzyme activity, enhancing drug metabolism. Therapeutically, it increases clearance of toxic substances and certain medications, with applications in managing drug interactions, toxic exposures, and some cancers. | DUKE | | Cytochrome-P450 inhibitor | 50183 | An agent that blocks the activity of cytochrome-P450 enzymes, reducing drug metabolism. Therapeutically, it's used to increase the efficacy of certain medications, manage drug interactions, and treat conditions like erectile dysfunction, by inhibiting the breakdown of key drugs, allowing them to remain active in the body for a longer period. | DUKE | | Diaphoretic | | An agent that induces perspiration, playing a biological role in thermoregulation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat fever, detoxify, and relieve congestion. Key medical uses include managing hyperthermia, aiding in toxin removal, and alleviating symptoms of colds and flu. | DUKE | | Endorphinogenic | | A substance that stimulates the release of endorphins, the body's natural painkillers, promoting feelings of well-being and pain relief. It has therapeutic applications in managing pain, anxiety, and depression, with key medical uses including pain management and mood disorders. | DUKE | | Epinephrininergic | | An agent that mimics or enhances the effects of epinephrine, a neurotransmitter involved in the body's "fight or flight" response. It plays a biological role in regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and energy metabolism. Therapeutically, epinephrininergic agents are used to treat conditions such as asthma, anaphylaxis, and cardiac arrest, and have key medical uses in emergency medicine and critical care. | DUKE | | Name | 48318 | flavor | DUKE | | Hepatoprotective | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, promoting liver health and function. It plays a biological role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and has therapeutic applications in managing liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and key medical uses in treating drug-induced liver injury and toxicities. | DUKE | | Hepatoregenerative | 62868 | An agent that promotes liver regeneration and repair, supporting the biological role of liver tissue restoration. It has therapeutic applications in treating liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatitis, and key medical uses include enhancing liver function and reducing liver damage. | DUKE | | Hypertensive | | An agent that increases blood pressure, used therapeutically to treat hypotension (low blood pressure) and shock, and medically to manage conditions such as orthostatic hypotension and postural hypotension. | DUKE | | Hypotensive | | An agent that lowers blood pressure, playing a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and angina, with key medical applications in preventing stroke, kidney disease, and cardiac complications. | DUKE | | Insecticide | 24852 | An agent that kills or repels insects, used to control pests and prevent disease transmission. Therapeutically, insecticides have applications in public health and veterinary medicine, key medical uses include controlling insect-borne diseases such as malaria, typhus, and Lyme disease. | DUKE | | Insectifuge | 24852 | A substance that repels insects, playing a biological role in plant defense. Therapeutically, it has applications in preventing insect-borne diseases. Key medical uses include topical repellents for malaria, dengue fever, and other vector-borne illnesses, reducing the risk of transmission. | DUKE | | Mutagenic | | An agent that induces genetic mutations, altering DNA sequences. It plays a biological role in evolution and adaptation. Therapeutically, mutagenic agents are used in cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, and in gene therapy to introduce beneficial traits. Key medical uses include oncology and genetic research. | DUKE | | Myocontractant | | An agent that stimulates contractions of smooth muscle, playing a biological role in regulating muscle tone. Therapeutically, it has applications in treating conditions like uterine atony and gastrointestinal disorders. Key medical uses include inducing labor, managing postpartum hemorrhage, and treating gastrointestinal motility issues. | DUKE | | Myorelaxant | | An agent that reduces muscle contractility by blocking nerve impulses or decreasing motor end plate excitability, used therapeutically to relieve muscle spasms, tension, and pain, commonly in managing musculoskeletal disorders, anxiety, and insomnia. | DUKE | | Parasiticide | | An agent that kills parasites, used in medicine and veterinary medicine to treat parasitic infections, particularly those caused by protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites, playing a crucial role in managing diseases such as malaria, worms, and lice infestations. | DUKE | | Peristaltic | | An agent that stimulates peristalsis, promoting muscle contractions in the digestive tract to move food through the system, aiding digestion and bowel movements, with therapeutic applications in treating constipation, gastrointestinal disorders, and post-surgical bowel obstruction. | DUKE | | Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE | | Respirostimulant | | An agent that increases ventilation, enhancing airflow between the environment and lungs. It plays a biological role in regulating breathing, and has therapeutic applications in treating respiratory disorders, such as apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Key medical uses include stimulating breathing in patients with respiratory depression or failure. | DUKE | | Secretogogue | | A substance that stimulates secretion, playing a biological role in regulating hormone and enzyme release. Therapeutically, it has applications in treating conditions like hyposecretion and is used to manage digestive issues, respiratory problems, and endocrine disorders, promoting healthy secretion in various bodily systems. | DUKE | | Serotoninergic | 48278 | An agent that modulates serotonin activity, regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. It has therapeutic applications in treating depression, anxiety, and mood disorders, with key medical uses including antidepressants, anxiolytics, and anti-migraine medications. | DUKE | | Spermigenic | | An agent that induces sperm production, playing a biological role in male fertility. It has therapeutic applications in treating infertility and low sperm count, with key medical uses including assisted reproduction and hormonal regulation. | DUKE | | Stimulant | | An agent that enhances alertness, wakefulness, and physical activity by increasing brain activity. Therapeutically, it is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and certain cases of depression, improving focus, attention, and overall mental performance. | DUKE | | Thermogenic | | An agent that increases heat production through metabolic stimulation, used to enhance weight loss, improve insulin sensitivity, and treat conditions like hypothyroidism and obesity, by stimulating metabolism and energy expenditure. | DUKE | | Thyrostimulant | | An agent that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones regulating growth, development, and metabolism, used therapeutically to treat hypothyroidism and other thyroid disorders. | DUKE |
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