Showing Compound Glycine (FDB000484)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation date

2010-04-08 22:04:35 UTC

Update date

2020-09-17 15:42:09 UTC

Primary ID

FDB000484

Secondary Accession Numbers

Not Available

Chemical Information

FooDB Name

Glycine

Description

Glycine, also known as Gly or aminoacetic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Glycine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Glycine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Glycine is an odorless tasting compound. Outside of the human body, Glycine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as gelatins, gelatin desserts, and beluga whales and in a lower concentration in hedge mustards, pumpkinseed sunfish, and prunus (cherry, plum). Glycine has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as boysenberries, fruit juices, giant butterburs, ginsengs, and Chinese mustards. Glycine is most important and simple, nonessential amino acid in humans, animals, and many mammals. Generally, glycine is synthesized from choline, serine, hydroxyproline, and threonine through interorgan metabolism in which kidneys and liver are the primarily involved. Glycine acts as precursor for several key metabolites of low molecular weight such as creatine, glutathione, haem, purines, and porphyrins. There are a number of reports supporting the role of supplementary glycine in prevention of many diseases and disorders including cancer. Dietary supplementation of glycine is effectual has been shown to be effective in treating metabolic disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases ( PMID: 25332814), several inflammatory diseases, obesity, cancers, and diabetes ( PMID: 27292783). Glycine has also been shown to enhance the quality of sleep and neurological functions. (PMID: 28337245)

CAS Number

56-40-6

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Synonym	Source
Aminoacetic acid	ChEBI
Aminoessigsaeure	ChEBI
Aminoethanoic acid	ChEBI
G	ChEBI
Gly	ChEBI
Glycin	ChEBI
Glycocoll	ChEBI
Glykokoll	ChEBI
Glyzin	ChEBI
H2N-CH2-COOH	ChEBI
Hgly	ChEBI
Leimzucker	ChEBI
Aminoacetate	Generator
Aminoethanoate	Generator
2-Aminoacetate	HMDB
2-Aminoacetic acid	HMDB
Aciport	HMDB
Amino-acetate	HMDB
Amino-acetic acid	HMDB
Glicoamin	HMDB
Glycolixir	HMDB
Glycosthene	HMDB
Gyn-hydralin	HMDB
Padil	HMDB
Glycine carbonate (1:1), monosodium salt	HMDB
Glycine carbonate (2:1), monopotassium salt	HMDB
Glycine sulfate (3:1)	HMDB
Glycine, monoammonium salt	HMDB
Glycine, monosodium salt	HMDB
Glycine, sodium hydrogen carbonate	HMDB
Monoammonium salt glycine	HMDB
Calcium salt glycine	HMDB
Glycine hydrochloride (2:1)	HMDB
Glycine phosphate (1:1)	HMDB
Glycine, monopotasssium salt	HMDB
Monopotasssium salt glycine	HMDB
Monosodium salt glycine	HMDB
Glycine carbonate (2:1), monolithium salt	HMDB
Glycine carbonate (2:1), monosodium salt	HMDB
Glycine hydrochloride	HMDB
Glycine, copper salt	HMDB
Hydrochloride, glycine	HMDB
Salt glycine, monoammonium	HMDB
Acid, aminoacetic	HMDB
Cobalt salt glycine	HMDB
Copper salt glycine	HMDB
Glycine phosphate	HMDB
Glycine, calcium salt	HMDB
Glycine, calcium salt (2:1)	HMDB
Glycine, cobalt salt	HMDB
Phosphate, glycine	HMDB
Salt glycine, monosodium	HMDB
Adenine	biospider
Aminoacetic acid, 9CI	db_source
Amitone	biospider
Athenon	biospider
E640	db_source
FEMA 3287	db_source
Glue sugar	db_source

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Chemical Formula

C2H5NO2

IUPAC name

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5)

InChI Key

DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Isomeric SMILES

NCC(O)=O

Average Molecular Weight

75.0666

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

75.032028409

Classification

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Alpha amino acids

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Alpha-amino acid
Amino acid
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Organic oxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Amine
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:15428 )
proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:15428 )
serine family amino acid (CHEBI:15428 )
Common amino acids (C00037 )
Amino acids (C00037 )

Ontology

Ingestion

Source:

Synthetic:

Personal care product

Biological:

Animal

Trace element

Molecular messenger:

Neurotransmitter

Industrial application:

Personal care products

Food and nutrition:

Nutritional supplement

Pharmaceutical industry:

Pharmaceutical

Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental

Property	Value	Reference
Physical state	Solid
Physical Description	Not Available
Mass Composition	C 32.00%; H 6.71%; N 18.66%; O 42.63%	DFC
Melting Point	Mp 292 (262°)° dec.	DFC
Boiling Point	Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility	249 mg/mL at 25 oC	YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
Experimental logP	-3.21	HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental pKa	pKa2 9.78 (25°)	DFC
Isoelectric point	Not Available
Charge	0
Optical Rotation	Not Available
Spectroscopic UV Data	Not Available
Density	Not Available
Refractive Index	Not Available

Spectra

EI-MS/GC-MS

Not Available

MS/MS

Not Available

NMR

Not Available

External Links

ChemSpider ID

ChEMBL ID

KEGG Compound ID

Pubchem Compound ID

Pubchem Substance ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

Not Available

Phenol-Explorer ID

1062

DrugBank ID

DB00145

HMDB ID

HMDB00123

CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID

EAFUS ID

Dr. Duke ID

BIGG ID

KNApSAcK ID

HET ID

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

Not Available

Flavornet ID

Not Available

GoodScent ID

rw1008481

SuperScent ID

Not Available

Wikipedia ID

Glycine

Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID

1062

Duplicate IDS

Not Available

Old DFC IDS

Not Available

Associated Foods

Food	Content Range	Average	Reference
Food			Reference

Biological Effects and Interactions

Health Effects / Bioactivities

Descriptor	ID	Definition	Reference
anti acid			DUKE
anti aldosteronic	52217	Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.	DUKE
antidote	50247	Any protective agent counteracting or neutralizing the action of poisons.	DUKE
anti encephalopathic	52217	Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.	DUKE
anti gastritic			DUKE
anti prostatitic			DUKE
anti pruritic	50177	A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.	DUKE
anti sickling			DUKE
anti ulcer	49201	One of various classes of drugs with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.	DUKE
cancer preventive	35610	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.	DUKE
neuro inhibitor	35222	A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.	DUKE
uricosuric			DUKE
hepatoprotective	62868	Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver.	CHEBI
neurotransmitter	25512	An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell.	CHEBI

Enzymes

Name	Gene Name	UniProt ID
Glycine N-acyltransferase	GLYAT	Q6IB77
Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 1	GLYATL1	Q969I3
Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2	GLYATL2	Q8WU03
2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial	GCAT	O75600
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3	GART	P22102
Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial	AGXT2	Q9BYV1
Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial	GATM	P50440
Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase	BAAT	Q14032
Glycine--tRNA ligase	GARS	P41250
Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial	AMT	P48728
Glutathione synthetase	GSS	P48637
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial	SHMT2	P34897
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic	SHMT1	P34896
Glycine dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], mitochondrial	GLDC	P23378
Glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial	GCSH	P23434
Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter	SLC32A1	Q9H598
Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3	CCBL2	Q6YP21
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase	DKFZp686P09201	Q5HYG8

Pathways

Name	SMPDB Link	KEGG Link
Alanine Metabolism	SMP00055	map00250
Ammonia Recycling	SMP00009	map00910
Bile Acid Biosynthesis	SMP00035	map00120
Carnitine Synthesis	SMP00465	Not Available
Glutathione Metabolism	SMP00015	map00480
Glycine and Serine Metabolism	SMP00004	map00260
Methionine Metabolism	SMP00033	map00270
Porphyrin Metabolism	SMP00024	map00860

Metabolism

Not Available

Biosynthesis

Not Available

Organoleptic Properties

Flavours

Flavor	Citations
odorless	The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.

Files

MSDS

show

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General Reference

Not Available

Content Reference

— Saxholt, E., et al. 'Danish food composition databank, revision 7.' Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (2008).
— U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2008. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page.
— Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).
— Shinbo, Y., et al. 'KNApSAcK: a comprehensive species-metabolite relationship database.' Plant Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 165-181.