1.0 2010-04-08 22:04:45 UTC 2024-11-29 22:27:43 UTC FDB000893 Phenol Phenol, also known as hydroxybenzene or carbolic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy benzenoids. Phenol is a toxic, colourless crystalline solid with a sweet tarry odor that resembles a hospital smell. It is commonly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant. It is active against a wide range of microorganisms including some fungi and viruses but is only slowly effective against spores. It has been used to disinfect skin and to relieve itching. Phenol is also used in the preparation of cosmetics including sunscreens, hair dyes, and skin lightening preparations. It is also used in the production of drugs (it is the starting material in the industrial production of aspirin), weedkillers, and synthetic resins. Phenol can be found in areas with high levels of motor traffic, therefore, people living in crowded urban areas are frequently exposed to traffic-derived phenol vapor. The average (mean +/- SD) phenol concentration in urine among normal individuals living in urban areas is 7.4 +/- 2.2 mg/g of creatinine. Exposure of the skin to concentrated phenol solutions causes chemical burns which may be severe. In laboratories where it is used, it is usually recommended that polyethylene glycol solution is kept available for washing off splashes. In some bacteria phenol can be directly synthesized from tyrosine via the enzyme tyrosine phenol-lyase [EC:4.1.99.2]. It can be produced by Escherichia and Pseudomonas. Phenol has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). Acide carbolique Acide phenique Anbesol Benzenol Benzophenol Campho-phenique cold sore gel Campho-phenique gel Campho-phenique liquid Carbolate Carbolic acid Carbolic acid liquid Carbolic oil Carbolicum acidum Carbolsaeure Carbolsaure Cepastat lozenges Cuticura pain relieving ointment FEMA 3223 Fenol Fenolo Fenosmolin Fenosmoline Hydroxy-benzene Hydroxybenzene IPH IZAL Karbolsaeure Liquefied phenol Liquid phenol Liquified phenol Monohydroxy benzene Monohydroxybenzene Monophenol Oxybenzene Paoscle Phenate Phenic Phenic acid Phenic alcohol Phenol alcohol Phenol homopolymer Phenol liquid Phenol molten Phenol polymer-bound Phenol solution Phenol synthetic Phenolated water Phenolated water for disinfection Phenole Phenosmolin Phenyl alcohol Phenyl hydrate Phenyl hydroxide Phenylate Phenylic acid Phenylic alcohol PHOH Synthetic phenol Tea polyphenol C6H6O 94.1112 94.041864814 phenol phenol 108-95-2 OC1=CC=CC=C1 InChI=1S/C6H6O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,7H ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids. These are phenols that are unsubstituted at the 4-position. 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids Organic compounds Benzenoids Phenols 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids Benzene and substituted derivatives Hydrocarbon derivatives Organooxygen compounds 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid Aromatic homomonocyclic compound Hydrocarbon derivative Monocyclic benzene moiety Organic oxygen compound Organooxygen compound a phenol phenols Solid logp 1.39 ALOGPS logs -0.31 ALOGPS solubility 4.66e+01 g/l ALOGPS melting_point Fp 41° logp 1.67 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 10.02 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -5.5 ChemAxon iupac phenol ChemAxon average_mass 94.1112 ChemAxon mono_mass 94.041864814 ChemAxon smiles OC1=CC=CC=C1 ChemAxon formula C6H6O ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C6H6O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,7H ChemAxon inchikey ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 20.23 ChemAxon refractivity 28.04 ChemAxon polarizability 9.81 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 0 ChemAxon acceptor_count 1 ChemAxon donor_count 1 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl sulfate SMP0123213 Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl glucuronide SMP0123227 Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenol SMP0123255 Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenol sulphate SMP0126844 Specdb::EiMs 1214 Specdb::NmrOneD 1242 Specdb::NmrOneD 2129 Specdb::NmrOneD 3448 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1223 Specdb::MsIr 326 Specdb::MsIr 327 Specdb::MsIr 328 Specdb::MsMs 379 Specdb::MsMs 380 Specdb::MsMs 381 Specdb::MsMs 3677 Specdb::MsMs 3678 Specdb::MsMs 3679 Specdb::MsMs 3680 Specdb::MsMs 3681 Specdb::MsMs 178257 Specdb::MsMs 178258 Specdb::MsMs 178259 Specdb::MsMs 180573 Specdb::MsMs 180574 Specdb::MsMs 180575 Specdb::MsMs 2248737 Specdb::MsMs 2249628 Specdb::MsMs 2251609 Specdb::MsMs 2844332 Specdb::MsMs 2844333 Specdb::MsMs 2844334 Specdb::MsMs 2861740 Specdb::MsMs 2861741 Specdb::MsMs 2861742 Specdb::CMs 906 Specdb::CMs 2485 Specdb::CMs 26987 Specdb::CMs 27505 Specdb::CMs 27676 Specdb::CMs 27768 Specdb::CMs 29293 Specdb::CMs 29483 Specdb::CMs 31090 Specdb::CMs 37372 Specdb::CMs 146064 HMDB00228 15882 IPH #<Reference:0x000055ce32128918> #<Reference:0x000055ce32128760> #<Reference:0x000055ce321285a8> #<Reference:0x000055ce321283f0> #<Reference:0x000055ce32128238> #<Reference:0x000055ce32128080> #<Reference:0x000055ce32123f30> #<Reference:0x000055ce32123d78> #<Reference:0x000055ce32123bc0> #<Reference:0x000055ce32123a08> #<Reference:0x000055ce32123850> #<Reference:0x000055ce32123698> #<Reference:0x000055ce321234e0> #<Reference:0x000055ce32123328> #<Reference:0x000055ce32123170> #<Reference:0x000055ce32122fb8> #<Reference:0x000055ce32122e00> #<Reference:0x000055ce32122c48> Arabica coffee Type 1 specific Coffea arabica 13443 0.095 0.120000005 0.07 mg/100 g Asparagus Type 1 specific Asparagus officinalis 4686 Bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtillus 180763 0.0015 0.003 0.0 mg/100 g Blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus Celery stalks Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. dulce 117781 Ceylon cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum verum 128608 Cherry tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme 195583 Cocoa powder Type 2 specific 0.003667 0.003666667 0.003666667 mg/100 g Coffee Type 1 generic Coffea 13442 0.095 0.120000005 0.07 mg/100 g Evergreen blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus laciniatus Garden tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum 4081 Garden tomato (var.) Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum 397755 Green bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Highbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium corymbosum 69266 0.00175 0.0035 0.0 mg/100 g Milk (Cow) Type 2 specific Mulberry Type 1 specific Morus 3497 Mung bean Type 1 specific Vigna radiata 157791 Orange bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Red bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 Red wine Type 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Robusta coffee Type 1 specific Coffea canephora 49390 0.095 0.120000005 0.07 mg/100 g Safflower Type 1 specific Carthamus tinctorius 4222 0.004 0.004 0.004 mg/100 g Sesame Type 1 specific Sesamum orientale 4182 Soy bean Type 1 specific Glycine max 3847 Sweet marjoram Type 1 specific Origanum majorana 268884 481.75 481.75 481.75 mg/100 g Tamarind Type 1 specific Tamarindus indica 58860 Tarragon Type 1 specific Artemisia dracunculus 72341 Winter savory Type 1 specific Satureja montana 49988 Yellow bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 phenol phenolic plastic rubber 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating P52209 PGD 6-phosphogluconolactonase O95336 PGLS Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase P11413 G6PD Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 P27169 PON1 Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2 Q15165 PON2 Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 Q15166 PON3 Sulfotransferase 1A1 P50225 SULT1A1 Sulfotransferase 1A2 P50226 SULT1A2 Sulfotransferase 1A3/1A4 P50224 SULT1A3 Analgesic 56 An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. Anesthetic 62 Anti bacterial 145 A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. Anti hydrocoele 338 Anti monosodium-glutamate 448 Anti onychogryphotic 489 Anti otitic 498 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti pyruvetic 568 Anti septic 603 A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. Anti spastic 621 Anti-hemorrhoidal 322 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti-incontinence 366 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti-oxidant 502 A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324. Anti-prostatitic 553 Anti-sinusitic 617 Anti-viral 689 A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses. Anti-wrinkle 693 Cancer preventive 754 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Carcinogenic 762 A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities. Central nervous system depressant 812 A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. Emetic 899 Fungicide 940 A substance used to destroy fungal pests. Hemolytic 973 Pesticide 1210 Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. Rodenticide 1300 A substance used to destroy rodent pests. Vasodilator 1413 A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.