Record Information
Version1.0
Creation date2010-04-08 22:04:50 UTC
Update date2019-11-26 02:55:56 UTC
Primary IDFDB001111
Secondary Accession NumbersNot Available
Chemical Information
FooDB NameChinese tannin
DescriptionClarifying agent for beer and wine; flavour enhancer, colour modifier, pH control agent. Permitted boiler water additive in generation of steam for use in food contact processes Tannins are astringent, bitter-tasting plant polyphenols that bind and precipitate proteins. The term tannin refers to the source of tannins used in tanning animal hides into leather; however, the term is widely applied to any large polyphenolic compound containing sufficient hydroxyls and other suitable groups (such as carboxyls) to form strong complexes with proteins and other macromolecules. Tannins have molecular weights ranging from 500 to over 3,000. Tannins are usually divided into hydrolyzable tannins and condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins). At the center of a hydrolyzable tannin molecule, there is a polyol carbohydrate (usually D-glucose). The hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrate are partially or totally esterified with phenolic groups such as gallic acid (in gallotannins) or ellagic acid (in ellagitannins). Hydrolyzable tannins are hydrolyzed by weak acids or weak bases to produce carbohydrate and phenolic acids. Condensed tannins, also known as proanthocyanidins, are polymers of 2 to 50 (or more) flavonoid units that are joined by carbon-carbon bonds, which are not susceptible to being cleaved by hydrolysis. While hydrolyzable tannins and most condensed tannins are water soluble, some very large condensed tannins are insoluble. Tannins may be employed medicinally in antidiarrheal, hemostatic, and antihemorrhoidal compoundsand is also, they produce different colors with ferric chloride (either blue, blue black, or green to greenish black) according to the type of tannin. Examples of gallotannins are the gallic acid esters of glucose in tannic acid (C76H52O46), found in the leaves and bark of many plant species. Foods with tannins include tea, wine and some fruits . [HMDB].
CAS Number1401-55-4
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
SynonymSource
Tannic acidsMeSH
Acids, tannicMeSH
Acid, tannicMeSH
TanninsMeSH
Chinese gallotanninmanual
Chinese tannindb_source
CorilaginHMDB
FEMA 3042db_source
Gallotannic aciddb_source
Gallotannindb_source
Glyceritedb_source
QuebrachoHMDB
Tannic aciddb_source
Tannic acid (JP15/USP)biospider
Tannic acid (TN)biospider
Tannic acid, acsbiospider
Tannin (tannic acid)HMDB
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.41 g/LALOGPS
logP4.73ALOGPS
logP13.51ChemAxon
logS-3.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.61ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count36ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count25ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area777.98 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count31ChemAxon
Refractivity393.57 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability160.49 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings11ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Chemical FormulaC76H52O46
IUPAC name2,3-dihydroxy-5-[({3,4,5,6-tetrakis[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)benzoyloxy]oxan-2-yl}methoxy)carbonyl]phenyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C76H52O46/c77-32-1-22(2-33(78)53(32)92)67(103)113-47-16-27(11-42(87)58(47)97)66(102)112-21-52-63(119-72(108)28-12-43(88)59(98)48(17-28)114-68(104)23-3-34(79)54(93)35(80)4-23)64(120-73(109)29-13-44(89)60(99)49(18-29)115-69(105)24-5-36(81)55(94)37(82)6-24)65(121-74(110)30-14-45(90)61(100)50(19-30)116-70(106)25-7-38(83)56(95)39(84)8-25)76(118-52)122-75(111)31-15-46(91)62(101)51(20-31)117-71(107)26-9-40(85)57(96)41(86)10-26/h1-20,52,63-65,76-101H,21H2
InChI KeyLRBQNJMCXXYXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILESOC1=CC(=CC(O)=C1O)C(=O)OC1=CC(=CC(O)=C1O)C(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(OC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3)=C2)C(OC(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(OC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3)=C2)C(OC(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(OC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3)=C2)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(OC(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C2)=C1
Average Molecular Weight1701.1985
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight1700.172974276
Classification
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassPhenylpropanes
Direct ParentPhenylpropanes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenylpropane
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Aralkylamine
  • Phenol
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Tertiary amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
OntologyNo ontology term
Physico-Chemical Properties
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
PropertyValueReference
Physical stateSolid
Physical DescriptionNot Available
Mass CompositionNot Available
Melting PointMp 210-215° dec.DFC
Boiling PointNot Available
Experimental Water SolubilityNot Available
Experimental logPNot Available
Experimental pKaNot Available
Isoelectric pointNot Available
ChargeNot Available
Optical Rotation[a]20D +21.7 -> +23.2 (c, 2 in Me2CO) (from Turkish galls)DFC
Spectroscopic UV DataNot Available
DensityNot Available
Refractive IndexNot Available
Spectra
SpectraNot Available
ChemSpider ID17216346
ChEMBL IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDC10219
Pubchem Compound ID22833652
Pubchem Substance IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Phenol-Explorer ID451
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB05790
CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) IDBTJ81-D:BTJ81-D
EAFUS ID3591
Dr. Duke ID1,2,3,4,6-PENTA-O-GALLOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE|TANNIN|TANNINS|TANNIC-ACID|GALLOTANNIC-ACID|GALLO-TANNIN
BIGG IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
HET IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
Flavornet IDNot Available
GoodScent IDrw1034791
SuperScent IDNot Available
Wikipedia IDTannin
Phenol-Explorer Metabolite IDNot Available
Duplicate IDS
Old DFC IDSNot Available
Associated Foods
FoodContent Range AverageReference
FoodReference
Biological Effects and Interactions
Health Effects / Bioactivities
DescriptorIDDefinitionReference
Aldose reductase inhibitor48550 An agent that blocks the activity of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. It reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly used in managing diabetic complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.DUKE
Allergenic50904 A substance that triggers an immune response, causing allergic reactions. Its biological role is to stimulate the immune system, but it has no therapeutic applications. Key medical uses include diagnosing allergies and developing immunotherapies to desensitize patients to specific allergens, reducing the risk of severe reactions.DUKE
Anti-helmintic33281 An agent that kills or expels parasitic worms, treating helminthic infections. Therapeutically, it targets intestinal parasites, reducing infection symptoms. Key medical uses include treating roundworm, hookworm, and tapeworm infections.DUKE
Anti-anacarditicAn agent that counteracts anacardic acid's effects, reducing inflammation and allergic reactions. It has therapeutic applications in managing skin conditions, such as contact dermatitis, and may be used to treat allergic responses and inflammatory disorders.DUKE
Anti bacterial33282 An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis.DUKE
Anti-cancer35610 An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival.DUKE
Anti cariogenic52217 An agent that prevents tooth decay, reducing bacterial acid production and plaque formation. Its biological role is to inhibit the growth of cariogenic bacteria, and its therapeutic applications include preventing dental caries and managing tooth decay. Key medical uses include toothpaste, mouthwashes, and dental varnishes to maintain oral health.DUKE
Anti-colitic52217 An agent that reduces inflammation in the colon, commonly used to manage ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and other inflammatory bowel diseases, promoting healing and relieving symptoms.DUKE
Anti decubiticAn agent that prevents or treats pressure ulcers (bed sores), promoting wound healing and tissue repair, commonly used in managing immobility-related skin injuries.DUKE
Anti-dermatotic50177 An agent that prevents or treats skin infections, reducing fungal or bacterial growth. It is used therapeutically to manage dermatological conditions such as acne, eczema, and fungal infections, promoting healthy skin and preventing further irritation or inflammation.DUKE
Anti-diarrheic55323 An agent that reduces the frequency and severity of diarrhea, commonly used to manage gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and to treat infectious diarrhea, by slowing bowel movements and increasing water absorption.DUKE
Antidote50247 An agent that counteracts a poison or toxin, neutralizing its harmful effects. It plays a biological role in reversing toxicity, and has therapeutic applications in treating poisoning, overdose, and envenomation. Key medical uses include emergency treatment for snake bites, drug overdose, and chemical exposure.DUKE
Anti dysenteric52217 An agent that treats and prevents dysentery, reducing inflammation and diarrhea. It is used to manage bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, and is commonly applied in treating gastrointestinal disorders, such as amoebic dysentery, and other intestinal infections.DUKE
Anti-encephalitic52217 An agent that combats encephalitis, reducing inflammation and viral replication in the brain. Its therapeutic applications include treating viral encephalitis, such as herpes simplex and Japanese encephalitis, to alleviate symptoms and prevent neurological damage, ultimately improving patient outcomes.DUKE
Anti enteriticAn anti-inflammatory agent that relieves intestinal swelling, reducing enteritis symptoms. Its biological role is to mitigate intestinal inflammation, and its therapeutic applications include treating gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Key medical uses include managing enteritis, colitis, and other inflammatory bowel diseases.DUKE
Anti feedantA substance that inhibits normal feeding behavior, found in certain plants, deterring insects and animals from consuming them. Its therapeutic applications include pest control, while key medical uses involve managing insect-borne diseases and reducing crop damage.DUKE
Anti-gargantiticAn agent that reduces inflammation and swelling in the throat, commonly used to treat sore throats, tonsillitis, and other respiratory infections, promoting healing and relieving discomfort.DUKE
Anti-gingivitic52217 An agent that reduces gingivitis symptoms, commonly used in managing plaque, inflammation, and gum disease, promoting oral health by preventing bacterial growth and infection.DUKE
Anti-hemorrhoidal52217 An agent that reduces swelling and inflammation of hemorrhoids, commonly used to relieve symptoms of hemorrhoidal disease, such as itching, pain, and bleeding, and to prevent further complications.DUKE
Anti hepatotoxic62868 An agent that protects the liver from damage, reducing toxicity and promoting liver health. It plays a biological role in preventing liver injury and supporting liver function. Therapeutically, it is used to treat liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and to counteract liver-damaging effects of certain medications and toxins.DUKE
Anti-herpetic22587 An agent that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses, reducing symptoms and severity of infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, commonly used in managing genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles.DUKE
Anti HIV22587 An agent that prevents the replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), used to treat and manage HIV infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), reducing viral load and slowing disease progression.DUKE
Anti hypertensive52217 An agent that lowers blood pressure, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It plays a biological role in relaxing blood vessels, decreasing cardiac workload, and improving blood flow. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and stroke, with key medical applications in preventing organ damage and improving overall cardiovascular health.DUKE
Anti lipolyticAn agent that prevents the breakdown of lipids, playing a biological role in regulating fat metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage conditions like hypertriglyceridemia and diabetic ketoacidosis, with key medical applications in lipid disorders and cardiovascular disease prevention.DUKE
Anti-mutagenicAn agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects.DUKE
Anti nephritic52217 An agent that reduces kidney inflammation, commonly used to manage nephritis and other kidney disorders, helping to prevent kidney damage and promote renal health.DUKE
Anti-nitrosaminicAn agent that inhibits the formation of nitrosamines, carcinogenic compounds. It plays a biological role in cancer prevention, with therapeutic applications in reducing the risk of tobacco-related and other cancers. Key medical uses include chemoprevention and protection against carcinogenic exposures.DUKE
Anti-obesity52217 An agent that reduces body weight, commonly used in managing obesity and related disorders, by regulating appetite, metabolism, and fat storage, with therapeutic applications in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.DUKE
Anti ophidicAn antivenom agent used to treat venomous bites or stings, created by milking and diluting venom from relevant species, and injected to neutralize toxins, reducing inflammation and preventing systemic complications.DUKE
Anti-oxidant22586 An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects.DUKE
Anti-pharyngiticAn agent that relieves inflammation of the pharynx, reducing pain and discomfort. Its biological role is to soothe and calm the throat, making it a therapeutic application for sore throats. Key medical uses include treating pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and laryngitis, providing temporary relief from symptoms.DUKE
Anti polio22587 An agent that prevents poliovirus infection, inducing immunity to protect against poliomyelitis. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent and control polio outbreaks, commonly administered through vaccination to promote herd immunity and eradicate the disease.DUKE
Anti radicularAn agent that relieves inflammation or irritation of the nerve root of a tooth, reducing pain and discomfort. Its biological role is to target and alleviate radicular pain, with therapeutic applications in endodontics and key medical uses in root canal treatments and tooth sensitivity management.DUKE
Anti reniticAn agent that reduces or prevents renin activity, playing a role in blood pressure regulation. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension and related cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure and kidney disease, by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.DUKE
Anti-rhinitic52217 An agent that relieves nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis symptoms, reducing inflammation and histamine release. Therapeutically, it's used to manage rhinitis, sinusitis, and allergic reactions, providing relief from sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.DUKE
Anti septic33281 An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management.DUKE
Anti-stomatiticAn agent that relieves inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, reducing oral discomfort and pain. Its biological role is to soothe and protect the mucosa, with therapeutic applications in managing mouth ulcers, oral thrush, and other stomatitis-related conditions. Key medical uses include treating oral inflammation, irritation, and infections.DUKE
Anti-tonsilitic52217 An agent that reduces inflammation and infection of the tonsils, commonly used to treat tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and other respiratory tract infections, promoting recovery and alleviating symptoms such as sore throat and fever.DUKE
Antitumor35610 An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes.DUKE
Antitumor promoter35610 An agent that inhibits tumor growth and progression, reducing cancer cell proliferation. Therapeutically, it prevents tumor development and spread, with key medical uses in cancer prevention and treatment, particularly in combating carcinogenesis and metastasis.DUKE
Anti ulcer49201 An agent that reduces stomach acid and protects the mucous lining, preventing ulcer formation. It is used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, promoting healing and relieving symptoms.DUKE
Anti-viral22587 An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19.DUKE
Astringent74783 An agent that constricts or shrinks tissues, reducing bleeding and inflammation. It plays a biological role in wound healing and has therapeutic applications in treating hemorrhoids, diarrhea, and skin irritations. Key medical uses include reducing swelling, stopping bleeding, and protecting mucous membranes, making it useful in various topical and oral preparations.DUKE
Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker37962 An agent that blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Therapeutically, it manages hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias, while also being used to treat conditions like glaucoma, migraine headaches, and performance anxiety.DUKE
Cancer preventive35610 An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence.DUKE
Carcinogenic50903 An agent that causes cancer, damaging cellular DNA and disrupting normal cell growth. It has no therapeutic applications, but understanding its biological role informs cancer prevention and treatment strategies, with key medical uses in oncology research and risk assessment.DUKE
Cardiotoxic50912 An agent that damages or impairs heart function, often used to describe chemotherapy agents or drugs with adverse cardiac effects. Its biological role involves disrupting cardiac cell function, and while it has limited therapeutic applications, it is sometimes used in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include oncology, where the toxic effects are harnessed to target rapidly dividing cancer cells.DUKE
Chelator38161 An agent that binds to metal ions, reducing their toxicity and promoting excretion. It plays a biological role in removing heavy metals from the body. Therapeutically, chelators are used to treat metal poisoning, iron overload, and Wilson's disease, with key medical applications in detoxification and disease management.DUKE
Cyclooxygenase inhibitor35544 An agent that blocks the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, headaches, and menstrual cramps, by decreasing prostaglandin production, a key mediator of inflammation.DUKE
Cytotoxic52209 An agent that kills or damages cells, playing a biological role in immune responses and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include chemotherapy, targeting and destroying cancer cells, and treating certain autoimmune diseases by eliminating harmful cells.DUKE
Detoxicant50247 An agent that facilitates the removal of toxins from the body, playing a crucial role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Therapeutically, detoxicants are used to treat poisoning, heavy metal exposure, and liver diseases, promoting overall health and well-being by neutralizing harmful substances.DUKE
EmeticAn agent that induces vomiting, playing a biological role in expelling toxins from the body. Therapeutically, it is used to treat poisoning, overdose, or gastrointestinal obstruction. Key medical uses include managing drug toxicity and aiding in stomach pumping procedures.DUKE
Name48318 flavorDUKE
Glucosyl-transferase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks the activity of glucosyl-transferase enzymes, preventing glycoprotein and glycolipid synthesis. It has therapeutic applications in cancer, infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders, with key medical uses including anti-tumor, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory treatments.DUKE
HemostatAn agent that controls bleeding, playing a biological role in blood coagulation. Therapeutically, it promotes clot formation, and its key medical uses include treating wounds, surgical bleeding, and hemorrhages, helping to stabilize patients and prevent excessive blood loss.DUKE
Hepatoprotective62868 An agent that protects the liver from damage, promoting liver health and function. It plays a biological role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and has therapeutic applications in managing liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and key medical uses in treating drug-induced liver injury and toxicities.DUKE
Hepatotoxic50908 An agent that causes liver damage or toxicity, disrupting normal liver function. It has no therapeutic applications, but is often a side effect of certain medications, such as acetaminophen overdose, and is a key consideration in medical uses, including monitoring liver function during drug therapy.DUKE
Immunostimulant50847 An agent that stimulates the immune system, enhancing its response to infections and diseases. Therapeutically, it boosts the body's natural defenses, commonly used to treat immunodeficiency disorders, prevent infections, and support cancer treatment, as well as manage chronic conditions like hepatitis and HIV.DUKE
Immunosuppressant35705 An agent that suppresses the immune system, reducing inflammation and preventing rejection in organ transplants, and treating autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.DUKE
Lipoxygenase inhibitor35856 An agent that blocks the activity of lipoxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like asthma, atherosclerosis, and cancer, by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes. Key medical uses include treating respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.DUKE
Monoamine-oxidase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks monoamine oxidase enzymes, increasing neurotransmitter levels. Therapeutically, it reduces depression symptoms and is commonly used in managing depression, anxiety disorders, and Parkinson's disease.DUKE
Ornithine-decarboxylase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in cell growth and proliferation. It reduces polyamine synthesis, inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat cancer, particularly in combination with other therapies, and has potential applications in managing parasitic infections and skin disorders.DUKE
Pesticide25944 An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections.DUKE
Psychotropic35471 An agent that affects mood, cognition, and behavior by altering brain chemistry. Its biological role involves modifying neurotransmitter activity. Therapeutically, it's used to manage mental health disorders, with key medical applications including treating anxiety, depression, psychosis, and mood disorders, as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).DUKE
Reverse transcriptase inhibitor59897 An agent that blocks the activity of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme used by retroviruses to replicate. Therapeutically, it prevents viral replication, commonly used in managing HIV/AIDS and other retroviral infections, such as hepatitis B.DUKE
Topoisomerase-II inhibitor50750 An agent that blocks the activity of topoisomerase-II, an enzyme involved in DNA replication. It prevents cancer cell growth by disrupting DNA structure, commonly used in chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma.DUKE
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor35634 An agent that blocks xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in uric acid production, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Therapeutically, it's used to treat gout, hyperuricemia, and prevent kidney stones, with key applications in managing cardiovascular disease and improving kidney function.DUKE
EnzymesNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
BiosynthesisNot Available
Organoleptic Properties
FlavoursNot Available
Files
MSDSshow
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
General ReferenceNot Available
Content Reference— Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).