| Acidulant | 64047 | A substance that increases acidity, commonly used as a food additive. Biologically, it helps maintain pH balance. Therapeutically, acidulants have applications in managing digestive issues and nutrient absorption. Key medical uses include treating conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and enhancing mineral absorption, particularly in patients with malabsorption disorders. | DUKE |
| Aldose reductase inhibitor | 48550 | An agent that blocks the activity of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. It reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly used in managing diabetic complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. | DUKE |
| Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 61016 | An agent that blocks angiotensin II receptors, reducing blood pressure and fluid retention. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and kidney disease, protecting against cardiovascular damage and slowing disease progression. | DUKE |
| Anti advanced glycation end products | 52217 | An agent that inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. It has therapeutic applications in managing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including wound healing and kidney disease treatment. | DUKE |
| Anti-aggregant | | An agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots. | DUKE |
| Anti-aging | 52217 | An agent that slows or reverses cellular aging, promoting youthful function. Its biological role involves protecting against oxidative stress and DNA damage. Therapeutically, it has applications in dermatology, gerontology, and regenerative medicine, with key medical uses including skin rejuvenation, reducing age-related diseases, and improving overall healthspan. | DUKE |
| Anti-allergic | 50857 | An agent that reduces or blocks allergic reactions, commonly used to manage symptoms of allergies, such as itching, sneezing, and inflammation, by inhibiting the release of histamine and other chemical mediators, providing relief in conditions like hay fever, asthma, and skin allergies. | DUKE |
| Anti-Alzheimeran | 52217 | An agent that inhibits the progression of Alzheimer's disease, reducing beta-amyloid plaque formation and neuroinflammation. Therapeutically, it improves cognitive function and memory, commonly used in managing mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-arthritic | 52217 | An agent that reduces joint inflammation and alleviates symptoms of arthritis, commonly used in managing rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other inflammatory joint disorders, to improve mobility and quality of life. | DUKE |
| Anti-asthmatic | 49167 | An agent that relieves bronchospasm and inflammation, commonly used to manage asthma symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory disorders, improving lung function and overall respiratory health. | DUKE |
| Anti-atherosclerotic | 38070 | An agent that prevents or slows the formation of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by plaque buildup in arteries. It reduces inflammation, improves lipid profiles, and inhibits platelet aggregation, commonly used to manage cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, and prevent heart attacks and strokes. | DUKE |
| Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE |
| Anti-cataract | 52217 | An agent that prevents or slows the formation of cataracts, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the lens of the eye, commonly used to manage age-related cataracts and other ocular disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-cervicaldysplasic | 52217 | An agent that prevents or treats cervical dysplasia, a precancerous condition. It helps maintain normal cell growth, reducing the risk of cervical cancer. Therapeutically, it is used to manage abnormal cell changes in the cervix, often caused by HPV infection, and is a key component in cervical cancer prevention and treatment strategies. | DUKE |
| Anti CFS | | An agent that alleviates symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome, acting as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory to treat myalgias and arthralgias, reducing pain and inflammation. | DUKE |
| Anti climacteric | | An agent that alleviates symptoms of male menopause, including reduced libido and sexual activity, by regulating hormonal imbalances, with therapeutic applications in managing andropause and key medical uses in treating age-related sexual dysfunction. | DUKE |
| Anti-cold | 52217 | An agent that alleviates cold symptoms, commonly used to relieve congestion, cough, and sore throat. Its biological role is to suppress the replication of rhinoviruses, reducing inflammation in the respiratory tract. Therapeutically, it is used to manage upper respiratory tract infections, providing temporary relief from cold symptoms. Key medical uses include over-the-counter medications and prescription drugs to treat cold and flu symptoms. | DUKE |
| Anti-Crohn's | 52217 | An agent that reduces inflammation and modulates the immune system, commonly used in managing Crohn's disease and other inflammatory bowel disorders, to alleviate symptoms and induce remission. | DUKE |
| Anti CTS | | An antibody against cathepsins, proteases involved in protein degradation. It may inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis, with potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. | DUKE |
| Anti decubitic | | An agent that prevents or treats pressure ulcers (bed sores), promoting wound healing and tissue repair, commonly used in managing immobility-related skin injuries. | DUKE |
| Anti-dementia | 52217 | An agent that slows or prevents cognitive decline, reducing symptoms of dementia. It plays a biological role in neuroprotection, enhancing neuronal function and survival. Therapeutically, it is used to manage Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and other neurodegenerative disorders, improving memory, cognition, and daily functioning. | DUKE |
| Anti depressant | 52217 | An agent that regulates mood, reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety by altering neurotransmitter levels in the brain, commonly used in managing depression, anxiety disorders, and other mood disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-diabetic | 52217 | An agent that regulates blood sugar levels, enhancing insulin sensitivity or secretion. Therapeutically, it's used to manage diabetes, reducing symptoms and complications, and commonly prescribed to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. | DUKE |
| Antidote | 50247 | An agent that counteracts a poison or toxin, neutralizing its harmful effects. It plays a biological role in reversing toxicity, and has therapeutic applications in treating poisoning, overdose, and envenomation. Key medical uses include emergency treatment for snake bites, drug overdose, and chemical exposure. | DUKE |
| Anti eczemic | 52217 | An agent that reduces inflammation and itching, commonly used to manage eczema symptoms, atopic dermatitis, and other skin allergies, providing relief and preventing flare-ups. | DUKE |
| Anti-edemic | | An agent that relieves or prevents edema, reducing abnormal fluid accumulation in tissues or the circulatory system, commonly used to treat conditions such as swelling, inflammation, and water retention. | DUKE |
| Anti-encephalitic | 52217 | An agent that combats encephalitis, reducing inflammation and viral replication in the brain. Its therapeutic applications include treating viral encephalitis, such as herpes simplex and Japanese encephalitis, to alleviate symptoms and prevent neurological damage, ultimately improving patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Anti endometriotic | | An agent that relieves endometriosis symptoms, reducing pelvic pain and inflammation caused by endometrial tissue growth outside the uterus, commonly used in managing endometriosis and related disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-fatigue | 52217 | An agent that reduces physical and mental exhaustion, enhancing endurance and vitality. It plays a biological role in regulating energy metabolism and mitigating oxidative stress. Therapeutically, anti-fatigue agents are used to manage chronic fatigue syndrome, improve athletic performance, and alleviate symptoms of anemia and other debilitating conditions. | DUKE |
| Anti-fibrotic | | An agent that inhibits excessive fibrous tissue formation, reducing scarring and organ damage. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and kidney fibrosis, slowing disease progression and improving organ function. | DUKE |
| Anti gallstone | | An agent that prevents the formation of gallstones, reducing the risk of gallbladder disease. Therapeutically, it helps maintain cholesterol balance and bile flow, commonly used to manage gallstone prevention and treatment, and alleviate related symptoms. | DUKE |
| Anti-gastritic | | An agent that reduces stomach inflammation, protecting the gastric lining and relieving symptoms of gastritis, commonly used in managing ulcers, acid reflux, and gastrointestinal disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-gingivitic | 52217 | An agent that reduces gingivitis symptoms, commonly used in managing plaque, inflammation, and gum disease, promoting oral health by preventing bacterial growth and infection. | DUKE |
| Anti-glaucomic | | An agent that reduces intraocular pressure, used to treat and prevent damage to the optic nerve and vision loss associated with glaucoma, promoting eye health and preserving vision. | DUKE |
| Anti-hangover | 52217 | An agent that alleviates hangover symptoms, such as headaches and nausea, by replenishing essential nutrients and electrolytes, and supporting liver function, commonly used to relieve post-alcohol consumption discomfort. | DUKE |
| Anti-hemorrhagic | 50248 | An agent that stops or prevents bleeding, promoting blood clotting and tissue repair. It plays a biological role in maintaining vascular integrity and is therapeutically used to treat bleeding disorders, injuries, and surgical wounds, with key medical applications in trauma care, surgery, and hemophilia management. | DUKE |
| Anti hepatitic | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, reducing inflammation and promoting liver health. Therapeutically, it is used to treat hepatitis and other liver diseases, managing symptoms and preventing liver damage. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer, as well as supporting liver function in patients with liver disease. | DUKE |
| Anti hepatotoxic | 62868 | An agent that protects the liver from damage, reducing toxicity and promoting liver health. It plays a biological role in preventing liver injury and supporting liver function. Therapeutically, it is used to treat liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, and to counteract liver-damaging effects of certain medications and toxins. | DUKE |
| Anti-herpetic | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses, reducing symptoms and severity of infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, commonly used in managing genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles. | DUKE |
| Anti histaminic | 37956 | An agent that blocks histamine receptors, reducing allergic symptoms. Therapeutically, it alleviates itching, sneezing, and runny nose, commonly used in managing allergies, itching, and hives, as well as treating conditions like anaphylaxis and allergic rhinitis. | DUKE |
| Anti hypertensive | 52217 | An agent that lowers blood pressure, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It plays a biological role in relaxing blood vessels, decreasing cardiac workload, and improving blood flow. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and stroke, with key medical applications in preventing organ damage and improving overall cardiovascular health. | DUKE |
| Anti-infertility | 52217 | An agent that enhances reproductive health, promoting fertility and conception. Its biological role involves regulating hormonal balance and improving reproductive function. Therapeutically, it is used to treat infertility disorders, with key medical applications in assisted reproduction, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and unexplained infertility. | DUKE |
| Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE |
| Anti-lepric | 33282 | An agent that combats leprosy, a chronic bacterial infection. It plays a biological role in inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium leprae, reducing inflammation and nerve damage. Therapeutically, anti-leprics are used to treat leprosy, preventing disability and disfigurement, with key medical uses including multidrug therapy regimens to cure the disease. | DUKE |
| Anti-lithic | | An agent that prevents the formation of calculi (kidney stones) or promotes their dissolution, playing a key role in urology. Its therapeutic applications include managing kidney stone disease, nephrolithiasis, and urinary tract disorders, helping to alleviate pain and prevent complications. | DUKE |
| Anti-Lyme | 33281 | An agent that targets Borrelia burgdorferi, reducing Lyme disease symptoms. Therapeutically, it's used to treat Lyme disease, preventing long-term complications. Key medical uses include early-stage treatment, reducing infection severity, and managing tick-borne illnesses. | DUKE |
| Anti-maculitic | | An agent that reduces macular inflammation, commonly used in managing age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema, promoting vision preservation and reducing disease progression. | DUKE |
| Anti-measles | 22587 | An agent that prevents or treats measles infection, commonly used to boost immunity and reduce symptoms of the measles virus, with key applications in vaccination and outbreak management. | DUKE |
| Anti-menopausal | 52217 | An agent that alleviates menopausal symptoms, regulating hormonal balance and reducing discomfort. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hot flashes, night sweats, and mood changes, improving quality of life for menopausal women. Key medical uses include hormone replacement therapy and treatment of menopause-related disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-migraine | 52217 | An agent that alleviates migraine symptoms, commonly used to treat and prevent migraine headaches by constricting blood vessels and blocking pain pathways, providing relief from severe headaches, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. | DUKE |
| Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE |
| Anti neuramidase | 52425 | An agent that inhibits neuraminidase, an enzyme involved in viral replication. It plays a biological role in preventing viral release from infected cells. Therapeutically, it is used to treat and prevent influenza, with key medical applications including reducing disease severity and hospitalization rates. | DUKE |
| Anti-nitrosic | | An agent that counteracts nitrosative stress, reducing oxidative damage and inflammation. It plays a biological role in protecting cells from nitric oxide-related harm. Therapeutically, anti-nitrosic agents have applications in managing neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, with key medical uses including neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects. | DUKE |
| Anti-obesity | 52217 | An agent that reduces body weight, commonly used in managing obesity and related disorders, by regulating appetite, metabolism, and fat storage, with therapeutic applications in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. | DUKE |
| Anti-orchitic | | An agent that relieves symptoms of orchitis, reducing inflammation and pain in the testes, commonly used to treat testicular infections and swelling. | DUKE |
| Anti osteoarthritic | 52217 | An agent that reduces inflammation and slows cartilage degradation, commonly used to manage osteoarthritis symptoms, promoting joint health and relieving pain. | DUKE |
| Anti osteoporotic | 52217 | An agent that prevents or treats osteoporosis by promoting bone density, reducing bone resorption, and increasing calcium absorption, commonly used in managing osteoporosis, osteopenia, and preventing fractures. | DUKE |
| Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE |
| Anti-Parkinsonian | 48407 | An agent that alleviates symptoms of Parkinson's disease, enhancing dopamine levels and improving motor function, commonly used to manage tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia in neurodegenerative disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-parotitic | | An agent that relieves inflammation of the parotid gland, playing a biological role in reducing swelling and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to treat parotitis, commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections. Key medical uses include managing mumps, parotid gland infections, and salivary gland disorders, providing relief from symptoms and promoting healing. | DUKE |
| Anti periodontitic | | An agent that reduces inflammation of tissue around teeth, preventing gum shrinkage and tooth loosening, commonly used to treat periodontal disease and promote oral health. | DUKE |
| Anti-pneumonic | 52217 | An agent that prevents or treats pneumonia, reducing inflammation and infection in the lungs, commonly used in managing respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, and promoting lung health. | DUKE |
| Anti-podriac | | An agent that inhibits the growth of Podriac bacteria, reducing inflammation and infection. Therapeutically, it's used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Podriac species, and has applications in wound care and skin infections, promoting healing and preventing further complications. | DUKE |
| Anti poliomyelitic | 22587 | An agent that prevents or treats poliomyelitis, a highly infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Its biological role is to neutralize or eliminate the virus, and its therapeutic applications include vaccination and immunization. Key medical uses include preventing polio outbreaks and treating infected individuals to reduce paralysis and other complications. | DUKE |
| Anti pyretic | 35493 | An agent that reduces fever, commonly used to relieve headache, pain, and discomfort associated with elevated body temperature, and to manage fever in various medical conditions, such as infections and inflammatory diseases. | DUKE |
| Anti radicular | | An agent that relieves inflammation or irritation of the nerve root of a tooth, reducing pain and discomfort. Its biological role is to target and alleviate radicular pain, with therapeutic applications in endodontics and key medical uses in root canal treatments and tooth sensitivity management. | DUKE |
| Anti Raynaud's | 52217 | An agent that improves blood flow to extremities, reducing vasospasm and relieving symptoms of Raynaud's disease, commonly used to manage cold-induced digital ulcers, pain, and discoloration in fingers and toes. | DUKE |
| Anti-retinotic | | An agent that inhibits retinoic acid activity, acting as a receptor antagonist. It plays a biological role in regulating cell growth and differentiation. Therapeutically, it has applications in managing retinoic acid-related disorders, with key medical uses including treatment of retinoic acid toxicity and certain types of cancer. | DUKE |
| Anti-rheumatic | 52217 | An agent that reduces inflammation and alleviates symptoms of rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis. It plays a biological role in modulating the immune system and inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways. Therapeutically, anti-rheumatics are used to manage conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and osteoarthritis, reducing pain, swelling, and joint damage. Key medical uses include slowing disease progression and improving quality of life for patients with chronic rheumatic conditions. | DUKE |
| Anti-rhinitic | 52217 | An agent that relieves nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis symptoms, reducing inflammation and histamine release. Therapeutically, it's used to manage rhinitis, sinusitis, and allergic reactions, providing relief from sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes. | DUKE |
| Anti-scorbutic | 52217 | An agent that prevents or treats scurvy, a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency. It plays a biological role in collagen synthesis and iron absorption. Therapeutically, it is used to manage scurvy, improve wound healing, and support immune function, with key medical applications in nutrition and infectious disease management. | DUKE |
| Anti septic | 33281 | An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management. | DUKE |
| Anti-shingles | 22587 | An antiviral agent that targets the varicella-zoster virus, reducing symptoms and complications of shingles (herpes zoster). Therapeutically, it alleviates pain, rash, and post-herpetic neuralgia, commonly used in managing shingles outbreaks and preventing long-term nerve damage. | DUKE |
| Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE |
| Anti-stress | 52217 | An agent that reduces stress symptoms, commonly used in managing anxiety disorders, promoting relaxation, and mitigating the biological effects of stress on the body, such as hypertension and immune suppression, with therapeutic applications in mental health and key medical uses in cardiology and neurology. | DUKE |
| Anti syndrome-X | 52217 | An agent that improves insulin sensitivity, reducing glucose and lipid levels. It plays a biological role in regulating metabolic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in managing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, making it a key medical use in preventing and treating metabolic syndrome. | DUKE |
| Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Anti ulcer | 49201 | An agent that reduces stomach acid and protects the mucous lining, preventing ulcer formation. It is used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, promoting healing and relieving symptoms. | DUKE |
| Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE |
| Apoptotic | | An agent that stimulates programmed cell death, playing a crucial biological role in eliminating damaged or unwanted cells. It has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, and key medical uses include inducing cell death in malignant cells, reducing tumor growth, and enhancing chemotherapy efficacy. | DUKE |
| Asthma preventive | 49167 | An agent that reduces airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, preventing asthma symptoms. Therapeutically, it is used to manage asthma, reducing frequency and severity of attacks, and is commonly used in long-term control and prevention of asthma exacerbations. | DUKE |
| Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker | 37962 | An agent that blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and blood pressure. Therapeutically, it manages hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias, while also being used to treat conditions like glaucoma, migraine headaches, and performance anxiety. | DUKE |
| Beta-glucuronidase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme that breaks down glucuronides. It reduces the toxicity of certain drugs and is used to manage conditions like cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and irinotecan-induced diarrhea, improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects. | DUKE |
| Calcium antagonist | 48706 | A medication that blocks calcium ion entry into cells, reducing muscle contraction and vascular resistance. It treats hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias by dilating blood vessels and decreasing cardiac workload, commonly used in managing cardiovascular diseases. | DUKE |
| Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE |
| Cardioprotective | 38070 | An agent that protects the heart from damage, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It plays a biological role in mitigating cardiac stress and injury, with therapeutic applications in preventing heart attacks, strokes, and arrhythmias, and key medical uses in treating hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE |
| Cold preventive | | An agent that prevents the development of cold symptoms, such as congestion or body aches, by boosting the immune system and reducing viral replication, commonly used to manage and prevent upper respiratory tract infections. | DUKE |
| Collagenic | | An agent that stimulates collagen production, the primary protein in connective tissue, promoting tissue repair and regeneration. It has therapeutic applications in wound healing, orthopedics, and dermatology, with key medical uses including skin rejuvenation, joint health, and bone fracture repair. | DUKE |
| Detoxicant | 50247 | An agent that facilitates the removal of toxins from the body, playing a crucial role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Therapeutically, detoxicants are used to treat poisoning, heavy metal exposure, and liver diseases, promoting overall health and well-being by neutralizing harmful substances. | DUKE |
| Diuretic | 35498 | An agent that increases urine production, helping remove excess fluids and salts from the body. It plays a key biological role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure. Therapeutically, diuretics are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, edema, and heart failure, helping reduce swelling and lower blood pressure. | DUKE |
| Fistula preventive | 52217 | An agent that prevents the formation of abnormal connections between organs or vessels, reducing the risk of fistula development. Therapeutically, it promotes tissue healing and integrity, commonly used in managing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and post-surgical complications. | DUKE |
| Hypocholesterolemic | | An agent that lowers cholesterol levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of heart disease, with key medical applications including the treatment of high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE |
| Hypoglycemic | 35526 | An agent that lowers blood glucose levels, playing a crucial role in glucose metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage diabetes and insulin resistance, with key medical applications in treating type 1 and 2 diabetes, and preventing diabetic complications. | DUKE |
| Hypotensive | | An agent that lowers blood pressure, playing a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, it's used to manage hypertension, heart failure, and angina, with key medical applications in preventing stroke, kidney disease, and cardiac complications. | DUKE |
| Immunomodulator | 50846 | An agent that regulates the immune system, modifying its response to maintain balance. Therapeutically, it's used to treat autoimmune diseases, prevent transplant rejection, and manage chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. | DUKE |
| Immunostimulant | 50847 | An agent that stimulates the immune system, enhancing its response to infections and diseases. Therapeutically, it boosts the body's natural defenses, commonly used to treat immunodeficiency disorders, prevent infections, and support cancer treatment, as well as manage chronic conditions like hepatitis and HIV. | DUKE |
| Interferonogenic | | An agent that stimulates interferon production, enhancing immune response to pathogens, with therapeutic applications in treating viral infections and cancers, and key medical uses in immunotherapy and antiviral treatments. | DUKE |
| Lithogenic | | An agent that promotes the formation of calculi (kidney stones), playing a role in certain biological processes. Therapeutically, it has limited applications, but is used in research to study kidney stone formation. Medically, understanding lithogenic factors is crucial in preventing and managing kidney stone disease, allowing for targeted interventions to reduce stone formation and recurrence. | DUKE |
| Mucolytic | 77034 | An agent that breaks down mucus, reducing its viscosity and facilitating clearance. It plays a biological role in maintaining respiratory tract health. Therapeutically, mucolytics are used to manage respiratory conditions, such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis, by loosening and clearing excess mucus. | DUKE |
| Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Uricosuric | | A substance that increases uric acid excretion in the urine, reducing blood plasma concentration. It plays a biological role in preventing uric acid buildup. Therapeutically, it's used to treat gout and hyperuricemia, managing symptoms and preventing complications. Key medical uses include reducing uric acid levels and alleviating gout attacks. | DUKE |
| Urinary acidulant | | An agent that increases urine acidity, helping to prevent kidney stone formation and treat conditions like urinary tract infections and certain kidney disorders by reducing mineral precipitation. | DUKE |
| Vasodilator | 35620 | An agent that widens blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and increasing blood flow. It plays a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, vasodilators are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and heart failure, improving oxygen delivery and reducing cardiac workload. | DUKE |
| Vulnerary | 73336 | An agent that promotes wound healing, tissue repair, and skin regeneration. It facilitates the biological process of recovery, reducing inflammation and infection. Therapeutically, vulneraries are used to treat cuts, burns, ulcers, and other skin injuries, supporting the body's natural healing mechanisms and minimizing scarring. | DUKE |
