Showing Compound Trigonelline (FDB002237)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation date

2010-04-08 22:05:17 UTC

Update date

2020-09-17 15:30:47 UTC

Primary ID

FDB002237

Secondary Accession Numbers

Not Available

Chemical Information

FooDB Name

Trigonelline

Description

N-Methylnicotinate or Trigonelline, also known as caffearin or gynesine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkaloids and derivatives. These are naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus. Trigonelline is a moderately acidic compound. Trigonelline exists in all living organisms, from bacteria to humans. It is a product of the metabolism of niacin (vitamin B3) and it is excreted in the urine. Trigonelline in urine is a biomarker for the consumption of coffee, legumes and soy products. Trigonelline is found in highest concentrations in arabica coffee, fenugreeks, and common pea and in lower concentrations in yellow bell peppers, orange bell peppers, and muskmelons. Trigonelline has also been detected in rices, triticales, alfalfa, cereals and cereal products, ryes fenugreek seeds, garden peas, oats and potatoes. Trigonelline may reduce dental caries by preventing the bacteria Streptococcus mutans from adhering to teeth. It also has shown anti-carcinogenic and anti-hyperglycemic effects in several studies (PMID: 22680628; PMID: 31896496; PMID: 31363374).

CAS Number

535-83-1

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Synonym	Source
1-Methyl-3-pyridiniumcarboxylate	ChEBI
1-Methylnicotinate	ChEBI
1-Methylpyridinio-3-carboxylate	ChEBI
3-Carboxy-1-methylpyridinium hydroxide inner salt	ChEBI
Betain nicotinate	ChEBI
Betaine nicotinate	ChEBI
Caffearin	ChEBI
Caffearine	ChEBI
Coffearin	ChEBI
Gynesine	ChEBI
N'-methylnicotinate	ChEBI
N-Methyl-nicotinate	ChEBI
Nicotinic acid N-methylbetaine	ChEBI
Trigenelline	ChEBI
Trigonellin	ChEBI
1-Methyl-3-pyridiniumcarboxylic acid	Generator
1-Methylnicotinic acid	Generator
1-Methylpyridinio-3-carboxylic acid	Generator
Betain nicotinic acid	Generator
Betaine nicotinic acid	Generator
N'-methylnicotinic acid	Generator
N-Methyl-nicotinic acid	Generator
Nicotinate N-methylbetaine	Generator
N-Methylnicotinic acid	HMDB
Trigonelline chloride	HMDB
Trigonelline iodide	HMDB
Trigonelline tosylate	HMDB
Trigonelline ion	HMDB
3-Carboxy-1-methyl-pyridinium hydroxide inner salt	HMDB
Coffearine	HMDB
N-Methylnicotinate	HMDB
Trigenolline	HMDB
Trigonelline	ChEBI
1-methylnicotinate	biospider
1-methylpyridinium-3-carboxylate	biospider
3-carboxy-1-methyl-Pyridinium hydroxide inner salt	biospider
3-Carboxy-1-methylpyridinium hydroxide, inner salt	biospider
535-83-1 (INNER SALT)	biospider
Gynesis	db_source
N-methyl-nicotinate	biospider
N-methylnicotinate	biospider
N-methylnicotinic acid	biospider
N-Methylnicotinic betaine	db_source
Nicotinic acid n-methylbetaine	biospider
Pyridinium, 3-carboxy-1-methyl-, hydroxide, inner salt	biospider
Pyridinium, 3-carboxy-1-methyl-, inner salt	biospider

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.32 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3.3	ALOGPS
logP	-3.5	ChemAxon
logS	-2.8	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.78	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	44.01 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	48.15 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	13.4 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Chemical Formula

C7H7NO2

IUPAC name

1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylate

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C7H7NO2/c1-8-4-2-3-6(5-8)7(9)10/h2-5H,1H3

InChI Key

WWNNZCOKKKDOPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Isomeric SMILES

C[N+]1=CC=CC(=C1)C([O-])=O

Average Molecular Weight

137.136

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

137.047678473

Classification

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkaloids and derivatives. These are naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Alkaloids and derivatives

Class

Not Available

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Alkaloids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Pyridine carboxylic acid
Alkaloid or derivatives
Pyridine carboxylic acid or derivatives
N-methylpyridinium
Pyridinium
Pyridine
Heteroaromatic compound
Vinylogous amide
Carboxylic acid salt
Carboxylic acid derivative
Carboxylic acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Azacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Organic salt
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxygen compound
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

iminium betaine (CHEBI:18123 )
alkaloid (CHEBI:18123 )
Pyridine alkaloids (C01004 )
a small molecule (METHYLNICOTINATE )

Ontology

Lung cancer

Disposition

Route of exposure:

Enteral:

Ingestion

Cytoplasm

Biofluid and excreta:

Foods

Beverages:

Coffee products

Nuts and legumes:

Legumes

Physico-Chemical Properties

Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental

Property	Value	Reference
Physical state	Solid
Physical Description	Not Available
Mass Composition	C 61.31%; H 5.14%; N 10.21%; O 23.33%	DFC
Melting Point	Mp 218 dec. (anhyd.)	DFC
Boiling Point	Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility	Not Available
Experimental logP	Not Available
Experimental pKa	Not Available
Isoelectric point	Not Available
Charge	Not Available
Optical Rotation	Not Available
Spectroscopic UV Data	Not Available
Density	Not Available
Refractive Index	Not Available

Spectra

EI-MS/GC-MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
EI-MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-0pdu-9700000000-9de70f10113aec22e7f5	2015-03-01	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Trigonelline, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	splash10-000i-9800000000-114b1e0b54ab0d6c1b04	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Trigonelline, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum

MS/MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-2900000000-f7b3226615bd5e87f89b	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-1900000000-a11de5552f1c306be0df	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-014i-9000000000-ee318a4f5a9d9e271a4d	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-b68b239b6e2b1aae5216	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-1900000000-4eecb45261b5714a6f19	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-0006-9200000000-1f392d4e498677997436	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-2a8b2c8721614293a8f3	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-016u-9000000000-0dc3b09d666ea6c7af17	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-000l-6900000000-0d204e6b92b9c6b643da	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positive	splash10-0006-9100000000-d147503f87ded3d41c26	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-b68b239b6e2b1aae5216	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-000i-1900000000-4eecb45261b5714a6f19	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-0006-9200000000-1f392d4e498677997436	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-2a8b2c8721614293a8f3	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-016u-9000000000-1638942a7b48eab1c7f7	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-2fd573463b73045c069a	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	splash10-000l-6900000000-0d204e6b92b9c6b643da	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	splash10-0006-9100000000-d147503f87ded3d41c26	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Linear Ion Trap , positive	splash10-014i-2900000000-821723f398418c66e692	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-000i-0900000000-bdce44a0a273f61efb2b	2017-06-28	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-004r-1900000000-840b949e52853c7aa542	2017-06-28	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0fk9-9500000000-71844206506e1ac6a027	2017-06-28	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-0900000000-972c1ff182d2cbcd6c30	2017-06-28	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-000j-8900000000-1a56824bf3a0ff0f80d0	2017-06-28	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00kb-9000000000-c91672f20ae7e2130b95	2017-06-28	View Spectrum

NMR

Type	Description	View
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25.16 MHz, D₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum

External Links

ChemSpider ID

ChEMBL ID

KEGG Compound ID

Pubchem Compound ID

Pubchem Substance ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

18123

Phenol-Explorer ID

Not Available

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

HMDB00875

CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID

CHH01-A:CHH01-A

EAFUS ID

Not Available

Dr. Duke ID

TRIGONELLINE

BIGG ID

Not Available

KNApSAcK ID

C00001555

HET ID

Not Available

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

Not Available

Flavornet ID

Not Available

GoodScent ID

Not Available

SuperScent ID

Not Available

Wikipedia ID

Trigonelline

Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID

Not Available

Duplicate IDS

Not Available

Old DFC IDS

Not Available

Associated Foods

Food	Content Range	Average	Reference
Food			Reference

Biological Effects and Interactions

Health Effects / Bioactivities

Descriptor	ID	Definition	Reference
Anti-cancer	35610	An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival.	DUKE
Anti hyperglycemic		An agent that lowers elevated blood glucose levels, playing a crucial biological role in regulating glucose metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperglycemia, with key medical applications in treating diabetes mellitus, reducing the risk of complications, and improving glycemic control.	DUKE
Anti-migraine	52217	An agent that alleviates migraine symptoms, commonly used to treat and prevent migraine headaches by constricting blood vessels and blocking pain pathways, providing relief from severe headaches, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound.	DUKE
Anti septic	33281	An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management.	DUKE
Antitumor	35610	An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes.	DUKE
Epidermal stimulant		An agent that stimulates renewal of the epidermis, promoting skin regeneration and collagen production, used to reduce wrinkles, fine lines, and other signs of aging, with therapeutic applications in dermatology and cosmetic medicine.	DUKE
Hypocholesterolemic		An agent that lowers cholesterol levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of heart disease, with key medical applications including the treatment of high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease.	DUKE
Hypoglycemic	35526	An agent that lowers blood glucose levels, playing a crucial role in glucose metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage diabetes and insulin resistance, with key medical applications in treating type 1 and 2 diabetes, and preventing diabetic complications.	DUKE
Mutagenic		An agent that induces genetic mutations, altering DNA sequences. It plays a biological role in evolution and adaptation. Therapeutically, mutagenic agents are used in cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, and in gene therapy to introduce beneficial traits. Key medical uses include oncology and genetic research.	DUKE
Osmoregulator		An organism that maintains solute balance in its body fluids, despite external concentration changes. Its biological role is to regulate osmotic pressure, with therapeutic applications in managing fluid balance disorders, and key medical uses in treating conditions like edema and dehydration.	DUKE
Pesticide	25944	An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections.	DUKE
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor		An agent that blocks the enzymatic activity of tyrosine kinases, enzymes responsible for the activation of many proteins involved in signal transduction pathways regulating cell growth and survival. Therapeutically, tyrosine kinase inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of various cancers and proliferative diseases, by halting aberrant signaling that drives tumor progression and pathological tissue remodeling.	DUKE