1.0 2010-04-08 22:05:26 UTC 2019-11-26 02:57:38 UTC FDB002571 Catechin Present in red wine. Widespread in plants; found in a variety of foodstuffs especies apricots, broad beans, cherries, chocolate, grapes, nectarines, red wine, rhubarb, strawberries and tea (+)-Catechin or Catechin is one of the 4 catechin diastereoisomers. (+)-(2R,3S)-5,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavan-3-ol (+)-3',4',5,7-Tetrahydroxy-2,3-trans-flavan-3-ol (+)-Catechin (+)-Catechin hydrate (+)-Catechol (+)-Cianidanol (+)-Cyanidan-3-ol (+)-Cyanidanol (+/-)-catechin (+/-)-catechin hydrate (2R-trans)-2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol (2R,3S)-(+)-Catechin (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)chromane-3,5,7-triol (2R,3S)-3,3',4',5,7-Flavanpentol (2R,3S)-Catechin 3,3',4',5,7-Flavanpentol 3,3',4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavan; (+)-trans-form Biocatechin Catechin Catechinate Catechinic acid Catechol (8CI) Catechuate Catechuic acid Catergen Cianidanol Cianidanolum Cianidol Cyanidanol Cyanidol D-(+)-Catechin D-Catechin D-Catechol Dexcyanidanol Drenoliver trans-(+)-3,3',4',5,7-Flavanpentol trans3,3,4,5,7 Pentahydroxyflavane YK-85 light yellow powder 85 C15H14O6 290.2681 290.07903818 (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol (+)-catechol 154-23-4 O[C@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O[C@@H]1C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1 InChI=1S/C15H14O6/c16-8-4-11(18)9-6-13(20)15(21-14(9)5-8)7-1-2-10(17)12(19)3-7/h1-5,13,15-20H,6H2/t13-,15+/m0/s1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechins. Catechins are compounds containing a catechin moiety, which is a 3,4-dihydro-2-chromene-3,5.7-tiol. Catechins Organic compounds Phenylpropanoids and polyketides Flavonoids Flavans Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds 1-benzopyrans 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids 3'-hydroxyflavonoids 3-hydroxyflavonoids 4'-hydroxyflavonoids 5-hydroxyflavonoids 7-hydroxyflavonoids Alkyl aryl ethers Benzene and substituted derivatives Catechols Hydrocarbon derivatives Oxacyclic compounds Polyols Secondary alcohols 1-benzopyran 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid 3'-hydroxyflavonoid 3-hydroxyflavonoid 4'-hydroxyflavonoid 5-hydroxyflavonoid 7-hydroxyflavonoid Alcohol Alkyl aryl ether Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound Benzenoid Benzopyran Catechin Catechol Chromane Ether Hydrocarbon derivative Hydroxyflavonoid Monocyclic benzene moiety Organic oxygen compound Organoheterocyclic compound Organooxygen compound Oxacycle Phenol Polyol Secondary alcohol Condensed tannins (Proanthocyanidins) Flavan 3-ols Flavans, Flavanols and Leucoanthocyanidins Flavans, Flavanols and Leucoanthocyanidins catechin Solid logp 1.02 ALOGPS logs -2.65 ALOGPS solubility 6.45e-01 g/l ALOGPS melting_point Mp 175-177° (anhyd.) logp 1.8 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 9 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -3.3 ChemAxon iupac (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol ChemAxon average_mass 290.2681 ChemAxon mono_mass 290.07903818 ChemAxon smiles O[C@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O[C@@H]1C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1 ChemAxon formula C15H14O6 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C15H14O6/c16-8-4-11(18)9-6-13(20)15(21-14(9)5-8)7-1-2-10(17)12(19)3-7/h1-5,13,15-20H,6H2/t13-,15+/m0/s1 ChemAxon inchikey PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 110.38 ChemAxon refractivity 74 ChemAxon polarizability 27.89 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 1 ChemAxon acceptor_count 6 ChemAxon donor_count 5 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::NmrOneD 1904 Specdb::NmrOneD 166547 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1839 Specdb::MsMs 2128 Specdb::MsMs 2129 Specdb::MsMs 2130 Specdb::MsMs 5795 Specdb::MsMs 5796 Specdb::MsMs 179496 Specdb::MsMs 179497 Specdb::MsMs 179498 Specdb::MsMs 181824 Specdb::MsMs 181825 Specdb::MsMs 181826 Specdb::MsMs 285568 Specdb::MsMs 285569 Specdb::MsMs 285570 Specdb::MsMs 285571 Specdb::MsMs 373619 Specdb::MsMs 373620 Specdb::MsMs 373621 Specdb::MsMs 373622 Specdb::MsMs 374087 Specdb::MsMs 374088 Specdb::MsMs 374089 Specdb::MsMs 437066 Specdb::MsMs 437067 Specdb::MsMs 437068 Specdb::CMs 17748 Specdb::CMs 31994 Specdb::CMs 38476 Specdb::CMs 99783 Specdb::CMs 101915 Specdb::CMs 101916 Specdb::CMs 136943 Specdb::CMs 144677 Specdb::CMs 152122 HMDB02780 KXN #<Reference:0x000055ce300da6c0> #<Reference:0x000055ce300da508> #<Reference:0x000055ce300da350> #<Reference:0x000055ce300da198> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d9fe0> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d9e28> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d9c70> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d9ab8> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d9900> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d9748> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d9590> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d93d8> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d9220> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d9068> #<Reference:0x000055ce300d8eb0> Adzuki bean Type 1 specific Vigna angularis 3914 Alcoholic beverages Unknown generic Almond Type 1 specific Prunus dulcis 3755 1.2792 1.27920001 1.27920001 mg/100 g Amaranth Type 1 specific Amaranthus 3564 American cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium macrocarpon 13750 0.33 0.33 0.33 mg/100 g Annual wild rice Type 1 specific Zizania aquatica 75727 Apple Type 1 specific Malus pumila 283210 1.319783 5.556039602 0.0 mg/100 g Apple cider Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Apricot Type 1 specific Prunus armeniaca 36596 1.442032 3.520727174 0.250999997 mg/100 g Arabica coffee Type 1 specific Coffea arabica 13443 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Avocado Type 1 specific Persea americana 3435 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Banana Type 1 specific Musa acuminata 4641 1.342353 1.342352951 1.342352951 mg/100 g Barley Type 1 specific Hordeum vulgare 4513 1.233333 1.233333309 1.233333309 mg/100 g Beer Type 2 specific 0.778901 2.05 0.028000001 mg/100 g Bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtillus 180763 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Black tea Type 1 1.33008 2.455077986 0.488076924 mg/100 g Blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus 289.305 289.305 289.305 mg/100 g Blackcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes nigrum 78511 482.85 965.0 0.699999988 mg/100 g Brazil nut Type 1 specific Bertholletia excelsa 3645 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Breakfast cereal Type 2 specific Broad bean Type 1 specific Vicia faba 3906 14.53 16.229999542 12.829999924 mg/100 g Broccoli Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. italica 36774 1.2128 1.9873 0.0 mg/100 g Brussel sprouts Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera 178616 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Bulgur Type 2 specific Caraway Type 1 specific Carum carvi 48032 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Carob Type 1 specific Ceratonia siliqua 20340 Carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota ssp. sativus 79200 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cashew nut Type 1 specific Anacardium occidentale 171929 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cauliflower Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. botrytis 3715 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cereals and cereal products Unknown generic Ceylon cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum verum 128608 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea 21019 0.01 0.01 0.01 mg/100 g Chickpea Type 1 specific Cicer arietinum 3827 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chinese cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum aromaticum 119260 Chocolate Type 2 specific 20.4975 20.497499943 20.497499943 mg/100 g Cloudberry Type 1 specific Rubus chamaemorus 57936 0.5 0.5 0.5 mg/100 g Cloves Type 1 specific Syzygium aromaticum 219868 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cocoa bean Type 1 specific Theobroma cacao 3641 Cocoa powder Type 2 specific 107.75 107.75 107.75 mg/100 g Coffee Type 1 generic Coffea 13442 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 1.828462 5.070000331 0.01 mg/100 g Common buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum esculentum 3617 Common cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea 3712 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common grape Type 1 specific Vitis vinifera 29760 2.021162 5.460000311 0.0 mg/100 g Common hazelnut Type 1 specific Corylus avellana 13451 1.2 1.2 1.2 mg/100 g Common pea Type 1 specific Pisum sativum 3888 0.005 0.01 0.0 mg/100 g Common sage Type 1 specific Salvia officinalis 38868 Common walnut Type 1 specific Juglans regia 51240 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common wheat Type 1 specific Triticum aestivum 4565 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Corn Type 1 specific Zea mays 4577 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cucumber Type 1 specific Cucumis sativus 3659 0.127933 0.2116 0.0 mg/100 g Cucurbita Type 1 specific Cucurbita 3660 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cumin Type 1 specific Cuminum cyminum 52462 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cupuaçu Type 1 specific Theobroma grandiflorum 108881 Custard apple Type 1 specific Annona reticulata 301862 0.58 0.580000003 0.580000003 mg/100 g Dill Type 1 specific Anethum graveolens 40922 0.00845 0.009 0.0079 mg/100 g Eggplant Type 1 specific Solanum melongena 4111 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g European cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium oxycoccos 516948 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g European plum Type 1 specific Prunus domestica 3758 11.800682 24.699999809 0.0 mg/100 g Evergreen blackberry Type 1 specific Rubus laciniatus 289.305 289.305 289.305 mg/100 g Fig Type 1 specific Ficus carica 3494 0.07 0.070000003 0.070000003 mg/100 g Flour Type 2 specific Fox grape Type 1 specific Vitis labrusca 103355 1.5 1.5 1.5 mg/100 g Fruit juice Type 2 specific Fruits Unknown generic Garden rhubarb Type 1 specific Rheum rhabarbarum 3621 2.17 2.170000076 2.170000076 mg/100 g Garden tomato (var.) Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum 397755 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g German camomile Type 1 specific Matricaria recutita 127986 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Ginger Type 1 specific Zingiber officinale 94328 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Ginkgo nuts Type 1 specific Ginkgo biloba 3311 Gooseberry Type 1 specific Ribes uva-crispa 135518 1.67 1.670000076 1.670000076 mg/100 g Grape wine Type 2 specific 2.251499 6.807417151 0.203000003 mg/100 g Green bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 2.737692 5.070000331 0.405384614 mg/100 g Green bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.2464 0.4052 0.0 mg/100 g Green tea Type 1 1.33008 2.455077986 0.488076924 mg/100 g Green vegetables Unknown generic Green zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Hard wheat Type 1 specific Triticum durum 4567 Herbal tea Type 1 Highbush blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium corymbosum 69266 9.7875 19.575 0.0 mg/100 g Hot chocolate Type 2 specific 6.646818 8.650000215 4.643636357 mg/100 g Italian sweet red pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Japanese persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros kaki 35925 0.63 0.629999995 0.629999995 mg/100 g Japanese pumpkin Type 1 specific Cucurbita maxima 3661 0.44805 0.4551 0.441 mg/100 g Kiwi Type 1 specific Actinidia chinensis 3625 0.022667 0.068000001 0.0 mg/100 g Lentils Type 1 generic Lens culinaris 3864 0.20375 0.281749988 0.125750001 mg/100 g Lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa 4236 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lingonberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium vitis-idaea 180772 Liquor Type 2 specific 1.5525 1.55249995 1.55249995 mg/100 g Macadamia nut (M. tetraphylla) Type 1 specific Macadamia tetraphylla 512563 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mango Type 1 specific Mangifera indica 29780 1.72 1.720000029 1.720000029 mg/100 g Medlar Type 1 specific Mespilus germanica 36616 0.02 0.02 0.02 mg/100 g Millet Type 1 specific Panicum miliaceum 4540 Muskmelon Type 1 specific Cucumis melo 3656 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Nectarine Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. nucipersica 323851 4.748056 4.777777804 4.718333274 mg/100 g Nutmeg Type 1 specific Myristica fragrans 51089 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Oat Type 1 specific Avena sativa 4498 Olive Type 1 specific Olea europaea 4146 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Oriental wheat Type 1 specific Triticum turanicum 376534 Other cocoa product Type 2 specific Oxheart cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. conica 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Peach Type 1 specific Prunus persica 3760 Peach (var.) Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. persica 323852 3.902277 5.47455325 2.329999924 mg/100 g Peanut Type 1 specific Arachis hypogaea 3818 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pear Type 1 specific Pyrus communis 23211 0.107411 1.011041678 0.0 mg/100 g Pecan nut Type 1 specific Carya illinoinensis 32201 7.2 7.199999673 7.199999673 mg/100 g Pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pepper (Spice) Type 1 specific Piper nigrum 13216 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Peppermint Type 1 specific Mentha X piperita 34256 0.3 0.300000012 0.300000012 mg/100 g Pine nut Type 1 specific Pinus 3337 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pineapple Type 1 specific Ananas comosus 4615 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pistachio Type 1 specific Pistacia vera 55513 3.5 3.5 3.5 mg/100 g Pomegranate Type 1 specific Punica granatum 22663 0.386077 0.400000016 0.372153846 mg/100 g Potato Type 1 specific Solanum tuberosum 4113 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Quince Type 1 specific Cydonia oblonga 36610 0.75 0.75 0.75 mg/100 g Quinoa Type 1 specific Chenopodium quinoa 63459 Rabbiteye blueberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium virgatum 201.005 201.005 201.005 mg/100 g Red beetroot Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris var. rubra 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Red bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Red raspberry Type 1 specific Rubus idaeus 32247 0.582857 0.582857126 0.582857126 mg/100 g Red rice Type 1 specific Oryza rufipogon 4529 Red tea Type 1 Red wine Type 2 100.0 100.0 100.0 mg/100 g Redcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes rubrum 175228 0.783571 1.267142909 0.300000012 mg/100 g Rice Type 1 specific Oryza sativa 4530 Robusta coffee Type 1 specific Coffea canephora 49390 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Romaine lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia 0.42725 0.4753 0.3792 mg/100 g Rosemary Type 1 specific Rosmarinus officinalis 39367 2.7 2.700000048 2.700000048 mg/100 g Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry) Type 1 specific Rubus 23216 0.715714 0.715714284 0.715714284 mg/100 g Rye Type 1 specific Secale cereale 4550 Sacred lotus Type 1 specific Nelumbo nucifera 4432 Sapodilla Type 1 specific Manilkara zapota 3741 Sea-buckthornberry Type 1 specific Hippophae rhamnoides 193516 2.25 2.24999994 2.24999994 mg/100 g Sherry Type 2 specific 2.37 2.369999886 2.369999886 mg/100 g Sorghum Type 1 specific Sorghum bicolor 4558 Soy bean Type 1 specific Glycine max 3847 Spelt Type 1 specific Triticum spelta 58933 Star anise Type 1 specific Illicium verum 124778 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Strawberry Type 1 specific Fragaria X ananassa 3747 3.628571 6.357142993 0.899999976 mg/100 g Sweet bay Type 1 specific Laurus nobilis 85223 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet cherry Type 1 specific Prunus avium 42229 1.501429 1.501428621 1.501428621 mg/100 g Sweet marjoram Type 1 specific Origanum majorana 268884 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet orange Type 1 specific Citrus sinensis 2711 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Tartary buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum tataricum 62330 Tea Type 1 specific Camellia sinensis 4442 1.33008 2.455077986 0.488076924 mg/100 g Teff Type 1 specific Eragrostis tef 110835 Triticale Type 1 specific X Triticosecale rimpaui Vinegar Type 2 specific 1.232508 1.232508027 1.232508027 mg/100 g Wheat Type 1 specific Triticum 4564 Wheat bread Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g White wine Type 2 1.665 2.23 1.1 mg/100 g Wild rice Type 1 specific Zizania 15949 Yellow bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.05555 0.057 0.0541 mg/100 g Yellow wax bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 5.07 5.070000331 5.070000331 mg/100 g Yellow zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g bitter Allelochemic 41 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 18 An EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1). Anti bacterial 145 A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. Anti cariogenic 165 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti coagulant 191 An agent that prevents blood clotting. Anti complementary 201 Anti endotoxic 259 Any protective agent counteracting or neutralizing the action of poisons. Anti feedant 275 Anti hepatitic 323 Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver. Anti hepatotoxic 328 Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver. Anti histaminic 331 Histamine antagonists are the drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. Anti HIV 333 A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses. Anti hyperlipidemic 348 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti leukemic 393 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Anti lipoperoxidant 407 Anti osteotic 497 Anti periodontal 514 Anti peroxidant 519 Anti prostaglandin 550 A chemical substance which inhibits the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites. Anti radicular 572 Anti ulcer 676 One of various classes of drugs with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. Anti-aggregant 94 Anti-alcoholic 98 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti-arthritic 131 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Anti-edemic 248 Anti-flu 284 A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses. Anti-herpetic 329 A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses. Anti-inflammatory 370 A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. Anti-mutagenic 451 Anti-oxidant 502 A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324. Anti-plaque 531 Anti-sclerodermic 595 A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin. Anti-viral 689 A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses. Astringent 712 A compound that causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions. Beta-adrenergic receptor blocker 727 Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor 753 A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. Cancer preventive 754 A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms. Carcinogenic 762 A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities. Cardiotonic 771 A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres. Catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitor 782 An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of catechol O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.6). Cyclooxygenase inhibitor 849 A compound or agent that combines with cyclooxygenases (EC 1.14.99.1) and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of icosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes. Cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor 840 A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 1. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor 841 A cyclooxygenase inhibitor that interferes with the action of cyclooxygenase 2. Cytotoxic 859 A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process. Dermatitigenic 875 Fungicide 940 A substance used to destroy fungal pests. Hemostat 976 Hepatoprotective 981 Any compound that is able to prevent damage to the liver. Hypocholesterolemic 1016 Immunostimulant 1032 A substance that augments, stimulates, activates, potentiates, or modulates the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. A classical agent (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contains bacterial antigens. It could also be endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Its mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy is related to its antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. Lipoxygenase inhibitor 1077 A compound or agent that combines with lipoxygenase and thereby prevents its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of the icosanoid products hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and various leukotrienes. Neuroprotective 1158 Any compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nitric-oxide inhibitor 1167 A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. Pesticide 1210 Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests. Phagocytotic 1212 Tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1253 Vasoconstrictor 1412 Drug used to cause constriction of the blood vessels. Xanthine oxidase inhibitor 1431 An EC 1.17.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on CH or CH2 with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2).