<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:06:09 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-18 22:55:40 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB004261</accession>
  <name>Cerium</name>
  <description>Cerium, also known as 58ce or cer, is a member of the class of compounds known as homogeneous lanthanide compounds. Homogeneous lanthanide compounds are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms, with the largest atom being a lanthanide atom. Cerium can be found in a number of food items such as black-eyed pea, cucumber, spinach, and orange bell pepper, which makes cerium a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Cerium can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine. Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. Cerium is a soft, ductile and silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air, and it is soft enough to be cut with a knife. Cerium is the second element in the lanthanide series, and while it often shows the +3 oxidation state characteristic of the series, it also exceptionally has a stable +4 state that does not oxidize water. It is also traditionally considered one of the rare-earth elements. Cerium has no biological role and is not very toxic .</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>CE</synonym>
    <synonym>Ceria</synonym>
    <synonym>Ceric dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Ceric oxide</synonym>
    <synonym>CERIC OXIDE, CeO2.XH2O</synonym>
    <synonym>Ceric oxide, ceria</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium oxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium oxide (Ce2O3)</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium oxide (CeO2)</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium sesquioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium trioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium, crude</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium(4+) oxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium(III) oxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium(IV) oxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium(IV) oxide, dispersion</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerium(IV)dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Cerous oxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Dicerium trioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Molycomp 5310</synonym>
    <synonym>Needlal</synonym>
    <synonym>Needlal U15</synonym>
    <synonym>Needlal W10-01</synonym>
    <synonym>Needlal W15</synonym>
    <synonym>Nidoral</synonym>
    <synonym>Opaline</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>Ce</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>140.116</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>139.905434035</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>cerium</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>cerium</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>7440-45-1</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[Ce]</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/Ce</inchi>
  <inchikey>GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous lanthanide compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms, with the largest atom being a lanthanide atom.</description>
    <direct_parent>Homogeneous lanthanide compounds</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Inorganic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Homogeneous metal compounds</super_class>
    <class>Homogeneous lanthanide compounds</class>
    <sub_class/>
    <molecular_framework/>
    <alternative_parents>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Homogeneous lanthanide</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>f-block element atom</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>lanthanoid atom</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>cerium</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>140.116</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>139.905434035</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>[Ce]</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>Ce</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/Ce</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>1.78</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>101553</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>101554</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>101555</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>167196</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>167197</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>167198</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB0013672</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>37262</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Black walnut</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Juglans nigra</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>16719</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.04</average_value>
      <max_value>0.04</max_value>
      <min_value>0.04</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Black-eyed pea</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3920</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Brazil nut</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bertholletia excelsa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3645</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.12</average_value>
      <max_value>0.12</max_value>
      <min_value>0.12</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Broccoli</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Brassica oleracea var. italica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>36774</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0003</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0004</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0002</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Carrot</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Daucus carota ssp. sativus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>79200</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0001</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0001</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0001</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 0% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 1% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin A + D added, 2% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cow milk, pasteurized, vitamin D added, 3.25% fat</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cucumber</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cucumis sativus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3659</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.000019</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00003016</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Dill</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anethum graveolens</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>40922</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.00035</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0004</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0003</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Eggplant</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Solanum melongena</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4111</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.000035</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00004</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00003</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Garden onion</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Allium cepa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4679</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.000057</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00006548</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00004822</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Garden tomato</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Solanum lycopersicum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4081</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.00003</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00004</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00002</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Garden tomato (var.)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>397755</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>3.35</average_value>
      <max_value>3.35</max_value>
      <min_value>3.35</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Garlic</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Allium sativum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4682</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0001</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0001</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0001</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Green bell pepper</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capsicum annuum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4072</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.00013</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00014</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00012</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Green zucchini</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.000043</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00004582</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00004015</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Italian sweet red pepper</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capsicum annuum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4072</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.00005</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00006</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00004</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Japanese pumpkin</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cucurbita maxima</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3661</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0001</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0001</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0001</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Milk (Cow)</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.004928</average_value>
      <max_value>0.007</max_value>
      <min_value>0.004</min_value>
      <unit>uM</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Orange bell pepper</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capsicum annuum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4072</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.000084</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00008878</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00007829</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Parsnip</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Pastinaca sativa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4041</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.000154</average_value>
      <max_value>0.000154209</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00015338</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Potato</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Solanum tuberosum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4113</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.00035</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0005</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0002</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Red beetroot</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Beta vulgaris var. rubra</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.0006</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0006</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0006</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Red bell pepper</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capsicum annuum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4072</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.00005</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00005093</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00004871</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Romaine lettuce</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.000195</average_value>
      <max_value>0.000215724</max_value>
      <min_value>0.000168215</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Spinach</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Spinacia oleracea</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3562</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.00265</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0032</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0021</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sunburst squash (pattypan squash)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.000084</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0001</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00005522</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Turnip</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Brassica rapa var. rapa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>51350</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0002</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0002</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0002</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>White cabbage</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.00007</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00008</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00006</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Yellow bell pepper</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capsicum annuum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4072</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.000057</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00006343</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00005143</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Yellow zucchini</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.0001</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0001</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0001</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
