| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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| Anti-apoptotic | | An agent that inhibits programmed cell death, promoting cell survival. It plays a biological role in regulating cell growth and development. Therapeutically, it has applications in cancer treatment, neurodegenerative diseases, and tissue repair. Key medical uses include preventing cell loss in stroke, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases, as well as in cancer therapy to protect healthy cells from chemotherapy-induced damage. | DUKE | | Anti-arthritic | 52217 | An agent that reduces joint inflammation and alleviates symptoms of arthritis, commonly used in managing rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other inflammatory joint disorders, to improve mobility and quality of life. | DUKE | | Anti-cancer | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival. | DUKE | | Anti carcinogenic | 35610 | An agent that prevents or inhibits the formation of cancer, reducing tumor growth and proliferation. It plays a biological role in protecting cells from DNA damage and mutation. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent cancer development, with key medical applications in chemotherapy, radiation protection, and cancer prevention programs. | DUKE | | Anti-collagenase | 23924 | An agent that inhibits collagenase activity, reducing tissue breakdown and inflammation. Therapeutically, it is used to manage conditions such as osteoarthritis, tendonitis, and periodontal disease, promoting tissue repair and wound healing. | DUKE | | Anti-diabetic | 52217 | An agent that regulates blood sugar levels, enhancing insulin sensitivity or secretion. Therapeutically, it's used to manage diabetes, reducing symptoms and complications, and commonly prescribed to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. | DUKE | | Anti elastase | 23924 | An agent that inhibits elastase activity, reducing tissue damage and inflammation. It plays a biological role in protecting tissues from enzymatic degradation. Therapeutically, it is used to manage conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), where excessive elastase activity contributes to disease progression. | DUKE | | Anti hyperglycemic | | An agent that lowers elevated blood glucose levels, playing a crucial biological role in regulating glucose metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperglycemia, with key medical applications in treating diabetes mellitus, reducing the risk of complications, and improving glycemic control. | DUKE | | Anti hyperinsulinemic | | An agent that lowers elevated blood insulin levels, reducing insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. It plays a biological role in regulating glucose metabolism and has therapeutic applications in managing type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and metabolic syndrome. Key medical uses include improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. | DUKE | | Anti hyperleptinemic | | An agent that reduces leptin levels in the bloodstream, regulating energy balance and metabolism. It has therapeutic applications in managing obesity, metabolic syndrome, and related disorders, and is used to treat conditions associated with high leptin levels, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. | DUKE | | Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE | | Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE | | Anti myopic | | An agent that corrects nearsightedness (myopia), a refractive error of the eye, by slowing eye growth and improving vision. Its biological role is to regulate axial elongation, and its therapeutic applications include orthokeratology and pharmaceutical treatments. Key medical uses include preventing myopia progression in children and reducing the risk of myopia-related complications. | DUKE | | Anti nyctalopic | | An agent that enhances sight in dim light or at night, countering nyctalopia (night blindness). Its biological role is to improve visual acuity in low-light conditions. Therapeutically, it has applications in treating night blindness and other visual impairments. Key medical uses include managing vitamin A deficiency, a common cause of night blindness, and improving visual function in individuals with impaired low-light vision. | DUKE | | Anti-obesity | 52217 | An agent that reduces body weight, commonly used in managing obesity and related disorders, by regulating appetite, metabolism, and fat storage, with therapeutic applications in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. | DUKE | | Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE | | Anti proliferant | | An agent that prevents or inhibits cell growth and division, used therapeutically to treat cancer, manage tumor growth, and prevent restenosis after angioplasty, reducing abnormal cell proliferation. | DUKE | | Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE | | Anti-varicose | 52217 | An agent that improves blood circulation and strengthens vein walls, reducing swelling and discomfort. Therapeutically, it is used to manage varicose veins, edema, and hemorrhoids, promoting overall vascular health. | DUKE | | Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE | | Chemopreventive | 35610 | An agent that prevents or delays the development of cancer, reducing the risk of tumor formation and progression. It plays a biological role in inhibiting carcinogenesis, and has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention, with key medical uses including reducing the risk of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. | DUKE | | Cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor | 50630 | An agent that blocks the activity of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to manage conditions like arthritis, and as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to relieve pain, fever, and inflammation, while minimizing gastrointestinal side effects. | DUKE | | Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor | 50629 | An agent that blocks the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to manage conditions such as arthritis, menstrual cramps, and other inflammatory disorders, providing relief from symptoms with reduced gastrointestinal side effects compared to non-selective NSAIDs. | DUKE | | Goitrogenic | | A substance that interferes with thyroid hormone production by blocking iodine uptake, leading to increased TSH release and potential goiter formation, with therapeutic applications in managing hyperthyroidism and certain thyroid disorders. | DUKE | | Hemostat | | An agent that controls bleeding, playing a biological role in blood coagulation. Therapeutically, it promotes clot formation, and its key medical uses include treating wounds, surgical bleeding, and hemorrhages, helping to stabilize patients and prevent excessive blood loss. | DUKE | | Nitric-oxide scavenger | | An agent that retains nitric oxide, reducing its bioavailability. It plays a role in regulating vascular tone and inflammation. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like hypertension and septic shock, with key medical uses including cardiovascular and critical care applications. | DUKE | | Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE | | Vasoactive | | An agent that affects blood vessel diameter, regulating blood pressure and flow. It plays a biological role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Therapeutically, vasoactive agents are used to treat conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and shock, and have applications in managing bleeding and perfusion during surgery. | DUKE | | Vasodilator | 35620 | An agent that widens blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and increasing blood flow. It plays a biological role in regulating cardiovascular function. Therapeutically, vasodilators are used to treat conditions such as hypertension, angina, and heart failure, improving oxygen delivery and reducing cardiac workload. | DUKE | | Vasoprotective | | An agent that protects and alleviates blood vessel conditions, such as hemorrhoids and varicose veins, by strengthening vessel walls and improving circulation, with therapeutic applications in managing vascular disorders, and key medical uses including hormone replacement therapy with estrogen. | DUKE |
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