<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:07:43 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-18 23:05:12 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB007671</accession>
  <name>Fluorene</name>
  <description>Fluorene, also known as diphenylenemethane or 9h-fluorene, is a member of the class of compounds known as fluorenes. Fluorenes are compounds containing a fluorene moiety, which consists of two benzene rings connected through either a cyclopentane, cyclopentene, or cyclopenta-1,3-diene. Fluorene is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Fluorene can be found in corn, which makes fluorene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Fluorene is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound. Fluorene , or 9H-fluorene, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It forms white crystals that exhibit a characteristic, aromatic odor similar to that of naphthalene. It is combustible. It has a violet fluorescence, hence its name. For commercial purposes it is obtained from coal tar. It is insoluble in water and soluble in many organic solvents . PAHs are carcinogens and have been associated with the increased risk of skin, respiratory tract, bladder, stomach, and kidney cancers. They may also cause reproductive effects and depress the immune system (L10) (T3DB).</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>2,2'-methylene biphenyl</synonym>
    <synonym>2,2'-Methylenebiphenyl</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Benzindene</synonym>
    <synonym>9H-Fluorene</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-diphenylenemethane-9H-fluorene</synonym>
    <synonym>Diphenylenemethane</synonym>
    <synonym>ghl.PD_Mitscher_leg0.1322</synonym>
    <synonym>Methane, diphenylene-</synonym>
    <synonym>O-biphenylenemethane</synonym>
    <synonym>O-biphenylmethane</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C13H10</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>166.2185</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>166.07825032</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>9H-fluorene</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>fluorene</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>86-73-7</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C12</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C13H10/c1-3-7-12-10(5-1)9-11-6-2-4-8-13(11)12/h1-8H,9H2</inchi>
  <inchikey>NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fluorenes. Fluorenes are compounds containing a fluorene moiety, which consists of two benzene rings connected through either a cyclopentane, cyclopentene, or cyclopenta-1,3-diene.</description>
    <direct_parent>Fluorenes</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Benzenoids</super_class>
    <class>Fluorenes</class>
    <sub_class/>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Aromatic hydrocarbons</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Polycyclic hydrocarbons</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Unsaturated hydrocarbons</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aromatic homopolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Fluorene</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Polycyclic hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Unsaturated hydrocarbon</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>an aromatic compound</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>ortho-fused polycyclic arene</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4.26</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-4.82</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>2.52e-03 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>114.8 oC</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>3.74</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>17.79</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>9H-fluorene</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>166.2185</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>166.07825032</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C12</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C13H10</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C13H10/c1-3-7-12-10(5-1)9-11-6-2-4-8-13(11)12/h1-8H,9H2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>54.87</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>19.36</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>2680</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>3366</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>431</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>105951</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>118084</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>49239</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>49240</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>49241</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>114261</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>114262</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>114263</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3434483</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3434484</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3434485</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3434486</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3434487</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3434488</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>28266</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Carrot</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Daucus carota ssp. sativus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>79200</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Corn</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Zea mays</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4577</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
