<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:09:20 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-18 23:22:33 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB010856</accession>
  <name>Rhein</name>
  <description>Present in Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb). Rhein is found in dock, green vegetables, and garden rhubarb.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyl anthraquinone</synonym>
    <synonym>1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyl-9,10-anthraquinone</synonym>
    <synonym>1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-3-carboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Anthroic acid, 9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9, 10-dioxo-</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Anthroic acid, 9,10-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-</synonym>
    <synonym>4, 5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4,5-Dihydroxy-2-anthraquinonecarboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>4,5-DiOH-anthraquinone-2-COOH</synonym>
    <synonym>9,10-Dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid, 9CI</synonym>
    <synonym>9,10-dihydro-4,5-Dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthroic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Cassic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Chrysazin-3-carboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Dipropionyl rhein</synonym>
    <synonym>Monorhein</synonym>
    <synonym>Rhein</synonym>
    <synonym>Rhein (1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyl anthraquinone)</synonym>
    <synonym>Rhubarb yellow</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C15H8O6</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>284.2204</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>284.032087988</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>monorhein</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>478-43-3</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C(O)=C1)C(=O)C1=C(C=CC=C1O)C2=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C15H8O6/c16-9-3-1-2-7-11(9)14(19)12-8(13(7)18)4-6(15(20)21)5-10(12)17/h1-5,16-17H,(H,20,21)</inchi>
  <inchikey>FCDLCPWAQCPTKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as anthracenecarboxylic acids. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid group attached to an anthracene ring system.</description>
    <direct_parent>Anthracenecarboxylic acids</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Benzenoids</super_class>
    <class>Anthracenes</class>
    <sub_class>Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Anthraquinones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Aryl ketones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Naphthalenecarboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Vinylogous acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>9,10-anthraquinone</substituent>
      <substituent>Anthracene carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Anthraquinone</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic homopolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Aryl ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxybenzoic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Vinylogous acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Anthracenes and phenanthrenes</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Anthracenes and phenanthrenes</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Anthraquinone type</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>anthracenes</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>2.18</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-3.12</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>2.14e-01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 321° (310°)</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>3.27</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>3.4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-4.4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>4,5-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>284.2204</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>284.032087988</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>OC(=O)C1=CC2=C(C(O)=C1)C(=O)C1=C(C=CC=C1O)C2=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C15H8O6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C15H8O6/c16-9-3-1-2-7-11(9)14(19)12-8(13(7)18)4-6(15(20)21)5-10(12)17/h1-5,16-17H,(H,20,21)</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>FCDLCPWAQCPTKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>111.9</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>72.37</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>26.62</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>12668</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>43004</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>168173</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>12638</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>12639</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>12640</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>19310</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>19311</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>19312</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438399</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438400</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438401</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438402</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438403</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439468</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439469</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439470</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>449526</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>452090</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2233080</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2235436</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2244508</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2245614</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2246580</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2247698</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2250634</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2251752</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2254448</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB32876</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id>RHN</het_id>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce2f23c438&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce2f233db0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce2f233b58&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce2f233950&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce2f233658&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce2f233400&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Dock</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Rumex</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3618</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Garden rhubarb</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Rheum rhabarbarum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3621</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Green vegetables</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti bacterial</name>
      <id>145</id>
      <definition>A substance that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti carcinomic</name>
      <id>162</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti cariogenic</name>
      <id>165</id>
      <definition>Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti cytomegalovirus</name>
      <id>217</id>
      <definition>A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti neoplastic</name>
      <id>465</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti septic</name>
      <id>603</id>
      <definition>A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-plaque</name>
      <id>531</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-viral</name>
      <id>689</id>
      <definition>A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Antitumor</name>
      <id>672</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Calcium antagonist</name>
      <id>748</id>
      <definition>Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Candidicide</name>
      <id>756</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cathartic</name>
      <id>784</id>
      <definition>Any substance that accelerates defecation. Compare with laxatives, which are substances that ease defecation (usually by softening faeces). A substance can be both a laxative and a cathartic.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cytotoxic</name>
      <id>859</id>
      <definition>A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Fungicide</name>
      <id>940</id>
      <definition>A substance used to destroy fungal pests.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Pesticide</name>
      <id>1210</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Proteinase inhibitor</name>
      <id>1264</id>
      <definition>A compound which inhibits or antagonizes the biosynthesis or actions of proteases (endopeptidases).</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Purgative</name>
      <id>1275</id>
      <definition>An agent that produces a soft formed stool, and relaxes and loosens the bowels, typically used over a protracted period, to relieve constipation. Compare with cathartic, which is a substance that accelerates defecation. A substances can be both a laxative and a cathartic.</definition>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
