Record Information
Version1.0
Creation date2010-04-08 22:09:51 UTC
Update date2019-11-26 03:05:30 UTC
Primary IDFDB011828
Secondary Accession NumbersNot Available
Chemical Information
FooDB NameGenistein
DescriptionGenistein is a phenolic compound belonging to the isoflavonoid group. Isoflavonoids are found mainly in soybean. Genistein and daidzein (an other isoflavonoid) represent the major phytochemicals found in this plant. Health benefits (e.g. reduced risk for certain cancers and diseases of old age) associated to soya products consumption have been observed in East Asian populations and several epidemiological studies. This association has been linked to the action of isoflavonoids. With a chemical structure similar to the hormone 17-b-estradiol, soy isoflavones are able to interact with the estrogen receptor. They also possess numerous biological activities. (PMID: 15540649). Genistein is a biomarker for the consumption of soy beans and other soy products.
CAS Number446-72-0
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
SynonymSource
4',5,7-TrihydroxyisoflavoneChEBI
5,7,4'-TrihydroxyisoflavoneChEBI
5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-oneChEBI
PrunetolChEBI
SophoricolChEBI
4',5, 7-TrihydroxyisoflavoneHMDB
4',5,7-Trihydroxy-isoflavoneHMDB
4,5,7-Trihydroxy iso-flavoneHMDB
Genistein 85% HPLCHMDB
GenisteolHMDB
GenisterinHMDB
GenesteinHMDB
4',5,7-trihydroxy-Isoflavonebiospider
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-biospider
5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-benzopyronebiospider
5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-Benzopyran-4-onebiospider
5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-onebiospider
5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-onebiospider
Bonisteinbiospider
Differenol Adb_source
Genistein 85% hplcHMDB
Isoflavone, 4',5,7-trihydroxy-biospider
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.12 g/LALOGPS
logP3.04ALOGPS
logP3.08ChemAxon
logS-3.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)6.55ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-5.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area86.99 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity71.68 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability26.59 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Chemical FormulaC15H10O5
IUPAC name5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C15H10O5/c16-9-3-1-8(2-4-9)11-7-20-13-6-10(17)5-12(18)14(13)15(11)19/h1-7,16-18H
InChI KeyTZBJGXHYKVUXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILESOC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O
Average Molecular Weight270.24
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight270.052823422
Classification
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isoflavones. These are polycyclic compounds containing a 2-isoflavene skeleton which bears a ketone group at the C4 carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassPhenylpropanoids and polyketides
ClassIsoflavonoids
Sub ClassIsoflav-2-enes
Direct ParentIsoflavones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hydroxyisoflavonoid
  • Isoflavone
  • Chromone
  • Benzopyran
  • 1-benzopyran
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Pyranone
  • Phenol
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyran
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous acid
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect

Health effect:

Disposition

Route of exposure:

Source:

Biological location:

Role

Industrial application:

Biological role:

Foods

Nuts and legumes:

Physico-Chemical Properties
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
PropertyValueReference
Physical stateSolid
Physical DescriptionNot Available
Mass CompositionC 66.67%; H 3.73%; O 29.60%DFC
Melting PointMp 301-302° dec.DFC
Boiling PointNot Available
Experimental Water SolubilityNot Available
Experimental logPNot Available
Experimental pKa7.63
Isoelectric pointNot Available
ChargeNot Available
Optical RotationNot Available
Spectroscopic UV Data[neutral] lmax 261 (e 38500) (MeOH) (Derep)DFC
DensityNot Available
Refractive IndexNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
EI-MS/GC-MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
GC-MSGenistein, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0321900000-1dd6fcaf99898bd949dfSpectrum
GC-MSGenistein, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-0321900000-1dd6fcaf99898bd949dfSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSGenistein, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-0490000000-2922d094b504ca63625fSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSGenistein, 3 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-3232900000-5532bb09d0ee2a1c2b07Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSGenistein, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSGenistein, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
MS/MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-APPI-QQ (API2000) , Positivesplash10-014l-9600000000-04b546320e268d8172762012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-APPI-QQ (API2000) , Positivesplash10-00kf-5910000000-7e265d1b4640f882195a2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-APPI-QQ (API2000) , Positivesplash10-0v4m-1960000000-7843ec8ae23314f881472012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-APPI-QQ (API2000) , Positivesplash10-00di-0290000000-52ec910b223a3688fbc02012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-APPI-QQ (API2000) , Positivesplash10-00di-0190000000-4045f471e10774927fb02012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-APPI-QQ (API2000) , Positivesplash10-00di-0090000000-b593f863241cb83cbaa82012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-APPI-QQ (API2000) , Positivesplash10-00di-0190000000-0cd8d123608bd54f72142012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 5V, Positivesplash10-00di-0090000000-9ce354d07dc39313259b2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-001i-0910000000-5eb75a138568fa4ac8972012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-0fr6-2920000000-a32f6ae97952bb96de052012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-00di-0290000000-4592d557e739a114cbfa2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITTOF (LCMS-IT-TOF) , Positivesplash10-00di-0090000000-14ae481944ad1a1f7ca02012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITTOF (LCMS-IT-TOF) , Negativesplash10-014i-0090030000-a3400b0a77da6983528f2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negativesplash10-014i-0090000000-6db4d2441911d696b1212017-08-14View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 20V, Negativesplash10-014i-0090000000-6db4d2441911d696b1212017-08-14View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 50V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-ad50062f85b9c32e14262017-08-14View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 40V, Negativesplash10-001i-0910000000-6a694e60823635f667572017-08-14View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negativesplash10-014i-0090000000-720c4e1f43db9f50b5892017-09-12View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 20V, Negativesplash10-014i-0090000000-0e3ca66534f635efb4d82017-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00di-0090000000-3ca72bf3c489e8b068452017-06-28View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00di-0090000000-664850196c63c1380b4e2017-06-28View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0udi-5790000000-f3cf7e73e69ebaba09892017-06-28View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-0090000000-aa4506f67fa71b5e6f4e2017-06-28View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-014i-0090000000-f1f0ad0b45f461f988db2017-06-28View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0gb9-3960000000-16725698ad6eee8f88dc2017-06-28View Spectrum
NMR
TypeDescriptionView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, Methanol, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, Methanol, experimental)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental)Spectrum
ChemSpider ID4444448
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL44
KEGG Compound IDC06563
Pubchem Compound ID5280961
Pubchem Substance IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28088
Phenol-Explorer ID396
DrugBank IDDB01645
HMDB IDHMDB03217
CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) IDGZR02-N:GZR02-N
EAFUS IDNot Available
Dr. Duke IDGENISTEIN
BIGG IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00002526
HET IDGEN
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
Flavornet IDNot Available
GoodScent IDNot Available
SuperScent IDNot Available
Wikipedia IDGenistein
Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID396
Duplicate IDSNot Available
Old DFC IDSNot Available
Associated Foods
FoodContent Range AverageReference
FoodReference
Biological Effects and Interactions
Health Effects / Bioactivities
DescriptorIDDefinitionReference
Abortifacient50691 An agent that induces abortion, disrupting pregnancy by blocking progesterone or causing uterine contractions. Therapeutically, it's used to terminate early pregnancies, manage ectopic pregnancies, or treat miscarriages. Key medical uses include medical abortion, pregnancy termination, and menstrual regulation.DUKE
Aldose reductase inhibitor48550 An agent that blocks the activity of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. It reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly used in managing diabetic complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.DUKE
Alpha-reductase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, reducing androgenic effects. Therapeutically, it treats conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia, androgenetic alopecia, and acne, by decreasing sebum production and slowing hair loss.DUKE
Anti-aggregantAn agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots.DUKE
Anti-angiogenic48422 An agent that inhibits the formation of new blood vessels, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment by starving tumors of oxygen and nutrients. Therapeutically, it is used to manage cancer, age-related macular degeneration, and other diseases characterized by excessive angiogenesis, reducing tumor growth and slowing disease progression.DUKE
Anti-atherosclerotic38070 An agent that prevents or slows the formation of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by plaque buildup in arteries. It reduces inflammation, improves lipid profiles, and inhibits platelet aggregation, commonly used to manage cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, and prevent heart attacks and strokes.DUKE
Anti-cancer35610 An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival.DUKE
Anti carcinomic35610 An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, playing a crucial role in cancer prevention and treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to manage and treat various types of cancer, reducing tumor size and slowing disease progression, with key medical uses in oncology and chemotherapy.DUKE
Anti climactericAn agent that alleviates symptoms of male menopause, including reduced libido and sexual activity, by regulating hormonal imbalances, with therapeutic applications in managing andropause and key medical uses in treating age-related sexual dysfunction.DUKE
Anti endoccytoticAn agent that inhibits endocytosis, a process by which cells internalize molecules. It plays a biological role in regulating cell signaling and membrane trafficking. Therapeutically, it has applications in treating diseases like cancer and infectious disorders by blocking viral entry. Key medical uses include cancer therapy and antiviral treatment.DUKE
Anti estrogenic35222 An agent that blocks or reduces estrogen's effects, used to treat hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast cancer, and manage conditions like endometriosis and uterine fibroids, by inhibiting estrogen's biological role in promoting cell growth.DUKE
Anti-fertilityAn agent that inhibits reproduction, playing a biological role in population control. Therapeutically, it's used as a contraceptive, with key medical applications in family planning and birth control, preventing unwanted pregnancies and managing reproductive health.DUKE
Anti-hemolytic50248 An agent that prevents or reduces the breakdown of red blood cells, used to treat conditions such as hemolytic anemia, and other disorders where red blood cell destruction occurs, promoting healthy red blood cell count and preventing related complications.DUKE
Anti implantationAn agent that prevents the adherence of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, playing a biological role in regulating fertility. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent pregnancy, with key medical applications in contraception and family planning.DUKE
Anti-inflammatory35472 An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis.DUKE
Anti-ischemic52217 An agent that reduces or prevents tissue damage from inadequate blood flow, commonly used to manage angina, heart attacks, and strokes by improving oxygen delivery and reducing cardiac workload.DUKE
Anti leukemic35610 An agent that targets and inhibits the growth of leukemia cells, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to induce remission, manage symptoms, and improve survival rates in patients with leukemia. Key medical uses include treating acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, and other hematological malignancies.DUKE
Anti leukotriene35222 An agent that blocks the action of leukotrienes, reducing inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Therapeutically, it is used to treat asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other respiratory disorders by inhibiting the biological role of leukotrienes in mediating inflammatory responses.DUKE
Anti-lymphomicAn agent that targets and destroys lymphatic cells that form tumors, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to manage lymphomas, with key medical applications in chemotherapy and immunotherapy to combat blood cell cancers.DUKE
Anti-melanomic35610 An agent that inhibits melanin production, reducing melanoma cell growth. It has therapeutic applications in treating skin cancers, particularly melanoma, and key medical uses include preventing tumor progression and metastasis, as well as managing pigmentation disorders.DUKE
Anti microbial33281 An agent that inhibits the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, playing a crucial role in preventing infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat various infectious diseases, with key medical applications including wound care, respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal infections, ultimately reducing the risk of infection and promoting healing.DUKE
Anti mitogenicAn agent that inhibits mitosis, or cell division, playing a role in regulating tissue growth. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent excessive cell proliferation, with key medical applications in cancer treatment and management of proliferative disorders.DUKE
Anti-mutagenicAn agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects.DUKE
Anti neuroblastomicAn agent that targets and inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma, a malignant tumor composed of neuroblasts, commonly found in the adrenal gland, used therapeutically to treat neuroblastoma, particularly in pediatric cancer patients.DUKE
Anti osteoporotic52217 An agent that prevents or treats osteoporosis by promoting bone density, reducing bone resorption, and increasing calcium absorption, commonly used in managing osteoporosis, osteopenia, and preventing fractures.DUKE
Anti-oxidant22586 An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects.DUKE
Anti-proliferativeAn agent that inhibits cell growth and division, particularly in cancer cells, preventing tumor expansion. It plays a biological role in regulating cell cycles and has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy, with key medical uses in managing various types of cancer and other proliferative diseases.DUKE
Anti prostat adenomic35610 An agent that inhibits the growth of prostatic adenoma cells, reducing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms. It helps alleviate urinary obstruction, improving quality of life for patients with enlarged prostates, and is used to treat BPH and prevent related complications.DUKE
Anti-prostatiticAn agent that relieves prostatitis, reducing inflammation of the prostate gland, and is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome.DUKE
Anti-spasmodic52217 An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort.DUKE
Antitumor35610 An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes.DUKE
Anti ulcer49201 An agent that reduces stomach acid and protects the mucous lining, preventing ulcer formation. It is used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, promoting healing and relieving symptoms.DUKE
Anti-viral22587 An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19.DUKE
ApoptoticAn agent that stimulates programmed cell death, playing a crucial biological role in eliminating damaged or unwanted cells. It has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, and key medical uses include inducing cell death in malignant cells, reducing tumor growth, and enhancing chemotherapy efficacy.DUKE
Aromatase inhibitor50790 An agent that blocks the activity of aromatase, an enzyme converting androgens to estrogens, reducing estrogen levels. Therapeutically, it's used to treat hormone-sensitive breast cancer, endometriosis, and infertility, by decreasing estrogen-dependent growth and symptoms.DUKE
Calcium antagonist48706 A medication that blocks calcium ion entry into cells, reducing muscle contraction and vascular resistance. It treats hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias by dilating blood vessels and decreasing cardiac workload, commonly used in managing cardiovascular diseases.DUKE
Cancer preventive35610 An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence.DUKE
Cardioprotective38070 An agent that protects the heart from damage, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It plays a biological role in mitigating cardiac stress and injury, with therapeutic applications in preventing heart attacks, strokes, and arrhythmias, and key medical uses in treating hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease.DUKE
Catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitor48406 An agent that blocks the activity of catechol O-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in breaking down catecholamines. Therapeutically, it increases dopamine levels, commonly used in managing Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety disorders, as well as treating pain and fibromyalgia.DUKE
Cytotoxic52209 An agent that kills or damages cells, playing a biological role in immune responses and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include chemotherapy, targeting and destroying cancer cells, and treating certain autoimmune diseases by eliminating harmful cells.DUKE
DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks the conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine, increasing L-DOPA availability for Parkinson's disease treatment, and reducing peripheral side effects. Therapeutically used to enhance levodopa therapy, managing Parkinson's disease symptoms and reducing motor fluctuations.DUKE
Estrogen agonist63951 An agent that mimics the action of estrogen, regulating female reproductive and sexual health. Therapeutically, it's used to manage menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, and certain reproductive disorders, promoting bone density and relieving symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency.DUKE
EstrogenicAn agent that mimics the effects of estrogen, regulating female reproductive processes and development. Therapeutically, estrogenic agents are used in hormone replacement therapy, contraception, and treating menopausal symptoms, as well as certain cases of osteoporosis and infertility.DUKE
FlatulentA substance causing gas accumulation in the alimentary canal. Biologically, it aids in digestion. Therapeutically, it's used to relieve constipation and bloating. Medically, key uses include treating gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and preparing the bowel for surgical procedures or colonoscopies.DUKE
Fungicide24127 An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage.DUKE
FungistatAn agent that inhibits fungal growth, used to prevent fungal infections, commonly applied in therapeutic applications such as treating skin and nail infections, and managing fungal diseases in immunocompromised patients.DUKE
Histidine-kinase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks histidine kinase activity, reducing bacterial signal transduction. Therapeutically, it has antimicrobial applications, commonly used to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, particularly in treating tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.DUKE
HypocholesterolemicAn agent that lowers cholesterol levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of heart disease, with key medical applications including the treatment of high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease.DUKE
Immunostimulant50847 An agent that stimulates the immune system, enhancing its response to infections and diseases. Therapeutically, it boosts the body's natural defenses, commonly used to treat immunodeficiency disorders, prevent infections, and support cancer treatment, as well as manage chronic conditions like hepatitis and HIV.DUKE
Lipase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks the activity of lipase, an enzyme that breaks down fats. It reduces fat absorption, commonly used in managing obesity and weight loss, particularly in combination with a low-calorie diet.DUKE
Monoamine-oxidase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks monoamine oxidase enzymes, increasing neurotransmitter levels. Therapeutically, it reduces depression symptoms and is commonly used in managing depression, anxiety disorders, and Parkinson's disease.DUKE
Multidrug resistance inhibitor35222 An agent that blocks the efflux pumps in cancer cells, restoring sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs and overcoming drug resistance, commonly used in cancer treatment to enhance efficacy of anticancer medications.DUKE
NADH-ubiquinone-oxidoreductase inhibitor50390 An agent that blocks the activity of NADH-ubiquinone-oxidoreductase, a key enzyme in mitochondrial electron transport. It has therapeutic applications in managing neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases, with key medical uses including anti-cancer and anti-parasitic treatments.DUKE
NatriureticAn agent that promotes the excretion of sodium in the urine, aiding in blood pressure regulation and fluid balance. It plays a biological role in managing hypertension and heart failure, with therapeutic applications in treating edema and cardiovascular diseases. Key medical uses include diuretic therapy and management of congestive heart failure.DUKE
Ornithine-decarboxylase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in cell growth and proliferation. It reduces polyamine synthesis, inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat cancer, particularly in combination with other therapies, and has potential applications in managing parasitic infections and skin disorders.DUKE
Peroxidase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks the activity of peroxidase enzymes, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Therapeutically, it has applications in managing conditions like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disorders, where oxidative damage plays a key role.DUKE
Pesticide25944 An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections.DUKE
Phytoalexin26115 A plant-derived compound that plays a biological role in defense against pathogens. It has therapeutic applications as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent, with key medical uses in managing infections, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.DUKE
Pituitary sensitizerAn agent that enhances pituitary gland response, increasing sensitivity to hypothalamic hormones. Therapeutically, it stimulates hormone production, commonly used in treating hypopituitarism, growth hormone deficiency, and certain fertility disorders.DUKE
Protein-tyrosine-kinase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks the activity of protein-tyrosine kinases, enzymes involved in cell signaling and growth. Therapeutically, it reduces abnormal cell proliferation, commonly used in managing cancer, particularly leukemia and solid tumors, by inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis.DUKE
Quinone-reductase inducerAn agent that stimulates quinone reductase enzymatic activity, enhancing cellular antioxidant defenses and protecting against carcinogens, with therapeutic applications in cancer chemoprevention and potential uses in managing oxidative stress-related diseases.DUKE
Topoisomerase-II inhibitor50750 An agent that blocks the activity of topoisomerase-II, an enzyme involved in DNA replication. It prevents cancer cell growth by disrupting DNA structure, commonly used in chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma.DUKE
Topoisomerase-I inhibitor50276 An agent that blocks the activity of topoisomerase I, an enzyme involved in DNA replication. It is used therapeutically in cancer treatment, particularly for solid tumors, by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting cancer cell growth, with key medical uses in colorectal, lung, and breast cancers.DUKE
Topoisomerase-II poison50750 An agent that inhibits topoisomerase-II, an enzyme crucial for DNA replication and cell division, inducing DNA damage and apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Therapeutically, it is used as an anticancer agent, commonly applied in treating various types of leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors.DUKE
TrypanosomastatAn antiparasitic agent that inhibits the growth of Trypanosoma parasites, used to treat trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and other related diseases, offering therapeutic applications in managing parasitic infections.DUKE
Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor23924 An agent that blocks tyrosine kinase enzymes, reducing cell signaling and proliferation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat cancers, such as leukemia and breast cancer, by inhibiting tumor growth, and also has applications in managing certain autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.DUKE
Utero trophic52217 A hormone that stimulates uterine growth and development, playing a crucial role in pregnancy. Therapeutically, it's used to support embryonic implantation and fetal development, with key medical applications in infertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and recurrent miscarriage prevention.DUKE
VEGF inhibitor35222 An agent that blocks the activity of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), reducing angiogenesis. Therapeutically, it's used to treat cancer, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting tumor growth and abnormal blood vessel formation.DUKE
Enzymes
NameGene NameUniProt ID
Estrogen receptor betaESR2Q92731
Estrogen receptorESR1P03372
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4DHRS4Q9BTZ2
Nuclear receptor coactivator 1NCOA1Q15788
DNA topoisomerase 2-alphaTOP2AP11388
PathwaysNot Available
MetabolismAfter deglycosylation and absorption through the small intestine, the aglycone genistein is carried via the blood to the liver where it is converted into an inactive b-glucuronide. The proportion of aglycone found in blood decreases with time owing to further conjugation: most of the absorbed genistein is found conjugated in plasma. The active form (genistein aglycone) is released by cellular glucuronidases to exerts its biological activities. (PMID: 15540649; 17516857)
BiosynthesisNot Available
Organoleptic Properties
Flavours
FlavorCitations
bitter
  1. Ayana Wiener, Marina Shudler, Anat Levit, Masha Y. Niv. BitterDB: a database of bitter compounds. Nucleic Acids Res 2012, 40(Database issue):D413-419. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkr755
Files
MSDSshow
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
General Reference
  1. McCue P, Shetty K: Health benefits of soy isoflavonoids and strategies for enhancement: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2004;44(5):361-7. Pubmed
  2. Nielsen IL, Williamson G: Review of the factors affecting bioavailability of soy isoflavones in humans. Nutr Cancer. 2007;57(1):1-10. Pubmed
  3. Jung W, Yu O, Lau SM, O’Keefe DP, Odell J, Fader G, McGonigle B: Identification and expression of isoflavone synthase, the key enzyme for biosynthesis of isoflavones in legumes. Nat Biotechnol. 2000 Feb;18(2):208-12. Pubmed
  4. Kochs G, Grisebach H: Enzymic synthesis of isoflavones. Eur J Biochem. 1986 Mar 3;155(2):311-8. Pubmed
Content Reference— U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2008. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page.
— Rothwell JA, Pérez-Jiménez J, Neveu V, Medina-Ramon A, M'Hiri N, Garcia Lobato P, Manach C, Knox K, Eisner R, Wishart D, Scalbert A. (2013) Phenol-Explorer 3.0: a major update of the Phenol-Explorer database to incorporate data on the effects of food processing on polyphenol content. Database, 10.1093/database/bat070.
— Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).
— Shinbo, Y., et al. 'KNApSAcK: a comprehensive species-metabolite relationship database.' Plant Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 165-181.