| Abortifacient | 50691 | An agent that induces abortion, disrupting pregnancy by blocking progesterone or causing uterine contractions. Therapeutically, it's used to terminate early pregnancies, manage ectopic pregnancies, or treat miscarriages. Key medical uses include medical abortion, pregnancy termination, and menstrual regulation. | DUKE |
| Aldose reductase inhibitor | 48550 | An agent that blocks the activity of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. It reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly used in managing diabetic complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. | DUKE |
| Alpha-reductase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, reducing androgenic effects. Therapeutically, it treats conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia, androgenetic alopecia, and acne, by decreasing sebum production and slowing hair loss. | DUKE |
| Anti-aggregant | | An agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots. | DUKE |
| Anti-angiogenic | 48422 | An agent that inhibits the formation of new blood vessels, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment by starving tumors of oxygen and nutrients. Therapeutically, it is used to manage cancer, age-related macular degeneration, and other diseases characterized by excessive angiogenesis, reducing tumor growth and slowing disease progression. | DUKE |
| Anti-atherosclerotic | 38070 | An agent that prevents or slows the formation of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by plaque buildup in arteries. It reduces inflammation, improves lipid profiles, and inhibits platelet aggregation, commonly used to manage cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, and prevent heart attacks and strokes. | DUKE |
| Anti-cancer | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival. | DUKE |
| Anti carcinomic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, playing a crucial role in cancer prevention and treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to manage and treat various types of cancer, reducing tumor size and slowing disease progression, with key medical uses in oncology and chemotherapy. | DUKE |
| Anti climacteric | | An agent that alleviates symptoms of male menopause, including reduced libido and sexual activity, by regulating hormonal imbalances, with therapeutic applications in managing andropause and key medical uses in treating age-related sexual dysfunction. | DUKE |
| Anti endoccytotic | | An agent that inhibits endocytosis, a process by which cells internalize molecules. It plays a biological role in regulating cell signaling and membrane trafficking. Therapeutically, it has applications in treating diseases like cancer and infectious disorders by blocking viral entry. Key medical uses include cancer therapy and antiviral treatment. | DUKE |
| Anti estrogenic | 35222 | An agent that blocks or reduces estrogen's effects, used to treat hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast cancer, and manage conditions like endometriosis and uterine fibroids, by inhibiting estrogen's biological role in promoting cell growth. | DUKE |
| Anti-fertility | | An agent that inhibits reproduction, playing a biological role in population control. Therapeutically, it's used as a contraceptive, with key medical applications in family planning and birth control, preventing unwanted pregnancies and managing reproductive health. | DUKE |
| Anti-hemolytic | 50248 | An agent that prevents or reduces the breakdown of red blood cells, used to treat conditions such as hemolytic anemia, and other disorders where red blood cell destruction occurs, promoting healthy red blood cell count and preventing related complications. | DUKE |
| Anti implantation | | An agent that prevents the adherence of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, playing a biological role in regulating fertility. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent pregnancy, with key medical applications in contraception and family planning. | DUKE |
| Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE |
| Anti-ischemic | 52217 | An agent that reduces or prevents tissue damage from inadequate blood flow, commonly used to manage angina, heart attacks, and strokes by improving oxygen delivery and reducing cardiac workload. | DUKE |
| Anti leukemic | 35610 | An agent that targets and inhibits the growth of leukemia cells, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to induce remission, manage symptoms, and improve survival rates in patients with leukemia. Key medical uses include treating acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, and other hematological malignancies. | DUKE |
| Anti leukotriene | 35222 | An agent that blocks the action of leukotrienes, reducing inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Therapeutically, it is used to treat asthma, allergic rhinitis, and other respiratory disorders by inhibiting the biological role of leukotrienes in mediating inflammatory responses. | DUKE |
| Anti-lymphomic | | An agent that targets and destroys lymphatic cells that form tumors, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, it is used to manage lymphomas, with key medical applications in chemotherapy and immunotherapy to combat blood cell cancers. | DUKE |
| Anti-melanomic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits melanin production, reducing melanoma cell growth. It has therapeutic applications in treating skin cancers, particularly melanoma, and key medical uses include preventing tumor progression and metastasis, as well as managing pigmentation disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti microbial | 33281 | An agent that inhibits the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, playing a crucial role in preventing infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat various infectious diseases, with key medical applications including wound care, respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal infections, ultimately reducing the risk of infection and promoting healing. | DUKE |
| Anti mitogenic | | An agent that inhibits mitosis, or cell division, playing a role in regulating tissue growth. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent excessive cell proliferation, with key medical applications in cancer treatment and management of proliferative disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE |
| Anti neuroblastomic | | An agent that targets and inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma, a malignant tumor composed of neuroblasts, commonly found in the adrenal gland, used therapeutically to treat neuroblastoma, particularly in pediatric cancer patients. | DUKE |
| Anti osteoporotic | 52217 | An agent that prevents or treats osteoporosis by promoting bone density, reducing bone resorption, and increasing calcium absorption, commonly used in managing osteoporosis, osteopenia, and preventing fractures. | DUKE |
| Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE |
| Anti-proliferative | | An agent that inhibits cell growth and division, particularly in cancer cells, preventing tumor expansion. It plays a biological role in regulating cell cycles and has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapy, with key medical uses in managing various types of cancer and other proliferative diseases. | DUKE |
| Anti prostat adenomic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth of prostatic adenoma cells, reducing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms. It helps alleviate urinary obstruction, improving quality of life for patients with enlarged prostates, and is used to treat BPH and prevent related complications. | DUKE |
| Anti-prostatitic | | An agent that relieves prostatitis, reducing inflammation of the prostate gland, and is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. | DUKE |
| Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE |
| Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Anti ulcer | 49201 | An agent that reduces stomach acid and protects the mucous lining, preventing ulcer formation. It is used to treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, promoting healing and relieving symptoms. | DUKE |
| Anti-viral | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of viruses, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating viral infections. Therapeutically, anti-virals are used to manage diseases such as HIV, herpes, and influenza, reducing symptoms and slowing disease progression. Key medical uses include treating viral hepatitis, respiratory syncytial virus, and COVID-19. | DUKE |
| Apoptotic | | An agent that stimulates programmed cell death, playing a crucial biological role in eliminating damaged or unwanted cells. It has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment, and key medical uses include inducing cell death in malignant cells, reducing tumor growth, and enhancing chemotherapy efficacy. | DUKE |
| Aromatase inhibitor | 50790 | An agent that blocks the activity of aromatase, an enzyme converting androgens to estrogens, reducing estrogen levels. Therapeutically, it's used to treat hormone-sensitive breast cancer, endometriosis, and infertility, by decreasing estrogen-dependent growth and symptoms. | DUKE |
| Calcium antagonist | 48706 | A medication that blocks calcium ion entry into cells, reducing muscle contraction and vascular resistance. It treats hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias by dilating blood vessels and decreasing cardiac workload, commonly used in managing cardiovascular diseases. | DUKE |
| Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE |
| Cardioprotective | 38070 | An agent that protects the heart from damage, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It plays a biological role in mitigating cardiac stress and injury, with therapeutic applications in preventing heart attacks, strokes, and arrhythmias, and key medical uses in treating hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE |
| Catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitor | 48406 | An agent that blocks the activity of catechol O-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in breaking down catecholamines. Therapeutically, it increases dopamine levels, commonly used in managing Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety disorders, as well as treating pain and fibromyalgia. | DUKE |
| Cytotoxic | 52209 | An agent that kills or damages cells, playing a biological role in immune responses and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include chemotherapy, targeting and destroying cancer cells, and treating certain autoimmune diseases by eliminating harmful cells. | DUKE |
| DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine, increasing L-DOPA availability for Parkinson's disease treatment, and reducing peripheral side effects. Therapeutically used to enhance levodopa therapy, managing Parkinson's disease symptoms and reducing motor fluctuations. | DUKE |
| Estrogen agonist | 63951 | An agent that mimics the action of estrogen, regulating female reproductive and sexual health. Therapeutically, it's used to manage menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, and certain reproductive disorders, promoting bone density and relieving symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency. | DUKE |
| Estrogenic | | An agent that mimics the effects of estrogen, regulating female reproductive processes and development. Therapeutically, estrogenic agents are used in hormone replacement therapy, contraception, and treating menopausal symptoms, as well as certain cases of osteoporosis and infertility. | DUKE |
| Flatulent | | A substance causing gas accumulation in the alimentary canal. Biologically, it aids in digestion. Therapeutically, it's used to relieve constipation and bloating. Medically, key uses include treating gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and preparing the bowel for surgical procedures or colonoscopies. | DUKE |
| Fungicide | 24127 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage. | DUKE |
| Fungistat | | An agent that inhibits fungal growth, used to prevent fungal infections, commonly applied in therapeutic applications such as treating skin and nail infections, and managing fungal diseases in immunocompromised patients. | DUKE |
| Histidine-kinase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks histidine kinase activity, reducing bacterial signal transduction. Therapeutically, it has antimicrobial applications, commonly used to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, particularly in treating tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. | DUKE |
| Hypocholesterolemic | | An agent that lowers cholesterol levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular disease. Therapeutically, it is used to manage hyperlipidemia and reduce the risk of heart disease, with key medical applications including the treatment of high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. | DUKE |
| Immunostimulant | 50847 | An agent that stimulates the immune system, enhancing its response to infections and diseases. Therapeutically, it boosts the body's natural defenses, commonly used to treat immunodeficiency disorders, prevent infections, and support cancer treatment, as well as manage chronic conditions like hepatitis and HIV. | DUKE |
| Lipase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of lipase, an enzyme that breaks down fats. It reduces fat absorption, commonly used in managing obesity and weight loss, particularly in combination with a low-calorie diet. | DUKE |
| Monoamine-oxidase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks monoamine oxidase enzymes, increasing neurotransmitter levels. Therapeutically, it reduces depression symptoms and is commonly used in managing depression, anxiety disorders, and Parkinson's disease. | DUKE |
| Multidrug resistance inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the efflux pumps in cancer cells, restoring sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs and overcoming drug resistance, commonly used in cancer treatment to enhance efficacy of anticancer medications. | DUKE |
| NADH-ubiquinone-oxidoreductase inhibitor | 50390 | An agent that blocks the activity of NADH-ubiquinone-oxidoreductase, a key enzyme in mitochondrial electron transport. It has therapeutic applications in managing neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases, with key medical uses including anti-cancer and anti-parasitic treatments. | DUKE |
| Natriuretic | | An agent that promotes the excretion of sodium in the urine, aiding in blood pressure regulation and fluid balance. It plays a biological role in managing hypertension and heart failure, with therapeutic applications in treating edema and cardiovascular diseases. Key medical uses include diuretic therapy and management of congestive heart failure. | DUKE |
| Ornithine-decarboxylase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in cell growth and proliferation. It reduces polyamine synthesis, inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat cancer, particularly in combination with other therapies, and has potential applications in managing parasitic infections and skin disorders. | DUKE |
| Peroxidase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of peroxidase enzymes, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Therapeutically, it has applications in managing conditions like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disorders, where oxidative damage plays a key role. | DUKE |
| Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Phytoalexin | 26115 | A plant-derived compound that plays a biological role in defense against pathogens. It has therapeutic applications as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent, with key medical uses in managing infections, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. | DUKE |
| Pituitary sensitizer | | An agent that enhances pituitary gland response, increasing sensitivity to hypothalamic hormones. Therapeutically, it stimulates hormone production, commonly used in treating hypopituitarism, growth hormone deficiency, and certain fertility disorders. | DUKE |
| Protein-tyrosine-kinase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks the activity of protein-tyrosine kinases, enzymes involved in cell signaling and growth. Therapeutically, it reduces abnormal cell proliferation, commonly used in managing cancer, particularly leukemia and solid tumors, by inhibiting tumor growth and angiogenesis. | DUKE |
| Quinone-reductase inducer | | An agent that stimulates quinone reductase enzymatic activity, enhancing cellular antioxidant defenses and protecting against carcinogens, with therapeutic applications in cancer chemoprevention and potential uses in managing oxidative stress-related diseases. | DUKE |
| Topoisomerase-II inhibitor | 50750 | An agent that blocks the activity of topoisomerase-II, an enzyme involved in DNA replication. It prevents cancer cell growth by disrupting DNA structure, commonly used in chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma. | DUKE |
| Topoisomerase-I inhibitor | 50276 | An agent that blocks the activity of topoisomerase I, an enzyme involved in DNA replication. It is used therapeutically in cancer treatment, particularly for solid tumors, by inducing DNA damage and inhibiting cancer cell growth, with key medical uses in colorectal, lung, and breast cancers. | DUKE |
| Topoisomerase-II poison | 50750 | An agent that inhibits topoisomerase-II, an enzyme crucial for DNA replication and cell division, inducing DNA damage and apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Therapeutically, it is used as an anticancer agent, commonly applied in treating various types of leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors. | DUKE |
| Trypanosomastat | | An antiparasitic agent that inhibits the growth of Trypanosoma parasites, used to treat trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and other related diseases, offering therapeutic applications in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor | 23924 | An agent that blocks tyrosine kinase enzymes, reducing cell signaling and proliferation. Therapeutically, it's used to treat cancers, such as leukemia and breast cancer, by inhibiting tumor growth, and also has applications in managing certain autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. | DUKE |
| Utero trophic | 52217 | A hormone that stimulates uterine growth and development, playing a crucial role in pregnancy. Therapeutically, it's used to support embryonic implantation and fetal development, with key medical applications in infertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and recurrent miscarriage prevention. | DUKE |
| VEGF inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that blocks the activity of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), reducing angiogenesis. Therapeutically, it's used to treat cancer, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting tumor growth and abnormal blood vessel formation. | DUKE |
