<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:09:52 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2019-11-26 03:05:37 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB011866</accession>
  <name>Naringin</name>
  <description>obtained from citrus fruits, Clymenia polyandra (clymenia) and Origanum vulgare  (oregano)

Naringin is the major flavonoid glycoside in grapefruit and gives grapefruit juice its bitter taste. It is metabolized to the flavonone naringenin in humans. Both naringin and hesperetin, which are the aglycones of naringin and hesperidin, occur naturally in citrus fruits. Narinigin exerts a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant activity, blood lipid-lowering, anticarcinogenic activity, and inhibition of selected cytochrome P450 enzymes including CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, which may result in several drug interactions in-vitro. Naringin is found in many foods, some of which are fruits, common sage, lime, and citrus.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>4'5-DiOH-flavone-7-rhgluc</synonym>
    <synonym>Aurantiin</synonym>
    <synonym>Isohesperidin</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringenin 7-neohesperidoside</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringenin 7-O-[a-L-rhamnosyl-(1-&gt;2)-b-D-glucoside]</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringenin 7-O-[alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1-&gt;2)-beta-D-glucoside]</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringenin 7-O-[α-L-rhamnosyl-(1-&gt;2)-β-D-glucoside]</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringenin 7-O-a-L-rhamnosyl-(1-&gt;2)-b-D-glucoside</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringenin 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1-&gt;2)-beta-D-glucoside</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringenin 7-O-neohesperidoside</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringenin 7-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1-&gt;2)-β-D-glucoside</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringin</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringin hydrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Naringoside</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C27H32O14</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>580.5346</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>580.179205732</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2S)-7-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>naringin</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>10236-47-2</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>C[C@@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]2OC2=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C[C@H](OC3=C2)C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C27H32O14/c1-10-20(32)22(34)24(36)26(37-10)41-25-23(35)21(33)18(9-28)40-27(25)38-13-6-14(30)19-15(31)8-16(39-17(19)7-13)11-2-4-12(29)5-3-11/h2-7,10,16,18,20-30,32-36H,8-9H2,1H3/t10-,16-,18+,20-,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26-,27+/m0/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>DFPMSGMNTNDNHN-ZPHOTFPESA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonoid-7-o-glycosides. These are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C7-position.</description>
    <direct_parent>Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Phenylpropanoids and polyketides</super_class>
    <class>Flavonoids</class>
    <sub_class>Flavonoid glycosides</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>4'-hydroxyflavonoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>5-hydroxyflavonoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Acetals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alkyl aryl ethers</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Aryl alkyl ketones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzene and substituted derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Chromones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Disaccharides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Flavanones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>O-glycosyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenolic glycosides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Polyols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Primary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Vinylogous acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>4'-hydroxyflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>5-hydroxyflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Acetal</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl aryl ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Aryl alkyl ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Aryl ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Chromane</substituent>
      <substituent>Chromone</substituent>
      <substituent>Disaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>Ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Flavan</substituent>
      <substituent>Flavanone</substituent>
      <substituent>Flavonoid-7-o-glycoside</substituent>
      <substituent>Glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxyflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>O-glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxane</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenolic glycoside</substituent>
      <substituent>Polyol</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Vinylogous acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>dihydroxyflavanone</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>disaccharide derivative</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>flavanones</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>neohesperidoside</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Liquid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.24</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-2.16</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>4.06e+00 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 171° (dihydrate)</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-0.16</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>8.58</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3.6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(2S)-7-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>580.5346</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>580.179205732</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>C[C@@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]2OC2=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C[C@H](OC3=C2)C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C27H32O14</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C27H32O14/c1-10-20(32)22(34)24(36)26(37-10)41-25-23(35)21(33)18(9-28)40-27(25)38-13-6-14(30)19-15(31)8-16(39-17(19)7-13)11-2-4-12(29)5-3-11/h2-7,10,16,18,20-30,32-36H,8-9H2,1H3/t10-,16-,18+,20-,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26-,27+/m0/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>DFPMSGMNTNDNHN-ZPHOTFPESA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>225.06</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>134.3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>56.19</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>14</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>8</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1850</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>26255</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>32215</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38499</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99786</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>282544</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395365</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395366</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395367</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395368</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395369</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395370</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395371</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395372</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395373</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395374</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395375</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395376</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395377</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395378</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395379</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395380</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395381</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395382</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395383</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>395384</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2169</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5804</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285587</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285588</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285589</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285590</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285591</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285592</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>324169</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>324170</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>324171</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>372520</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>372521</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>372522</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373803</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373804</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373805</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373806</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373807</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373808</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>374909</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>440293</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>440294</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>440295</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>440296</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1915</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129078</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129079</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129080</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129081</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129082</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129083</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129084</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129085</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129086</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129087</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129088</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129089</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129090</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129091</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129092</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129093</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129094</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129095</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129096</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129097</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB02927</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>28819</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30b23c58&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30b23960&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30b23550&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30b22ec0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30b22600&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30b22420&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30b221c8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30b21f98&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Beer</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.00075</average_value>
      <max_value>0.00075</max_value>
      <min_value>0.00075</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Citrus</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Common oregano</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Origanum vulgare</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>39352</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Common sage</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Salvia officinalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>38868</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Common thyme</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Thymus vulgaris</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>49992</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Fruit juice</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Fruits</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Grape wine</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.493</average_value>
      <max_value>0.753500015</max_value>
      <min_value>0.232499994</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Grapefruit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus X paradisi</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>37656</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>34.269336</average_value>
      <max_value>37.759999355</max_value>
      <min_value>30.778672656</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Grapefruit/Pummelo hybrid</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus paradisi X Citrus maxima</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>37656</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>45.05</average_value>
      <max_value>45.049999873</max_value>
      <min_value>45.049999873</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Herbs and Spices</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Italian oregano</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Origanum X majoricum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>1384207</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Kumquat</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Fortunella</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>2706</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lemon</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus limon</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>2708</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lime</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus aurantiifolia</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>159033</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus reticulata</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>85571</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pomegranate</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Punica granatum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>22663</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pummelo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus maxima</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>37334</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>8.483333</average_value>
      <max_value>8.48333323</max_value>
      <min_value>8.48333323</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rosemary</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Rosmarinus officinalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>39367</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>55.049999</average_value>
      <max_value>55.049999237</max_value>
      <min_value>55.049999237</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sour orange</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category/>
      <name_scientific>Citrus × aurantium</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sweet orange</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus sinensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>2711</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.023431</average_value>
      <max_value>0.070293477</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
    <flavor>
      <name>bitter</name>
    </flavor>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Aldose reductase inhibitor</name>
      <id>40</id>
      <definition>An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.21).</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti dermatitic</name>
      <id>225</id>
      <definition>A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti neuropathic</name>
      <id>476</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-inflammatory</name>
      <id>370</id>
      <definition>A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-mutagenic</name>
      <id>451</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-oxidant</name>
      <id>502</id>
      <definition>A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-viral</name>
      <id>689</id>
      <definition>A substance that destroys or inhibits replication of viruses.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cancer preventive</name>
      <id>754</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Myorelaxant</name>
      <id>1134</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Name</name>
      <id>936</id>
      <definition>A substance, extract, or preparation for diffusing or imparting an agreeable or attractive smell.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Oviposition stimulant</name>
      <id>1181</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Pesticide</name>
      <id>1210</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.</definition>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
