| Aldose reductase inhibitor | 48550 | An agent that blocks the activity of aldose reductase, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism. It reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, commonly used in managing diabetic complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. | DUKE |
| Allelochemic | | A chemical released by plants that interacts with other organisms, influencing their behavior or growth. Its biological role involves plant defense and communication. Therapeutically, allelochemics have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, with applications in managing anxiety, pain, and infections, as well as potential anticancer uses. | DUKE |
| Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE |
| Anesthetic | | A drug that induces a reversible loss of sensation, used to prevent pain and discomfort during medical procedures, surgeries, and diagnostic tests, promoting patient comfort and facilitating treatment. | DUKE |
| Anti-aggregant | | An agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots. | DUKE |
| Anti-androgenic | 35497 | An agent that blocks the activity of male sex hormones (androgens), reducing their effects on the body. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like prostate cancer, acne, and hirsutism, as well as manage symptoms of androgen-sensitive disorders, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia. | DUKE |
| Anti-brucellosic | 33281 | An agent that treats Brucellosis, a bacterial infection. It targets Brucella species, reducing symptoms and preventing complications. Therapeutically, it's used to manage fever, fatigue, and swelling, commonly in veterinary and human medicine to combat zoonotic diseases. | DUKE |
| Anti-cancer | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells, used to treat and manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient survival. | DUKE |
| Anti diuretic | 52217 | An agent that reduces urine production, regulating water balance in the body. It plays a biological role in conserving water and electrolytes. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions like diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, and SIADH, helping to manage fluid balance and prevent dehydration. | DUKE |
| Anti-edemic | | An agent that relieves or prevents edema, reducing abnormal fluid accumulation in tissues or the circulatory system, commonly used to treat conditions such as swelling, inflammation, and water retention. | DUKE |
| Anti-esherichic | | An agent that counteracts Esherichia (E. coli) bacteria, reducing their harmful effects. It has a biological role in preventing bacterial adhesion and colonization. Therapeutically, it is used to manage urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis, and other E. coli-related infections, promoting a healthy gut microbiome. | DUKE |
| Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE |
| Anti lymphedemic | | An agent that relieves effects of lymphedema, reducing localized fluid retention and tissue swelling by supporting the lymphatic system's function of returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream, commonly used in managing lymphedema and related disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti-melanomic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits melanin production, reducing melanoma cell growth. It has therapeutic applications in treating skin cancers, particularly melanoma, and key medical uses include preventing tumor progression and metastasis, as well as managing pigmentation disorders. | DUKE |
| Anti metastatic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits cancer cell spread, reducing tumor metastasis. It plays a biological role in blocking cell migration and invasion, and has therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. Key medical uses include preventing cancer recurrence and improving survival rates in patients with various types of cancer. | DUKE |
| Anti mitotic | | An agent that inhibits mitosis, or cell division, playing a crucial role in regulating cell growth. Therapeutically, it is used to treat cancer by blocking tumor cell proliferation. Key medical uses include chemotherapy for various cancers, such as breast, lung, and colon cancer, to prevent cancer cell division and growth. | DUKE |
| Anti-mononucleotic | | An agent that reduces monocyte production, playing a role in immune response regulation. Therapeutically, it's used to manage conditions like leukemia and autoimmune diseases, where excessive monocyte activity is harmful. Key medical uses include treating certain blood disorders and inflammatory conditions. | DUKE |
| Anti-mutagenic | | An agent that interferes with the mutagenicity of a substance, preventing DNA damage and mutations. Its biological role is to protect cells from genetic alterations, and it has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as key medical uses in reducing the risk of genetic disorders and birth defects. | DUKE |
| Anti-mycoplasma | | An agent that targets Mycoplasma bacteria, used to treat infections such as pneumonia and respiratory diseases, commonly found in avian and human mycoplasmosis, with therapeutic applications in veterinary and human medicine. | DUKE |
| Anti-psittacotic | | An antibody binding to Chlamydia psittaci specific antigens, used to treat and prevent psittacosis, a zoonotic infectious disease transmitted from birds to humans, reducing symptoms and complications. | DUKE |
| Anti-psoriac | 52217 | An agent that reduces psoriasis symptoms, commonly used in managing plaque psoriasis, scalp psoriasis, and other inflammatory skin conditions, by inhibiting cell growth, reducing inflammation, and modulating the immune system. | DUKE |
| Anti toxoplasmotic | 52217 | An agent that inhibits the growth of Toxoplasma gondii, a parasitic protozoan. It is used therapeutically to treat toxoplasmosis, particularly in immunocompromised patients, and has key medical applications in preventing congenital toxoplasmosis and managing ocular toxoplasmosis. | DUKE |
| Antitumor | 35610 | An agent that inhibits tumor growth and proliferation, playing a crucial role in cancer treatment. Therapeutically, antitumors are used to manage various types of cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, helping to reduce tumor size, prevent metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. | DUKE |
| Bacteristat | 33282 | An agent that inhibits bacterial growth, reducing the proliferation of microorganisms without killing them. Therapeutically, bacteristats are used to treat infections, preventing the spread of bacteria and allowing the host's immune system to clear the infection. Key medical uses include treating urinary tract infections, acne, and other bacterial infections where bactericidal agents may not be necessary. | DUKE |
| Bruchiphobe | | An agent that counteracts Brucella bacteria, reducing infection risk. Therapeutically, it's used to prevent and treat brucellosis, a zoonotic disease. Key medical uses include prophylaxis and treatment of brucellosis in high-risk individuals, such as veterinarians and laboratory workers. | DUKE |
| Cancer preventive | 35610 | An agent that inhibits the development and progression of cancer, reducing tumor formation and growth. It plays a biological role in blocking carcinogenic pathways, and has therapeutic applications in chemoprevention. Key medical uses include reducing the risk of cancer in high-risk individuals and preventing cancer recurrence. | DUKE |
| Carcinogenic | 50903 | An agent that causes cancer, damaging cellular DNA and disrupting normal cell growth. It has no therapeutic applications, but understanding its biological role informs cancer prevention and treatment strategies, with key medical uses in oncology research and risk assessment. | DUKE |
| Cardiodepressant | 38070 | An agent that slows heart rate and reduces cardiac contractility, used to manage conditions like hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias, reducing the heart's workload and oxygen demand. | DUKE |
| Cardiotonic | 38070 | An agent that strengthens heart muscle contractions, enhancing cardiac output. It plays a biological role in regulating heart function and is therapeutically used to treat heart failure, improving symptoms and exercise tolerance. Key medical uses include managing cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure. | DUKE |
| Chemopreventive | 35610 | An agent that prevents or delays the development of cancer, reducing the risk of tumor formation and progression. It plays a biological role in inhibiting carcinogenesis, and has therapeutic applications in cancer prevention, with key medical uses including reducing the risk of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers. | DUKE |
| Diabetic-macular-edema inhibitor | 35222 | An agent that reduces fluid accumulation in the macula, alleviating vision impairment in diabetic patients. It blocks vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity, decreasing inflammation and edema, commonly used to treat diabetic macular edema and other retinal disorders. | DUKE |
| Emetic | | An agent that induces vomiting, playing a biological role in expelling toxins from the body. Therapeutically, it is used to treat poisoning, overdose, or gastrointestinal obstruction. Key medical uses include managing drug toxicity and aiding in stomach pumping procedures. | DUKE |
| Estrogenic | | An agent that mimics the effects of estrogen, regulating female reproductive processes and development. Therapeutically, estrogenic agents are used in hormone replacement therapy, contraception, and treating menopausal symptoms, as well as certain cases of osteoporosis and infertility. | DUKE |
| Fungicide | 24127 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage. | DUKE |
| Hemorrhagic | 50248 | A condition characterized by excessive bleeding, often due to injury or disease. Biologically, it plays a role in wound response and clotting. Therapeutically, hemorrhagic agents are used to induce bleeding for medical procedures. Key medical uses include treating blood clots, stroke, and certain cardiovascular conditions, as well as in surgical procedures to prevent clot formation. | DUKE |
| Hepatotoxic | 50908 | An agent that causes liver damage or toxicity, disrupting normal liver function. It has no therapeutic applications, but is often a side effect of certain medications, such as acetaminophen overdose, and is a key consideration in medical uses, including monitoring liver function during drug therapy. | DUKE |
| Hypnotic | | An agent that induces sleep, used to treat insomnia and facilitate surgical anesthesia, playing a key role in regulating sleep patterns and providing therapeutic relief for sleep disorders. | DUKE |
| Hypoglycemic | 35526 | An agent that lowers blood glucose levels, playing a crucial role in glucose metabolism. Therapeutically, it is used to manage diabetes and insulin resistance, with key medical applications in treating type 1 and 2 diabetes, and preventing diabetic complications. | DUKE |
| Immunostimulant | 50847 | An agent that stimulates the immune system, enhancing its response to infections and diseases. Therapeutically, it boosts the body's natural defenses, commonly used to treat immunodeficiency disorders, prevent infections, and support cancer treatment, as well as manage chronic conditions like hepatitis and HIV. | DUKE |
| Juvabional | | A regulator of insect development, reproduction, and growth, juvenile hormone inhibitor, used in pest control and insecticide development, with potential applications in agriculture and entomology. | DUKE |
| Larvistat | | An insect growth regulator that inhibits larval development, used to control mosquito populations and prevent disease transmission, with key applications in public health and vector control. | DUKE |
| Lymphocytogenic | | An agent that stimulates production of lymphocytes, enhancing immune response. Therapeutically, it promotes lymphocyte growth, aiding in cancer treatment and immune system disorders. Key medical uses include immunotherapy and treating lymphopenia, or low lymphocyte count, to boost the body's natural defense mechanisms. | DUKE |
| Lymphokinetic | | An agent that enhances the flow of lymph, playing a biological role in immune function and waste removal. It has therapeutic applications in reducing swelling and promoting healing, with key medical uses in treating lymphedema, wound care, and post-surgical recovery. | DUKE |
| Narcotic | 35482 | A pain-relieving agent that binds to opioid receptors, reducing pain perception. Therapeutically, narcotics are used to manage moderate to severe pain, cough, and diarrhea. Key medical uses include treating acute and chronic pain, cough suppression, and relieving diarrhea and dyspnea in terminally ill patients. | DUKE |
| Ovicide | | An agent that kills eggs, used as an insecticide to control pest populations by targeting the egg stage, with potential therapeutic applications in managing insect-borne diseases and key medical uses in public health and veterinary medicine. | DUKE |
| Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE |
| Phagocytotic | | An agent that engulfs and internalizes solid particles or cells through phagocytosis, playing a key role in immune defense. Therapeutically, it aids in removing pathogens and debris, with medical applications in treating infections and inflammatory disorders. | DUKE |
| Piscicide | | A substance poisonous to fish, used to eliminate dominant or invasive fish species, and combat parasitic fish, allowing for population control and management of aquatic ecosystems. | DUKE |
| Respirodepressant | | An agent that diminishes ventilation, reducing the movement of air between the environment and lungs. Its therapeutic applications include managing respiratory issues, and key medical uses include treating conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and alleviating symptoms in palliative care. | DUKE |
| Rodenticide | 33288 | An agent that kills rodents, acting as a pesticide to control pest populations. Its biological role is to disrupt normal rodent physiology, often targeting the liver or brain. Therapeutically, rodenticides have limited applications, but are used to manage rodent-borne diseases and protect public health. Key medical uses include preventing the spread of diseases like hantavirus and leptospirosis. | DUKE |
| Sedative | 35717 | An agent that calms nervous activity, reducing anxiety and inducing relaxation. Its biological role is to slow down brain function, promoting sleep and relieving stress. Therapeutically, sedatives are used to manage insomnia, anxiety disorders, and seizures, as well as to prepare patients for medical procedures. | DUKE |
