1.0 2010-04-08 22:10:00 UTC 2025-11-18 23:34:05 UTC FDB012123 (±)-erythro-Isoleucine Flavouring ingredient, dietary supplement, nutrient Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids whose carbon structure is marked by a branch point. These three amino acids are critical to human life and are particularly involved in stress, energy and muscle metabolism. BCAA supplementation as therapy, both oral and intravenous, in human health and disease holds great promise. "BCAA" denotes valine, isoleucine and leucine which are branched chain essential amino acids. Despite their structural similarities, the branched amino acids have different metabolic routes, with valine going solely to carbohydrates, leucine solely to fats and isoleucine to both. The different metabolism accounts for different requirements for these essential amino acids in humans: 12 mg/kg, 14 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg of valine, leucine and isoleucine respectively. Furthermore, these amino acids have different deficiency symptoms. Valine deficiency is marked by neurological defects in the brain, while isoleucine deficiency is marked by muscle tremors. BCAA are decreased in patients with liver disease, such as hepatitis, hepatic coma, cirrhosis, extrahepatic biliary atresia or portacaval shunt; aromatic amino acids (AAA)-tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine, as well as methionine-are increased in these conditions. Valine, in particular, has been established as a useful supplemental therapy to the ailing liver. All the BCAA probably compete with AAA for absorption into the brain. Supplemental BCAA with vitamin B6 and zinc help normalize the BCAA:AAA ratio. The BCAA are not without side effects. Leucine alone, for example, exacerbates pellagra and can cause psychosis in pellagra patients by increasing excretion of niacin in the urine. Leucine may lower brain serotonin and dopamine. A dose of 3 g of isoleucine added to the niacin regime has cleared leucine-aggravated psychosis in schizophrenic patients. Isoleucine may have potential as an antipsychotic treatment. Leucine is more highly concentrated in foods than other amino acids. A cup of milk contains 800 mg of leucine and only 500 mg of isoleucine and valine. A cup of wheat germ has about 1.6 g of leucine and 1 g of isoleucine and valine. The ratio evens out in eggs and cheese. One egg and an ounce of most cheeses each contain about 400 mg of leucine and 400 mg of valine and isoleucine. The ratio of leucine to other BCAA is greatest in pork, where leucine is 7 to 8 g and the other BCAA together are only 3 to 4 g. (http://www.dcnutrition.com) (+/-)-erythro-form (+/-)-isoleucine (±)-Isoleucine FEMA 3295 Isoleucine Isoleucine; (±)-erythro-form C6H13NO2 131.1729 131.094628665 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid L(+)-isoleucine 443-79-8 CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-3-4(2)5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9) AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isoleucine and derivatives. Isoleucine and derivatives are compounds containing isoleucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of isoleucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Isoleucine and derivatives Organic compounds Organic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acids and derivatives Amino acids, peptides, and analogues Aliphatic acyclic compounds Alpha amino acids Amino acids Carbonyl compounds Carboxylic acids Hydrocarbon derivatives Methyl-branched fatty acids Monoalkylamines Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Organic oxides Organopnictogen compounds Aliphatic acyclic compound Alpha-amino acid Amine Amino acid Branched fatty acid Carbonyl group Carboxylic acid Fatty acid Fatty acyl Hydrocarbon derivative Isoleucine or derivatives Methyl-branched fatty acid Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Primary aliphatic amine Primary amine alpha-amino acid branched-chain amino acid logp -1.73 ALOGPS logs -0.06 ALOGPS solubility 1.14e+02 g/l ALOGPS melting_point Mp 275° (sealed tube) logp -1.5 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 2.79 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 9.59 ChemAxon iupac 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid ChemAxon average_mass 131.1729 ChemAxon mono_mass 131.094628665 ChemAxon smiles CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O ChemAxon formula C6H13NO2 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-3-4(2)5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9) ChemAxon inchikey AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 63.32 ChemAxon refractivity 34.09 ChemAxon polarizability 14.19 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 3 ChemAxon acceptor_count 3 ChemAxon donor_count 2 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::CMs 956 Specdb::CMs 1026 Specdb::CMs 23982 Specdb::CMs 43586 Specdb::CMs 125196 Specdb::CMs 126652 Specdb::CMs 155544 Specdb::MsMs 20501 Specdb::MsMs 20502 Specdb::MsMs 20503 Specdb::MsMs 22052 Specdb::MsMs 22053 Specdb::MsMs 22054 Specdb::MsMs 440026 Specdb::MsMs 445206 Specdb::MsMs 445207 Specdb::MsMs 445208 Specdb::MsMs 445209 Specdb::MsMs 447335 Specdb::MsMs 447532 Specdb::MsMs 447533 Specdb::MsMs 447534 Specdb::MsMs 447535 Specdb::MsMs 447536 Specdb::MsMs 447537 Specdb::MsMs 447538 Specdb::MsMs 447539 Specdb::MsMs 447540 Specdb::MsMs 447541 Specdb::MsMs 447542 Specdb::MsMs 447543 Specdb::MsMs 451867 Specdb::NmrOneD 123678 Specdb::NmrOneD 123679 Specdb::NmrOneD 123680 Specdb::NmrOneD 123681 Specdb::NmrOneD 123682 Specdb::NmrOneD 123683 Specdb::NmrOneD 123684 Specdb::NmrOneD 123685 Specdb::NmrOneD 123686 Specdb::NmrOneD 123687 Specdb::NmrOneD 123688 Specdb::NmrOneD 123689 Specdb::NmrOneD 123690 Specdb::NmrOneD 123691 Specdb::NmrOneD 123692 Specdb::NmrOneD 123693 Specdb::NmrOneD 123694 Specdb::NmrOneD 123695 Specdb::NmrOneD 123696 Specdb::NmrOneD 123697 HMDB33923 #<Reference:0x000055ce3265cce0> Adzuki bean Type 1 specific Vigna angularis 3914 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Agar Type 1 specific Eucheuma 31444 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Alfalfa Type 1 specific Medicago sativa 3879 70.0 140.0 0.0 mg/100 g Allium Type 1 specific Allium 4678 60.25 120.0 15.0 mg/100 g Almond Type 1 specific Prunus dulcis 3755 950.0 950.0 950.0 mg/100 g Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 894.285714 1200.0 530.0 mg/100 g Anchovy Type 1 specific Engraulidae 43062 710.0 710.0 710.0 mg/100 g Anguilliformes Type 1 specific Anguilliformes 7933 885.0 960.0 810.0 mg/100 g Apple Type 1 specific Malus pumila 283210 13.6 30.0 2.0 mg/100 g Apricot Type 1 specific Prunus armeniaca 36596 39.333333 79.0 16.0 mg/100 g Arabica coffee Type 1 specific Coffea arabica 13443 27.666667 160.0 0.0 mg/100 g Asparagus Type 1 specific Asparagus officinalis 4686 55.5 69.0 46.0 mg/100 g Atlantic halibut Type 1 specific Hippoglossus hippoglossus 8267 1100.0 1100.0 1100.0 mg/100 g Atlantic wolffish Type 1 specific Anarhichas lupus 8204 770.0 770.0 770.0 mg/100 g Avocado Type 1 specific Persea americana 3435 64.0 64.0 64.0 mg/100 g Baby food Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Bamboo shoots Type 1 specific Phyllostachys edulis 38705 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Barley Type 1 specific Hordeum vulgare 4513 410.0 410.0 410.0 mg/100 g Beer Type 2 specific 7.02875 9.115 4.0 mg/100 g Bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtillus 180763 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Biscuit Type 2 specific 278.333333 350.0 220.0 mg/100 g Black salsify Type 1 specific Scorzonera hispanica 114289 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Black tea Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Black walnut Type 1 specific Juglans nigra 16719 700.0 700.0 700.0 mg/100 g Blackcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes nigrum 78511 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Blue whiting Type 1 specific Micromesistius poutassou 81636 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Brazil nut Type 1 specific Bertholletia excelsa 3645 580.0 580.0 580.0 mg/100 g Breakfast cereal Type 2 specific 173.333333 540.0 0.0 mg/100 g Broccoli Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. italica 36774 75.666667 200.0 0.0 mg/100 g Brussel sprouts Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera 178616 142.5 160.0 110.0 mg/100 g Burbot Type 1 specific Lota lota 69944 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Butter Type 2 specific 14.5 29.0 0.0 mg/100 g Buttermilk Type 2 specific 190.0 190.0 190.0 mg/100 g Carp bream Type 1 specific Abramis brama 38527 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota ssp. sativus 79200 33.666667 53.0 20.0 mg/100 g Casein Type 2 specific 4100.0 4100.0 4100.0 mg/100 g Cashew nut Type 1 specific Anacardium occidentale 171929 725.0 730.0 720.0 mg/100 g Cassava Type 1 specific Manihot esculenta 3983 26.0 26.0 26.0 mg/100 g Catfish Type 1 specific Siluriformes 7995 770.0 770.0 770.0 mg/100 g Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 823.404255 1100.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cauliflower Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. botrytis 3715 68.2 110.0 0.0 mg/100 g Celeriac Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. rapaceum 278110 54.0 54.0 54.0 mg/100 g Celery leaves Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. secalinum 941588 54.0 54.0 54.0 mg/100 g Cetacea (Dolphin, Porpoise, Whale) Type 1 specific Cetacea 9721 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chanterelle Type 1 specific Cantharellus cibarius 36066 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Charr Type 1 specific Salvelinus 8033 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chayote Type 1 specific Sechium edule 184140 45.0 45.0 45.0 mg/100 g Cheese Type 2 specific 1234.333333 2100.0 190.0 mg/100 g Cherimoya Type 1 specific Annona cherimola 49314 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chervil Type 1 specific Anthriscus cerefolium 40888 137.5 180.0 95.0 mg/100 g Chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea 21019 80.0 80.0 80.0 mg/100 g Chewing gum Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 920.0 1400.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chickpea Type 1 specific Cicer arietinum 3827 910.0 910.0 910.0 mg/100 g Chicory Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus 13427 63.5 85.0 42.0 mg/100 g Chinese cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica rapa 3711 70.0 70.0 70.0 mg/100 g Chives Type 1 specific Allium schoenoprasum 74900 92.0 92.0 92.0 mg/100 g Chocolate Type 2 specific 226.0 440.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chocolate spread Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum 13428 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Clawed lobster Type 1 specific Nephropidae 6704 883.333333 910.0 870.0 mg/100 g Clupeinae (Herring, Sardine, Sprat) Type 1 specific Clupeinae 7948 500.0 1100.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cocoa butter Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cocoa powder Type 2 specific 473.333333 680.0 180.0 mg/100 g Coconut Type 1 specific Cocos nucifera 13894 122.5 290.0 0.0 mg/100 g Coffee Type 1 generic Coffea 13442 27.666667 160.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cold cut Type 2 specific 472.5 980.0 0.0 mg/100 g Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 930.0 970.0 890.0 mg/100 g Common bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 305.0 950.0 54.0 mg/100 g Common buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum esculentum 3617 242.5 410.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea 3712 56.333333 180.0 14.0 mg/100 g Common dab Type 1 specific Limanda limanda 27771 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common ling Type 1 specific Molva molva 163112 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common mushroom Type 1 specific Agaricus bisporus 5341 69.0 74.0 64.0 mg/100 g Common octopus Type 1 specific Octopus vulgaris 6645 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common pea Type 1 specific Pisum sativum 3888 330.0 920.0 0.0 mg/100 g Coriander Type 1 specific Coriandrum sativum 4047 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Corn Type 1 specific Zea mays 4577 146.666667 350.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cottonseed Type 1 specific Gossypium 3633 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Crab Type 1 specific Brachyura 6752 1043.333333 1100.0 930.0 mg/100 g Cracker Type 2 specific 400.0 400.0 400.0 mg/100 g Crayfish Type 1 specific Astacidea 6712 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cream Type 2 specific 155.555556 180.0 110.0 mg/100 g Crisp bread Type 2 specific 448.0 570.0 370.0 mg/100 g Cucumber Type 1 specific Cucumis sativus 3659 3.0 18.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cucurbita Type 1 specific Cucurbita 3660 32.25 49.0 14.0 mg/100 g Curry powder Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Daikon radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 41679 10.5 21.0 0.0 mg/100 g Dandelion Type 1 specific Taraxacum officinale 50225 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Date Type 1 specific Phoenix dactylifera 42345 45.0 45.0 45.0 mg/100 g Dill Type 1 specific Anethum graveolens 40922 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 828.839506 1500.0 0.0 mg/100 g Dragée Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Dried milk Type 2 specific 1850.0 2100.0 1600.0 mg/100 g Dumpling Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Eggplant Type 1 specific Solanum melongena 4111 21.0 42.0 0.0 mg/100 g Eggs Unknown generic 1241.538462 4500.0 600.0 mg/100 g Elderberry Type 1 specific Sambucus 4201 22.333333 27.0 20.0 mg/100 g Endive Type 1 specific Cichorium endivia 114280 72.5 73.0 72.0 mg/100 g European plum Type 1 specific Prunus domestica 3758 31.0 47.0 15.0 mg/100 g Fennel Type 1 specific Foeniculum vulgare 48038 340.0 680.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fig Type 1 specific Ficus carica 3494 64.0 100.0 23.0 mg/100 g Fish oil Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Flatfish Type 1 specific Pleuronectiformes 8252 900.0 900.0 900.0 mg/100 g Flaxseed Type 1 specific Linum usitatissimum 4006 600.0 1200.0 0.0 mg/100 g French plantain Type 1 specific Musa X paradisiaca 89151 35.0 35.0 35.0 mg/100 g Fruit gum Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fruit juice Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fruit preserve Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Gadiformes Type 1 specific Gadiformes 8043 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Gadus (Common cod) Type 1 specific Gadus 8048 452.857143 1200.0 0.0 mg/100 g Garden cress Type 1 specific Lepidium sativum 33125 99.0 99.0 99.0 mg/100 g Garden rhubarb Type 1 specific Rheum rhabarbarum 3621 27.0 27.0 27.0 mg/100 g Garden tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum 4081 94.75 340.0 32.0 mg/100 g Garfish Type 1 specific Belone belone 129037 1000.0 1000.0 1000.0 mg/100 g Garlic Type 1 specific Allium sativum 4682 390.0 560.0 220.0 mg/100 g Gelatin Type 2 specific 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 mg/100 g Gelatin dessert Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Ginger Type 1 specific Zingiber officinale 94328 52.0 52.0 52.0 mg/100 g Globe artichoke Type 1 specific Cynara scolymus 59895 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Gooseberry Type 1 specific Ribes uva-crispa 135518 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Grape Type 1 specific Vitis 3603 19.5 67.0 0.0 mg/100 g Grape wine Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Grapefruit Type 1 specific Citrus X paradisi 37656 10.5 16.0 5.0 mg/100 g Green tea Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Greenland halibut/turbot Type 1 specific Reinhardtius hippoglossoides 111784 230.0 690.0 0.0 mg/100 g Groundcherry Type 1 specific Physalis 24663 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Guava Type 1 specific Psidium guajava 120290 33.0 33.0 33.0 mg/100 g Haddock Type 1 specific Melanogrammus aeglefinus 8056 766.666667 1300.0 0.0 mg/100 g Hard wheat Type 1 specific Triticum durum 4567 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Hazelnut Type 1 specific Corylus 13450 730.0 730.0 730.0 mg/100 g Herbal tea Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Horseradish Type 1 specific Armoracia rusticana 3704 86.5 150.0 23.0 mg/100 g Hot chocolate Type 2 specific 212.5 220.0 210.0 mg/100 g Ice cream Type 2 specific 88.0 220.0 0.0 mg/100 g Jerusalem artichoke Type 1 specific Helianthus tuberosus 4233 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Kale Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. pabularia 85.0 99.0 71.0 mg/100 g Kefir Type 2 specific 190.0 190.0 190.0 mg/100 g Ketchup Type 2 specific 36.0 72.0 0.0 mg/100 g Kiwi Type 1 specific Actinidia chinensis 3625 43.0 43.0 43.0 mg/100 g Kohlrabi Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes 109379 79.0 79.0 79.0 mg/100 g Kombu Type 1 specific Saccharina japonica 88149 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Kumquat Type 1 specific Fortunella 2706 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lake trout Type 1 specific Salvelinus namaycush 8040 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lard Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Leavening agent Type 2 specific 882.5 1800.0 0.0 mg/100 g Leek Type 1 specific Allium porrum 59.0 59.0 59.0 mg/100 g Lemon Type 1 specific Citrus limon 2708 4.666667 14.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lemon sole Type 1 specific Microstomus kitt 106175 945.0 990.0 900.0 mg/100 g Lentils Type 1 generic Lens culinaris 3864 357.5 1100.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa 4236 49.5 85.0 21.0 mg/100 g Lichee Type 1 specific Litchi chinensis 151069 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lime Type 1 specific Citrus aurantiifolia 159033 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lingonberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium vitis-idaea 180772 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Liquor Type 2 specific 21.25 170.0 0.0 mg/100 g Liquorice Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Loganberry Type 1 specific Rubus loganobaccus 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Loquat Type 1 specific Eriobotrya japonica 32224 15.0 15.0 15.0 mg/100 g Lumpsucker Type 1 specific Cyclopteridae 8101 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Malus (Crab apple) Type 1 specific Malus 3749 16.0 16.0 16.0 mg/100 g Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine) Type 1 specific Citrus reticulata 85571 16.5 19.0 14.0 mg/100 g Mango Type 1 specific Mangifera indica 29780 18.0 18.0 18.0 mg/100 g Margarine Type 2 specific 33.333333 46.0 0.0 mg/100 g Margarine-like spread Type 2 specific 21.0 21.0 21.0 mg/100 g Marine mussel Type 1 specific Mytilidae 6547 830.0 1100.0 570.0 mg/100 g Marshmallow Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Marzipan Type 2 specific 255.0 510.0 0.0 mg/100 g Meat bouillon Type 2 specific 222.0 880.0 0.0 mg/100 g Meatball Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Meringue Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Milk (Cow) Type 2 specific 175.0 200.0 0.0 mg/100 g Milk (Human) Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Milk (Other mammals) Type 2 specific 210.0 210.0 210.0 mg/100 g Millet Type 1 specific Panicum miliaceum 4540 655.0 840.0 470.0 mg/100 g Miso Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mung bean Type 1 specific Vigna radiata 157791 560.0 990.0 130.0 mg/100 g Muskmelon Type 1 specific Cucumis melo 3656 9.0 21.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mustard Type 2 specific 100.0 200.0 0.0 mg/100 g Nectarine Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. nucipersica 323851 9.0 9.0 9.0 mg/100 g Northern pike Type 1 specific Esox lucius 8010 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Norway haddock Type 1 specific Sebastes viviparus 394708 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Norway lobster Type 1 specific Nephrops norvegicus 6829 910.0 910.0 910.0 mg/100 g Norway pout Type 1 specific Trisopterus esmarkii 80723 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Nutmeg Type 1 specific Myristica fragrans 51089 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Oat Type 1 specific Avena sativa 4498 425.0 570.0 0.0 mg/100 g Oil palm Type 1 specific Elaeis 51952 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Okra Type 1 specific Abelmoschus esculentus 455045 70.0 70.0 70.0 mg/100 g Olive Type 1 specific Olea europaea 4146 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other alcoholic beverage Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other animal fat Type 2 specific 120.0 240.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other bread Type 2 specific 35.555556 320.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other bread product Type 2 specific 235.0 470.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other candy Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other dish Type 2 specific 446.666667 480.0 420.0 mg/100 g Other fermented milk Type 2 specific 195.0 200.0 190.0 mg/100 g Other fish product Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other frozen dessert Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other fruit product Type 2 specific 78.0 78.0 78.0 mg/100 g Other snack food Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Oyster mushroom Type 1 specific Pleurotus ostreatus 5322 360.0 360.0 360.0 mg/100 g Pacific ocean perch Type 1 specific Sebastes alutus 72055 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pak choy Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. chinensis 93385 84.0 84.0 84.0 mg/100 g Papaya Type 1 specific Carica papaya 3649 9.0 9.0 9.0 mg/100 g Parsley Type 1 specific Petroselinum crispum 4043 110.0 150.0 70.0 mg/100 g Parsnip Type 1 specific Pastinaca sativa 4041 71.0 71.0 71.0 mg/100 g Passion fruit Type 1 specific Passiflora edulis 78168 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pasta Type 2 specific 463.333333 600.0 230.0 mg/100 g Pastry Type 2 specific 110.0 290.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pate Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Peach Type 1 specific Prunus persica 3760 34.0 77.0 8.0 mg/100 g Peanut Type 1 specific Arachis hypogaea 3818 815.0 1200.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pear Type 1 specific Pyrus communis 23211 12.5 13.0 12.0 mg/100 g Pecan nut Type 1 specific Carya illinoinensis 32201 333.333333 340.0 330.0 mg/100 g Pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 32.0 64.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pepper (Spice) Type 1 specific Piper nigrum 13216 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Perciformes Type 1 specific Perciformes 8111 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros 13492 30.0 30.0 30.0 mg/100 g Pikeperch Type 1 specific Sander lucioperca 283035 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pine nut Type 1 specific Pinus 3337 540.0 540.0 540.0 mg/100 g Pineapple Type 1 specific Ananas comosus 4615 2.25 9.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pistachio Type 1 specific Pistacia vera 55513 910.0 930.0 890.0 mg/100 g Pizza Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pleuronectidae (Dab, Halibut, Plaice) Type 1 specific Pleuronectidae 8256 280.0 840.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pollock Type 1 specific Pollachius 8059 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pomegranate Type 1 specific Punica granatum 22663 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Poppy Type 1 specific Papaver 3468 900.0 900.0 900.0 mg/100 g Potato Type 1 specific Solanum tuberosum 4113 152.5 400.0 0.0 mg/100 g Prickly pear Type 1 specific Opuntia 106975 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Prunus (Cherry, Plum) Type 1 specific Prunus 3754 15.0 24.0 9.0 mg/100 g Quince Type 1 specific Cydonia oblonga 36610 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 1200.0 1200.0 1200.0 mg/100 g Rainbow trout Type 1 specific Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rape Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. napus 138011 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Red beetroot Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris var. rubra 23.0 32.0 18.0 mg/100 g Red tea Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Redcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes rubrum 175228 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Remoulade Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rice Type 1 specific Oryza sativa 4530 290.625 580.0 0.0 mg/100 g Robusta coffee Type 1 specific Coffea canephora 49390 27.666667 160.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rose hip Type 1 specific Rosa 3764 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry) Type 1 specific Rubus 23216 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rye Type 1 specific Secale cereale 4550 222.0 400.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rye bread Type 2 specific 59.411765 320.0 0.0 mg/100 g Safflower Type 1 specific Carthamus tinctorius 4222 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Salad dressing Type 2 specific 26.166667 250.0 0.0 mg/100 g Salmonidae (Salmon, Trout) Type 1 specific Salmonidae 8015 858.0 1100.0 0.0 mg/100 g Salt Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sauce Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sausage Type 2 specific 494.705882 970.0 0.0 mg/100 g Savoy cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. sabauda 1216010 100.0 100.0 100.0 mg/100 g Scombridae (Bonito, Mackerel, Tuna) Type 1 specific Scombridae 8224 870.0 950.0 690.0 mg/100 g Semolina Type 2 specific 390.0 390.0 390.0 mg/100 g Sesame Type 1 specific Sesamum orientale 4182 616.666667 950.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 813.333333 1000.0 540.0 mg/100 g Sherry Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Shrimp Type 1 specific Caridea 6694 1020.0 1300.0 870.0 mg/100 g Snail Type 1 specific Gastropoda 6448 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soft drink Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sorrel Type 1 specific Rumex acetosa 41241 51.0 51.0 51.0 mg/100 g Soup Type 2 specific 47.0 47.0 47.0 mg/100 g Soy bean Type 1 specific Glycine max 3847 625.5 1800.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soy milk Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soy sauce Type 2 specific 300.0 300.0 300.0 mg/100 g Spinach Type 1 specific Spinacia oleracea 3562 75.5 84.0 67.0 mg/100 g Spiny dogfish Type 1 specific Squalus acanthias 7797 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Spirit Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Star fruit Type 1 specific Averrhoa carambola 28974 45.0 45.0 45.0 mg/100 g Strawberry Type 1 specific Fragaria X ananassa 3747 17.5 25.0 11.0 mg/100 g Sturgeon Type 1 specific Acipenseridae 7900 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sugar Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sugar substitute Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sunflower Type 1 specific Helianthus annuus 4232 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Swede Type 1 specific Brassica napus 3708 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet orange Type 1 specific Citrus sinensis 2711 11.333333 18.0 6.0 mg/100 g Sweet potato Type 1 specific Ipomoea batatas 4120 58.0 71.0 46.0 mg/100 g Swiss chard Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla 1527200 150.0 150.0 150.0 mg/100 g Syrup Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Tallow Type 2 specific 693.333333 1000.0 150.0 mg/100 g Tamarind Type 1 specific Tamarindus indica 58860 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Tea Type 1 specific Camellia sinensis 4442 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Thistle Type 1 specific Cirsium 41549 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Thunnus Type 1 specific Thunnus 8234 1260.0 1500.0 940.0 mg/100 g Toffee Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Tofu Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g True frog Type 1 specific Ranidae 8397 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g True seal Type 1 specific Phocidae 9709 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Turbot Type 1 specific Scophthalmus maximus 52904 760.0 760.0 760.0 mg/100 g Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 472.5 980.0 0.0 mg/100 g Turnip Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. rapa 51350 15.0 15.0 15.0 mg/100 g Unclassified food or beverage Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Vaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry) Type 1 specific Vaccinium 13749 23.0 33.0 13.0 mg/100 g Vegetable juice Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Vermouth Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Walnut Type 1 specific Juglans 16718 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Water Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Watercress Type 1 specific Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum 135518 68.0 68.0 68.0 mg/100 g Watermelon Type 1 specific Citrullus lanatus 3654 24.0 24.0 24.0 mg/100 g Wheat Type 1 specific Triticum 4564 451.428571 1000.0 0.0 mg/100 g Wheat bread Type 2 specific 193.157895 430.0 0.0 mg/100 g Whey Type 2 specific 525.666667 820.0 47.0 mg/100 g Whisky Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g White bread Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Whitefish Type 1 specific Coregonus 27772 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Whiting Type 1 specific Merlangius merlangus 8058 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Wild celery Type 1 specific Apium graveolens 4045 23.0 23.0 23.0 mg/100 g Yam Type 1 specific Dioscorea 4672 51.0 51.0 51.0 mg/100 g Ymer Type 2 specific 355.0 360.0 350.0 mg/100 g Yogurt Type 2 specific 145.7 200.0 0.0 mg/100 g odorless