Record Information |
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Version | 1.0 |
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Creation date | 2010-04-08 22:10:13 UTC |
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Update date | 2024-11-29 22:27:57 UTC |
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Primary ID | FDB012535 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Chemical Information |
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FooDB Name | L-Glutamic acid |
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Description | L-glutamic acid (abbreviated Glu or E), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is a non-essential amino acid, one of the 20 amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. L-glutamic acid exists in all living species, from bacteria to humans. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is a component amino acid in many protein rich foods including the gluten protein in flour and is found as a free acid in cheeses and soya sauce. It is used as a flavor enhancer as a sodium salt known as monosodium glutamate. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the N-methyl-d-aspartate acid (NMDA) receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, glutamate can accumulate outside cells, causing glutamate excitotoxicity. Excitotoxicity occurs when neurons are exposed to high levels of glutamate or other neurotransmitters, causing persistent activation of the and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels. This results in a lethal influx of extracellular calcium leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death. Cell death arises from damage to mitochondria by the excessively high intracellular calcium, which open mitochondrial pores, causing mitochondria to swell. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may also be released by mitochondria into the intracellular space. Excess glutamate and calcium trigger apoptosis by further activating transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulating transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Glutamate excitotoxicity causes other health consequences. In ischemic stroke and brain trauma, the severely reduced blood supply leads to flooding of glutamate and aspartate into the extra-neuronal space ( PMID: 16314180). Glutamate excitotoxicity is associated with diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease (PMID: 20229265) and in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart which is like a paroxysmal depolarizing shift seen in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. Moreover, glutamic acid is associated with N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. |
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CAS Number | 56-86-0 |
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Structure | |
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Synonyms | Synonym | Source |
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(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid | ChEBI | (S)-Glutamic acid | ChEBI | Acide glutamique | ChEBI | Acido glutamico | ChEBI | Acidum glutamicum | ChEBI | E | ChEBI | Glu | ChEBI | Glutamate | ChEBI | GLUTAMIC ACID | ChEBI | L-Glu | ChEBI | L-Glutaminic acid | ChEBI | L-Glutaminsaeure | ChEBI | (S)-2-Aminopentanedioate | Generator | (S)-Glutamate | Generator | L-Glutaminate | Generator | L-Glutamate | Generator | D-Glutamate | MeSH | L Glutamate | MeSH | L Glutamic acid | MeSH | Aluminum L glutamate | MeSH | Aluminum L-glutamate | MeSH | Potassium glutamate | MeSH | D Glutamate | MeSH | Glutamate, potassium | MeSH | Glutamic acid, (D)-isomer | MeSH | L-Glutamate, aluminum | MeSH | (2S)-2-Aminopentanedioate | HMDB | (2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid | HMDB | (S)-(+)-Glutamate | HMDB | (S)-(+)-Glutamic acid | HMDB | 1-amino-Propane-1,3-dicarboxylate | HMDB | 1-amino-Propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid | HMDB | 1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylate | HMDB | 1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid | HMDB | 2-Aminoglutarate | HMDB | 2-Aminoglutaric acid | HMDB | 2-Aminopentanedioate | HMDB | 2-Aminopentanedioic acid | HMDB | a-Aminoglutarate | HMDB | a-Aminoglutaric acid | HMDB | a-Glutamate | HMDB | a-Glutamic acid | HMDB | Aciglut | HMDB | alpha-Aminoglutarate | HMDB | alpha-Aminoglutaric acid | HMDB | alpha-Glutamate | HMDB | alpha-Glutamic acid | HMDB | Aminoglutarate | HMDB | Aminoglutaric acid | HMDB | Glt | HMDB | Glusate | HMDB | Glut | HMDB | Glutacid | HMDB | Glutamicol | HMDB | Glutamidex | HMDB | Glutaminate | HMDB | Glutaminic acid | HMDB | Glutaminol | HMDB | Glutaton | HMDB | L-(+)-Glutamate | HMDB | L-(+)-Glutamic acid | HMDB | L-a-Aminoglutarate | HMDB | L-a-Aminoglutaric acid | HMDB | L-alpha-Aminoglutarate | HMDB | L-alpha-Aminoglutaric acid | HMDB | 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose | HMDB | D-GlcNAc | HMDB | N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine | HMDB | N-Acetylchitosamine | HMDB | N Acetyl D glucosamine | HMDB | 2 Acetamido 2 deoxy D glucose | HMDB | 2 Acetamido 2 deoxyglucose | HMDB | 2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucose | HMDB | Acetylglucosamine | HMDB | 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oylglycine | HMDB | N-[(3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycine | HMDB | N-Choloylglycine | HMDB | 3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oylglycine | HMDB | 3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oylglycine | HMDB | N-[(3a,5b,7a,12a)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycine | HMDB | N-[(3Α,5β,7α,12α)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycine | HMDB | Glycocholate | HMDB | Glycine cholate | HMDB | Glycocholic acid, sodium salt | HMDB | Cholylglycine | HMDB | Glycocholate sodium | HMDB | 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid-24-glycine | HMDB | 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-N-(carboxymethyl)-5beta-cholan-24-amide | HMDB | 3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid-24-glycine | HMDB | 3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-N-(carboxymethyl)-5β-cholan-24-amide | HMDB | Glycoreductodehydrocholic acid | HMDB | Glycylcholate | HMDB | Glycylcholic acid | HMDB | N-(Carboxymethyl)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-amide | HMDB | N-(Carboxymethyl)-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amide | HMDB | N-Choloyl-glycine | HMDB | 3-Hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one | HMDB | Follicular hormone | HMDB | Folliculin | HMDB | Oestrone | HMDB | (+)-Estrone | HMDB | 1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-3-ol-17-one | HMDB | 3-Hydroxy-17-keto-estra-1,3,5-triene | HMDB | 3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one | HMDB | 3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-17-one | HMDB | 3-Hydroxyoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one | HMDB | D1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-3-ol-17-one | HMDB | Estrone, (+-)-isomer | HMDB | Hyrex brand OF estrone | HMDB | Estrone, (9 beta)-isomer | HMDB | Estrovarin | HMDB | Kestrone | HMDB | Wehgen | HMDB | Estrone, (8 alpha)-isomer | HMDB | Hauck brand OF estrone | HMDB | Unigen | HMDB | Vortech brand OF estrone | HMDB | alpha,beta-Hydroxypropionic acid | HMDB | D-GroA | HMDB | R-Glyceric acid | HMDB | Glycerate | HMDB | (R)-Glycerate | HMDB | a,b-Hydroxypropionate | HMDB | a,b-Hydroxypropionic acid | HMDB | alpha,beta-Hydroxypropionate | HMDB | Α,β-hydroxypropionate | HMDB | Α,β-hydroxypropionic acid | HMDB | R-Glycerate | HMDB | (R)-Glyceric acid | HMDB | D-Glycerate | HMDB | D-Glyceric acid | HMDB | (2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid | HMDB | (R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid | HMDB | D-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid | HMDB | 1-Amino-2-hydroxyethane | HMDB | 2-Amino-1-ethanol | HMDB | 2-Amino-ethanol | HMDB | 2-Aminoethan-1-ol | HMDB | 2-Aminoethyl alcohol | HMDB | 2-Hydroxyethylamine | HMDB | Aethanolamin | HMDB | Aminoethanol | HMDB | beta-Aminoethanol | HMDB | beta-Aminoethyl alcohol | HMDB | beta-Ethanolamine | HMDB | beta-Hydroxyethylamine | HMDB | Colamine | HMDB | ETA | HMDB | Glycinol | HMDB | Hea | HMDB | MEA | HMDB | MONOETHANOLAMINE | HMDB | b-Aminoethanol | HMDB | Β-aminoethanol | HMDB | b-Aminoethyl alcohol | HMDB | Β-aminoethyl alcohol | HMDB | b-Ethanolamine | HMDB | Β-ethanolamine | HMDB | b-Hydroxyethylamine | HMDB | Β-hydroxyethylamine | HMDB | 2-Aminoethanol | HMDB | 2-Ethanolamine | HMDB | 2-Hydroxyethanamine | HMDB | Envision conditioner PDD 9020 | HMDB | Ethylolamine | HMDB | H-Glycinol | HMDB | Monoaethanolamin | HMDB | Olamine | HMDB | 2 Aminoethanol | HMDB | (3R,4S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-Carboxy-2,2-difluoro-1-(phosphonooxy)ethoxy]-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate | HMDB | (1S)-2-[(3-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoate | HMDB | (1S)-2-[(3-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid | HMDB | (1S)-2-[(3-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid | HMDB | (1S)-2-[(3-O-Β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoate | HMDB | (1S)-2-[(3-O-Β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acid | HMDB | α-aminoglutaric acid, (S)- | biospider | α-glutamic acid, (S)- | biospider | 2-Aminoglutaric acid, (S)- | biospider | a-aminoglutaric acid, (S)- | biospider | a-glutamic acid, (S)- | biospider | Alpha-aminoglutarate, (S)- | biospider | Alpha-aminoglutaric acid, (S)- | biospider | Alpha-glutamate, (S)- | biospider | Alpha-glutamic acid, (S)- | biospider | Glutamic acid; L-form | db_source | L (+)-glutamic acid, alpha-form | biospider | L-glutamic acid | manual | S-1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylate | biospider |
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Predicted Properties | |
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Chemical Formula | C5H9NO4 |
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IUPAC name | (2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N |
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Isomeric SMILES | N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O |
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Average Molecular Weight | 147.1293 |
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Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 147.053157781 |
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Classification |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. Glutamic acid and derivatives are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Glutamic acid and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Glutamic acid or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid
- L-alpha-amino acid
- Amino fatty acid
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Fatty acid
- Fatty acyl
- Amino acid
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic oxide
- Primary amine
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Organopnictogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxygen compound
- Amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Ontology |
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Physiological effect | Health effect: |
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Disposition | Route of exposure: Source: Biological location: |
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Role | Biological role: Industrial application: |
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Physico-Chemical Properties |
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Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental | Property | Value | Reference |
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Physical state | Solid | |
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Physical Description | Not Available | |
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Mass Composition | C 40.82%; H 6.17%; N 9.52%; O 43.50% | DFC |
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Melting Point | Mp 224-225 (211-213°, 247-249°)° dec. | DFC |
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Boiling Point | Not Available | |
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Experimental Water Solubility | 8.57 mg/mL at 25 oC | BULL,HB et al. (1978) |
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Experimental logP | -3.69 | HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) |
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Experimental pKa | pKa3 9.6 (25°,NH2) | DFC |
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Isoelectric point | Not Available | |
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Charge | Not Available | |
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Optical Rotation | [a]25D +46.8 (c, 2 in 5M HCl) | DFC |
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Spectroscopic UV Data | Not Available | |
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Density | Not Available | |
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Refractive Index | Not Available | |
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Spectra |
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Spectra | |
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EI-MS/GC-MS | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0002-2950000000-2d6edc93ec5f8dee2223 | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-002b-0940000000-4e285988bc537825d94d | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00dj-9630000000-1ecc76aab86283892139 | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, 2 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-001i-8910000000-00f65ced0c55aa4ad169 | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0032-3980000000-3069de5b6c49e4176968 | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0002-0790000000-79d3e289c22cb183faa1 | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0002-2950000000-2d6edc93ec5f8dee2223 | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-002b-0940000000-4e285988bc537825d94d | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00ea-6932100000-30d3f5dcc198a5971e96 | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-00dj-9630000000-1ecc76aab86283892139 | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-001i-8910000000-00f65ced0c55aa4ad169 | Spectrum | GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum | splash10-0032-3980000000-3069de5b6c49e4176968 | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0znc-9300000000-f88e86b78a4cee99a2d4 | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, 2 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00di-8290000000-f99e03763f636e557887 | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, TMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, TMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, TMS_2_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, TMS_2_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, TMS_2_4, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | L-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_2_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | Spectrum |
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MS/MS | Type | Description | Splash Key | View |
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MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-003r-6900000000-95b0a084dc076f9c7b91 | 2012-07-24 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-001i-9000000000-c37d4c80a14ec029ef63 | 2012-07-24 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated) | splash10-0a59-9000000000-6f1888aa71bcb0adf76c | 2012-07-24 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-004j-0900000000-5fa8a338dcd2f2a6bdd2 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-004i-0900000000-16763200aa07f7629ad4 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-03di-3900000000-d9cfc5187aa799f6f978 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-0a4i-0900000000-10ee9a593e13550bec1c | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-0002-0900000000-4d045a3c1fc6e56f801b | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-c3c7f8f3754109a0c25b | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-004i-0900000000-48bfae26c69408b7f0ae | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive | splash10-0002-0900000000-82c2a681e7522a7bb1d1 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-0002-0905010000-af1c9ec4d0062fa6960e | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-01q9-9700000000-2b967b896a6e48914512 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-004i-0900000000-1434321646181ea894a0 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-00di-0900000000-11fadb2530828eedad8a | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-006t-0941100000-07d051890cb1d9e5c856 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-004i-9200000000-f8619d11f1f54d836bb1 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-004i-0900000000-ea2dd00e79ef06e8dc04 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative | splash10-00di-0900000000-3e239d4014c95a2ef873 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative | splash10-0002-0900000000-b548959edce39d319cf4 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative | splash10-0udi-0900000000-40d901f655797db2cd0f | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative | splash10-0udi-1900000000-f997527a39900ac431c7 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative | splash10-0udi-7900000000-60816f0601a4e6d25ffb | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative | splash10-0007-9000000000-6ee821f657c604d1afca | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum | MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive | splash10-000t-0900000000-7c02624abe56da9247a2 | 2012-08-31 | View Spectrum |
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NMR | Type | Description | | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental) | | Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | | Spectrum |
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External Links |
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ChemSpider ID | 30572 |
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ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL575060 |
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KEGG Compound ID | C00025 |
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Pubchem Compound ID | 33032 |
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Pubchem Substance ID | Not Available |
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ChEBI ID | 16015 |
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Phenol-Explorer ID | Not Available |
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DrugBank ID | DB00142 |
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HMDB ID | HMDB00148 |
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CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID | HHT64-G:HHT63-F |
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EAFUS ID | 1507 |
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Dr. Duke ID | GLUTAMINIC-ACID|L-GLUTAMIC-ACID|GLUTAMIC-ACID|GLUTAMIC-ACID(FREE) |
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BIGG ID | 33561 |
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KNApSAcK ID | C00001358 |
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HET ID | GGL |
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Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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VMH ID | Not Available |
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Flavornet ID | Not Available |
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GoodScent ID | rw1025121 |
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SuperScent ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia ID | Glutamic_acid |
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Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID | Not Available |
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Duplicate IDS | Not Available |
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Old DFC IDS | Not Available |
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Associated Foods |
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Food | Content Range | Average | Reference |
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Food | | | Reference |
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Biological Effects and Interactions |
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Health Effects / Bioactivities | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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Anti alkali | | An agent that neutralizes alkalinity, reducing pH levels. It plays a biological role in maintaining acid-base balance. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like acid reflux and heartburn. Key medical uses include neutralizing alkaline poisons and managing alkalosis, a condition where the body's pH becomes too alkaline. | DUKE | Anti epileptic | 52217 | An agent that reduces seizure frequency and severity, commonly used in managing epilepsy, seizure disorders, and neuropathic pain. It stabilizes neuronal membranes, modulates neurotransmitter release, and inhibits abnormal electrical activity in the brain, providing therapeutic relief from convulsions and seizures. | DUKE | Anti hyperammonemic | | An agent that lowers or controls ammonia levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in treating hyperammonemia. Therapeutically, it helps manage ammonia buildup, commonly used in urea cycle disorders, liver disease, and certain medications' side effects, to prevent neurological damage and other complications. | DUKE | Anti-lithic | | An agent that prevents the formation of calculi (kidney stones) or promotes their dissolution, playing a key role in urology. Its therapeutic applications include managing kidney stone disease, nephrolithiasis, and urinary tract disorders, helping to alleviate pain and prevent complications. | DUKE | Anti-prostatitic | | An agent that relieves prostatitis, reducing inflammation of the prostate gland, and is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. | DUKE | Anti-retardation | | An agent that enhances cognitive function and development, countering mental retardation. Its biological role involves promoting neural growth and synaptic plasticity. Therapeutically, it's used to manage intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and neurodegenerative disorders, improving overall mental performance and quality of life. | DUKE | Anxiolytic | 35474 | An agent that reduces anxiety symptoms, commonly used in managing anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, by modulating neurotransmitters like GABA, promoting relaxation and calming effects. | DUKE | Neurotoxic | 50910 | A substance that damages or destroys nerve cells, disrupting normal brain function. It has no therapeutic applications, but is used in research to study neurodegenerative diseases. Key medical uses include understanding and developing treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, where neurotoxicity plays a role. | DUKE | Neurotransmitter | 25512 | A chemical messenger that transmits signals between neurons, regulating various physiological and psychological processes. Therapeutically, neurotransmitter modulators are used to treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease, by altering neurotransmitter levels or activity to restore balance and alleviate symptoms. | CHEBI |
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Enzymes | Name | Gene Name | UniProt ID |
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Tyrosine aminotransferase | TAT | P17735 | Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic | GOT1 | P17174 | Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial | GOT2 | P00505 | Aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthase | AASS | A4D0W4 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic | BCAT1 | P54687 | Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial | BCAT2 | O15382 | Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial | AGXT2 | Q9BYV1 | Glutathione synthetase | GSS | P48637 | Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3 | CCBL2 | Q6YP21 | Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial | OAT | P04181 | 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial | ABAT | P80404 | Alanine aminotransferase 1 | GPT | P24298 | Alanine aminotransferase 2 | GPT2 | Q8TD30 | Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit | GCLC | P48506 | Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase | EPRS | P07814 | Phosphoserine aminotransferase | PSAT1 | Q9Y617 | Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] | ASNS | P08243 | Putative aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic 2 | GOT1L1 | Q8NHS2 | Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 | GGT1 | P19440 | Gamma-glutamyltransferase 7 | GGT7 | Q9UJ14 | Gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 | GGT6 | Q6P531 | Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 | GGT5 | P36269 | Glutamate decarboxylase 2 | GAD2 | Q05329 | Glutamate decarboxylase 1 | GAD1 | Q99259 | Arginine decarboxylase | ADC | Q96A70 | Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrial | AADAT | Q8N5Z0 | Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1 | CCBL1 | Q16773 | Glutamyl aminopeptidase | ENPEP | Q07075 | Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase | ALDH18A1 | P54886 | Glutamine synthetase | GLUL | P15104 | Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial | GLS2 | Q9UI32 | Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial | GLS | O94925 | Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminase | FTCD | O95954 | CTP synthase 2 | CTPS2 | Q9NRF8 | Probable glutamate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial | EARS2 | Q5JPH6 | Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2 | GFPT2 | O94808 | Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1 | GFPT1 | Q06210 | Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase | PFAS | O15067 | Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrial | PET112 | O75879 | Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit A, mitochondrial | QRSL1 | Q9H0R6 | Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit | GCLM | P48507 | N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrial | NAGS | Q8N159 | Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial | FPGS | Q05932 | 5-oxoprolinase | OPLAH | O14841 | Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1 | GRIK1 | P39086 | Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3 | GRIK3 | Q13003 | Glutamate receptor 1 | GRIA1 | P42261 | Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2 | SLC25A18 | Q9H1K4 | Lengsin | LGSN | Q5TDP6 | Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1 | SLC25A22 | Q9H936 | Aspartate aminotransferase | GIG18 | Q2TU84 | Aspartyl aminopeptidase | DNPEP | Q9ULA0 |
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Pathways | |
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Metabolism | Not Available |
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Biosynthesis | Not Available |
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Organoleptic Properties |
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Flavours | Flavor | Citations |
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mild |
- The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
| yeast |
- The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
| baked |
- The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
| bread |
- The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
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Files |
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MSDS | show |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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General Reference | Not Available |
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Content Reference | — Saxholt, E., et al. 'Danish food composition databank, revision 7.' Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (2008). — U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2008. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page. — Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004). — Shinbo, Y., et al. 'KNApSAcK: a comprehensive species-metabolite relationship database.' Plant Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 165-181.
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