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Showing Compound L-Glutamic acid (FDB012535)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation date2010-04-08 22:10:13 UTC
Update date2024-11-29 22:27:57 UTC
Primary IDFDB012535
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • FDB030962
Chemical Information
FooDB NameL-Glutamic acid
DescriptionL-glutamic acid (abbreviated Glu or E), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is a non-essential amino acid, one of the 20 amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. L-glutamic acid exists in all living species, from bacteria to humans. In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serves as metabolic fuel or other functional roles in the body. Glutamate is a component amino acid in many protein rich foods including the gluten protein in flour and is found as a free acid in cheeses and soya sauce. It is used as a flavor enhancer as a sodium salt known as monosodium glutamate. Glutamate is a key molecule in cellular metabolism. Glutamate is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles. Nerve impulses trigger release of glutamate from the pre-synaptic cell. In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the N-methyl-d-aspartate acid (NMDA) receptor, bind glutamate and are activated. Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, it is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain. Glutamate transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes. They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space. In brain injury or disease, glutamate can accumulate outside cells, causing glutamate excitotoxicity. Excitotoxicity occurs when neurons are exposed to high levels of glutamate or other neurotransmitters, causing persistent activation of the and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels. This results in a lethal influx of extracellular calcium leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death. Cell death arises from damage to mitochondria by the excessively high intracellular calcium, which open mitochondrial pores, causing mitochondria to swell. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may also be released by mitochondria into the intracellular space. Excess glutamate and calcium trigger apoptosis by further activating transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulating transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes. Glutamate excitotoxicity causes other health consequences. In ischemic stroke and brain trauma, the severely reduced blood supply leads to flooding of glutamate and aspartate into the extra-neuronal space ( PMID: 16314180). Glutamate excitotoxicity is associated with diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease (PMID: 20229265) and in epileptic seizures. Microinjection of glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart which is like a paroxysmal depolarizing shift seen in epileptic attacks. This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to glutamic acid release and further depolarization. Moreover, glutamic acid is associated with N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.
CAS Number56-86-0
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms
SynonymSource
(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acidChEBI
(S)-Glutamic acidChEBI
Acide glutamiqueChEBI
Acido glutamicoChEBI
Acidum glutamicumChEBI
EChEBI
GluChEBI
GlutamateChEBI
GLUTAMIC ACIDChEBI
L-GluChEBI
L-Glutaminic acidChEBI
L-GlutaminsaeureChEBI
(S)-2-AminopentanedioateGenerator
(S)-GlutamateGenerator
L-GlutaminateGenerator
L-GlutamateGenerator
D-GlutamateMeSH
L GlutamateMeSH
L Glutamic acidMeSH
Aluminum L glutamateMeSH
Aluminum L-glutamateMeSH
Potassium glutamateMeSH
D GlutamateMeSH
Glutamate, potassiumMeSH
Glutamic acid, (D)-isomerMeSH
L-Glutamate, aluminumMeSH
(2S)-2-AminopentanedioateHMDB
(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acidHMDB
(S)-(+)-GlutamateHMDB
(S)-(+)-Glutamic acidHMDB
1-amino-Propane-1,3-dicarboxylateHMDB
1-amino-Propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acidHMDB
1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylateHMDB
1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acidHMDB
2-AminoglutarateHMDB
2-Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
2-AminopentanedioateHMDB
2-Aminopentanedioic acidHMDB
a-AminoglutarateHMDB
a-Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
a-GlutamateHMDB
a-Glutamic acidHMDB
AciglutHMDB
alpha-AminoglutarateHMDB
alpha-Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
alpha-GlutamateHMDB
alpha-Glutamic acidHMDB
AminoglutarateHMDB
Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
GltHMDB
GlusateHMDB
GlutHMDB
GlutacidHMDB
GlutamicolHMDB
GlutamidexHMDB
GlutaminateHMDB
Glutaminic acidHMDB
GlutaminolHMDB
GlutatonHMDB
L-(+)-GlutamateHMDB
L-(+)-Glutamic acidHMDB
L-a-AminoglutarateHMDB
L-a-Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
L-alpha-AminoglutarateHMDB
L-alpha-Aminoglutaric acidHMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoseHMDB
D-GlcNAcHMDB
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamineHMDB
N-AcetylchitosamineHMDB
N Acetyl D glucosamineHMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxy D glucoseHMDB
2 Acetamido 2 deoxyglucoseHMDB
2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucoseHMDB
AcetylglucosamineHMDB
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oylglycineHMDB
N-[(3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycineHMDB
N-CholoylglycineHMDB
3a,7a,12a-Trihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oylglycineHMDB
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oylglycineHMDB
N-[(3a,5b,7a,12a)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycineHMDB
N-[(3Α,5β,7α,12α)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]glycineHMDB
GlycocholateHMDB
Glycine cholateHMDB
Glycocholic acid, sodium saltHMDB
CholylglycineHMDB
Glycocholate sodiumHMDB
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid-24-glycineHMDB
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-N-(carboxymethyl)-5beta-cholan-24-amideHMDB
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid-24-glycineHMDB
3Α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-N-(carboxymethyl)-5β-cholan-24-amideHMDB
Glycoreductodehydrocholic acidHMDB
GlycylcholateHMDB
Glycylcholic acidHMDB
N-(Carboxymethyl)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-amideHMDB
N-(Carboxymethyl)-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amideHMDB
N-Choloyl-glycineHMDB
3-Hydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-oneHMDB
Follicular hormoneHMDB
FolliculinHMDB
OestroneHMDB
(+)-EstroneHMDB
1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-3-ol-17-oneHMDB
3-Hydroxy-17-keto-estra-1,3,5-trieneHMDB
3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-oneHMDB
3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-17-oneHMDB
3-Hydroxyoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-oneHMDB
D1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-3-ol-17-oneHMDB
Estrone, (+-)-isomerHMDB
Hyrex brand OF estroneHMDB
Estrone, (9 beta)-isomerHMDB
EstrovarinHMDB
KestroneHMDB
WehgenHMDB
Estrone, (8 alpha)-isomerHMDB
Hauck brand OF estroneHMDB
UnigenHMDB
Vortech brand OF estroneHMDB
alpha,beta-Hydroxypropionic acidHMDB
D-GroAHMDB
R-Glyceric acidHMDB
GlycerateHMDB
(R)-GlycerateHMDB
a,b-HydroxypropionateHMDB
a,b-Hydroxypropionic acidHMDB
alpha,beta-HydroxypropionateHMDB
Α,β-hydroxypropionateHMDB
Α,β-hydroxypropionic acidHMDB
R-GlycerateHMDB
(R)-Glyceric acidHMDB
D-GlycerateHMDB
D-Glyceric acidHMDB
(2R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acidHMDB
(R)-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acidHMDB
D-2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acidHMDB
1-Amino-2-hydroxyethaneHMDB
2-Amino-1-ethanolHMDB
2-Amino-ethanolHMDB
2-Aminoethan-1-olHMDB
2-Aminoethyl alcoholHMDB
2-HydroxyethylamineHMDB
AethanolaminHMDB
AminoethanolHMDB
beta-AminoethanolHMDB
beta-Aminoethyl alcoholHMDB
beta-EthanolamineHMDB
beta-HydroxyethylamineHMDB
ColamineHMDB
ETAHMDB
GlycinolHMDB
HeaHMDB
MEAHMDB
MONOETHANOLAMINEHMDB
b-AminoethanolHMDB
Β-aminoethanolHMDB
b-Aminoethyl alcoholHMDB
Β-aminoethyl alcoholHMDB
b-EthanolamineHMDB
Β-ethanolamineHMDB
b-HydroxyethylamineHMDB
Β-hydroxyethylamineHMDB
2-AminoethanolHMDB
2-EthanolamineHMDB
2-HydroxyethanamineHMDB
Envision conditioner PDD 9020HMDB
EthylolamineHMDB
H-GlycinolHMDB
MonoaethanolaminHMDB
OlamineHMDB
2 AminoethanolHMDB
(3R,4S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-Carboxy-2,2-difluoro-1-(phosphonooxy)ethoxy]-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylateHMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoateHMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-b-D-Glucopyranosyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acidHMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acidHMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-Β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoateHMDB
(1S)-2-[(3-O-Β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-1-{[(9E)-octadec-9-enoyloxy]methyl}ethyl (10E)-nonadec-10-enoic acidHMDB
α-aminoglutaric acid, (S)-biospider
α-glutamic acid, (S)-biospider
2-Aminoglutaric acid, (S)-biospider
a-aminoglutaric acid, (S)-biospider
a-glutamic acid, (S)-biospider
Alpha-aminoglutarate, (S)-biospider
Alpha-aminoglutaric acid, (S)-biospider
Alpha-glutamate, (S)-biospider
Alpha-glutamic acid, (S)-biospider
Glutamic acid; L-formdb_source
L (+)-glutamic acid, alpha-formbiospider
L-glutamic acidmanual
S-1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylatebiospider
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility80.6 g/LALOGPS
logP-3.5ALOGPS
logP-3.2ChemAxon
logS-0.26ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.88ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.54ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area100.62 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity31.29 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability13.32 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Chemical FormulaC5H9NO4
IUPAC name(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C5H9NO4/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1
InChI KeyWHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N
Isomeric SMILESN[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O
Average Molecular Weight147.1293
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight147.053157781
Classification
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. Glutamic acid and derivatives are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentGlutamic acid and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Glutamic acid or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Amino fatty acid
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Fatty acid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic oxide
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect

Health effect:

Disposition

Route of exposure:

Source:

Biological location:

Role

Biological role:

Industrial application:

Physico-Chemical Properties
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
PropertyValueReference
Physical stateSolid
Physical DescriptionNot Available
Mass CompositionC 40.82%; H 6.17%; N 9.52%; O 43.50%DFC
Melting PointMp 224-225 (211-213°, 247-249°)° dec.DFC
Boiling PointNot Available
Experimental Water Solubility8.57 mg/mL at 25 oCBULL,HB et al. (1978)
Experimental logP-3.69HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental pKapKa3 9.6 (25°,NH2)DFC
Isoelectric pointNot Available
ChargeNot Available
Optical Rotation[a]25D +46.8 (c, 2 in 5M HCl)DFC
Spectroscopic UV DataNot Available
DensityNot Available
Refractive IndexNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
EI-MS/GC-MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-2950000000-2d6edc93ec5f8dee2223Spectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-002b-0940000000-4e285988bc537825d94dSpectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-9630000000-1ecc76aab86283892139Spectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, 2 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-8910000000-00f65ced0c55aa4ad169Spectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0032-3980000000-3069de5b6c49e4176968Spectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-0790000000-79d3e289c22cb183faa1Spectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0002-2950000000-2d6edc93ec5f8dee2223Spectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-002b-0940000000-4e285988bc537825d94dSpectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00ea-6932100000-30d3f5dcc198a5971e96Spectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00dj-9630000000-1ecc76aab86283892139Spectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-8910000000-00f65ced0c55aa4ad169Spectrum
GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0032-3980000000-3069de5b6c49e4176968Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0znc-9300000000-f88e86b78a4cee99a2d4Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, 2 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-8290000000-f99e03763f636e557887Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, TMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, TMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, TMS_2_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, TMS_2_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, TMS_2_4, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSL-Glutamic acid, TBDMS_2_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
MS/MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-003r-6900000000-95b0a084dc076f9c7b912012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-001i-9000000000-c37d4c80a14ec029ef632012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0a59-9000000000-6f1888aa71bcb0adf76c2012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-004j-0900000000-5fa8a338dcd2f2a6bdd22012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-004i-0900000000-16763200aa07f7629ad42012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-03di-3900000000-d9cfc5187aa799f6f9782012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-10ee9a593e13550bec1c2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0002-0900000000-4d045a3c1fc6e56f801b2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-001i-9000000000-c3c7f8f3754109a0c25b2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-004i-0900000000-48bfae26c69408b7f0ae2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0002-0900000000-82c2a681e7522a7bb1d12012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-0002-0905010000-af1c9ec4d0062fa6960e2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-01q9-9700000000-2b967b896a6e489145122012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-004i-0900000000-1434321646181ea894a02012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-11fadb2530828eedad8a2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-006t-0941100000-07d051890cb1d9e5c8562012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-004i-9200000000-f8619d11f1f54d836bb12012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-004i-0900000000-ea2dd00e79ef06e8dc042012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-3e239d4014c95a2ef8732012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-0002-0900000000-b548959edce39d319cf42012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0900000000-40d901f655797db2cd0f2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-0udi-1900000000-f997527a39900ac431c72012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negativesplash10-0udi-7900000000-60816f0601a4e6d25ffb2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negativesplash10-0007-9000000000-6ee821f657c604d1afca2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-000t-0900000000-7c02624abe56da9247a22012-08-31View Spectrum
NMR
TypeDescriptionView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
ChemSpider ID30572
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL575060
KEGG Compound IDC00025
Pubchem Compound ID33032
Pubchem Substance IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16015
Phenol-Explorer IDNot Available
DrugBank IDDB00142
HMDB IDHMDB00148
CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) IDHHT64-G:HHT63-F
EAFUS ID1507
Dr. Duke IDGLUTAMINIC-ACID|L-GLUTAMIC-ACID|GLUTAMIC-ACID|GLUTAMIC-ACID(FREE)
BIGG ID33561
KNApSAcK IDC00001358
HET IDGGL
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
Flavornet IDNot Available
GoodScent IDrw1025121
SuperScent IDNot Available
Wikipedia IDGlutamic_acid
Phenol-Explorer Metabolite IDNot Available
Duplicate IDSNot Available
Old DFC IDSNot Available
Associated Foods
FoodContent Range AverageReference
FoodReference
Biological Effects and Interactions
Health Effects / Bioactivities
DescriptorIDDefinitionReference
Anti alkaliAn agent that neutralizes alkalinity, reducing pH levels. It plays a biological role in maintaining acid-base balance. Therapeutically, it's used to treat conditions like acid reflux and heartburn. Key medical uses include neutralizing alkaline poisons and managing alkalosis, a condition where the body's pH becomes too alkaline.DUKE
Anti epileptic52217 An agent that reduces seizure frequency and severity, commonly used in managing epilepsy, seizure disorders, and neuropathic pain. It stabilizes neuronal membranes, modulates neurotransmitter release, and inhibits abnormal electrical activity in the brain, providing therapeutic relief from convulsions and seizures.DUKE
Anti hyperammonemicAn agent that lowers or controls ammonia levels in the blood, playing a crucial role in treating hyperammonemia. Therapeutically, it helps manage ammonia buildup, commonly used in urea cycle disorders, liver disease, and certain medications' side effects, to prevent neurological damage and other complications.DUKE
Anti-lithicAn agent that prevents the formation of calculi (kidney stones) or promotes their dissolution, playing a key role in urology. Its therapeutic applications include managing kidney stone disease, nephrolithiasis, and urinary tract disorders, helping to alleviate pain and prevent complications.DUKE
Anti-prostatiticAn agent that relieves prostatitis, reducing inflammation of the prostate gland, and is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome.DUKE
Anti-retardationAn agent that enhances cognitive function and development, countering mental retardation. Its biological role involves promoting neural growth and synaptic plasticity. Therapeutically, it's used to manage intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and neurodegenerative disorders, improving overall mental performance and quality of life.DUKE
Anxiolytic35474 An agent that reduces anxiety symptoms, commonly used in managing anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, by modulating neurotransmitters like GABA, promoting relaxation and calming effects.DUKE
Neurotoxic50910 A substance that damages or destroys nerve cells, disrupting normal brain function. It has no therapeutic applications, but is used in research to study neurodegenerative diseases. Key medical uses include understanding and developing treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, where neurotoxicity plays a role.DUKE
Neurotransmitter25512 A chemical messenger that transmits signals between neurons, regulating various physiological and psychological processes. Therapeutically, neurotransmitter modulators are used to treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease, by altering neurotransmitter levels or activity to restore balance and alleviate symptoms.CHEBI
Enzymes
NameGene NameUniProt ID
Tyrosine aminotransferaseTATP17735
Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmicGOT1P17174
Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrialGOT2P00505
Aminoadipate-semialdehyde synthaseAASSA4D0W4
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolicBCAT1P54687
Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrialBCAT2O15382
Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrialAGXT2Q9BYV1
Glutathione synthetaseGSSP48637
Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 3CCBL2Q6YP21
Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrialOATP04181
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrialABATP80404
Alanine aminotransferase 1GPTP24298
Alanine aminotransferase 2GPT2Q8TD30
Glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunitGCLCP48506
Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligaseEPRSP07814
Phosphoserine aminotransferasePSAT1Q9Y617
Asparagine synthetase [glutamine-hydrolyzing]ASNSP08243
Putative aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic 2GOT1L1Q8NHS2
Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1GGT1P19440
Gamma-glutamyltransferase 7GGT7Q9UJ14
Gamma-glutamyltransferase 6GGT6Q6P531
Gamma-glutamyltransferase 5GGT5P36269
Glutamate decarboxylase 2GAD2Q05329
Glutamate decarboxylase 1GAD1Q99259
Arginine decarboxylaseADCQ96A70
Kynurenine/alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase, mitochondrialAADATQ8N5Z0
Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 1CCBL1Q16773
Glutamyl aminopeptidaseENPEPQ07075
Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthaseALDH18A1P54886
Glutamine synthetaseGLULP15104
Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrialGLS2Q9UI32
Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrialGLSO94925
Formimidoyltransferase-cyclodeaminaseFTCDO95954
CTP synthase 2CTPS2Q9NRF8
Probable glutamate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrialEARS2Q5JPH6
Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 2GFPT2O94808
Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] 1GFPT1Q06210
Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthasePFASO15067
Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit B, mitochondrialPET112O75879
Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit A, mitochondrialQRSL1Q9H0R6
Glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunitGCLMP48507
N-acetylglutamate synthase, mitochondrialNAGSQ8N159
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrialFPGSQ05932
5-oxoprolinaseOPLAHO14841
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 1GRIK1P39086
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 3GRIK3Q13003
Glutamate receptor 1GRIA1P42261
Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 2SLC25A18Q9H1K4
LengsinLGSNQ5TDP6
Mitochondrial glutamate carrier 1SLC25A22Q9H936
Aspartate aminotransferaseGIG18Q2TU84
Aspartyl aminopeptidaseDNPEPQ9ULA0
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Alanine MetabolismSMP00055 map00250
Amino Sugar MetabolismSMP00045 map00520
Ammonia RecyclingSMP00009 map00910
Arginine and Proline MetabolismSMP00020 map00330
Cysteine MetabolismSMP00013 map00270
Folate MetabolismSMP00053 map00670
Glucose-Alanine CycleSMP00127 Not Available
Glutamate MetabolismSMP00072 map00250
Glutathione MetabolismSMP00015 map00480
Glycine and Serine MetabolismSMP00004 map00260
Histidine MetabolismSMP00044 map00340
Malate-Aspartate ShuttleSMP00129 Not Available
Transcription/TranslationSMP00019 Not Available
Urea CycleSMP00059 map00330
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Para-cresolSMP0123214 Not Available
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Oxalic acidSMP0124875 Not Available
Metabolsim and Physiological Effects of Argininic acid SMP0125504 Not Available
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-alpha-Acetyl-L-arginine SMP0125530 Not Available
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of TiglylglycineSMP0126840 Not Available
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of p-Cresol sulphateSMP0126850 Not Available
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acidSMP0126879 Not Available
MetabolismNot Available
BiosynthesisNot Available
Organoleptic Properties
Flavours
FlavorCitations
mild
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
yeast
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
baked
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
bread
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
Files
MSDSshow
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
General ReferenceNot Available
Content Reference— Saxholt, E., et al. 'Danish food composition databank, revision 7.' Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (2008).
— U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2008. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page.
— Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).
— Shinbo, Y., et al. 'KNApSAcK: a comprehensive species-metabolite relationship database.' Plant Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 165-181.