1.0 2010-04-08 22:10:43 UTC 2019-11-26 03:08:25 UTC FDB013444 Nickel Catalyst for the hydrogenation of food fats and oils Exposure to nickel metal and soluble compounds should not exceed 0.05 mg/cm³ in nickel equivalents per 40-hour work week. Nickel sulfide fume and dust is believed to be carcinogenic, and various other nickel compounds may be as well. Nickel carbonyl, [Ni(CO)4], is an extremely toxic gas. The toxicity of metal carbonyls is a function of both the toxicity of a metal as well as the carbonyl's ability to give off highly toxic carbon monoxide gas, and this one is no exception. It is explosive in air.; Four halides are known to form nickel compounds, these are nickel(II) fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide. Nickel(II) chloride is produced analogously by dissolving nickel residues in hydrochloric acid. Tetracarbonylnickel (Ni(CO)4), discovered by Ludwig Mond, is a homoleptic complex of nickel with carbon monoxide. Having no net dipole moment, intermolecular forces are relatively weak, allowing this compound to be liquid at room temperature. Carbon monoxide reacts with nickel metal readily to give this compound; on heating, the complex decomposes back to nickel and carbon monoxide. This behavior is exploited in the Mond process for generating high-purity nickel.; Nickel (pronounced /?n?k?l/) is a chemical element, with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. It is one of the four ferromagnetic elements at about room temperature, other three being iron, cobalt and gadolinium. Its use has been traced as far back as 3500 BC, but it was first isolated and classified as a chemical element in 1751 by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who initially mistook its ore for a copper mineral. Its most important ore minerals are laterites, including limonite and garnierite, and pentlandite. Major production sites include Sudbury region in Canada, New Caledonia and Russia. The metal is corrosion-resistant, finding many uses in alloys, as a plating, in the manufacture of coins, magnets and common household utensils, as a catalyst for hydrogenation, and in a variety of other applications. Enzymes of certain life-forms contain nickel as an active center making the metal essential for them.; Nickel is a silvery-white metal with a slight golden tinge that takes a high polish. It is one of only four elements that are magnetic at or near room temperature. It belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. It occurs most often in combination with sulfur and iron in pentlandite, with sulfur in millerite, with arsenic in the mineral nickeline, and with arsenic and sulfur in nickel galena. Nickel is commonly found in iron meteorites as the alloys kamacite and taenite. Similar to the elements chromium, aluminium and titanium, nickel is a very reactive element, but is slow to react in air at normal temperatures and pressures due to the formation of a protective oxide surface. Due to its permanence in air and its slow rate of oxidation, it is used in coins, for plating metals such as iron and brass, for chemical apparatus, and in certain alloys such as German silver.; Nickel is a solid, silver-white, hard, malleable transition metal with an atomic number of 28. It resists corrosion even at high temperatures. It is present in many alloys in widespread use, including stainless steels. It may also be present as an impurity in any alloy. Nickel is used in the production of coins, jewellery, and nickel-cadmium batteries, and as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of liquid oils to solid fats such as oleomargarine and vegetable shortening. Nickel-containing dental alloys continue to be used successfully in the provision of various forms of dental care. Many of these alloys have applications in the construction of restorations designed to remain in clinical service for many years, including crowns, fixed bridgework, and removable partial dentures. Furthermore, nickel containing alloys find extensive application in orthodontics, including metallic brackets, arch wires, bands, springs and ligature wires. Many instruments and devises, for example, endodontic instruments also contain nickel.; Allergic responses are mediated through the immune system. In a sensitized individual, allergic responses can be initiated by relatively small amounts of the allergen; Nickel plays numerous roles in the biology of microorganisms and plants, though they were not recognized until the 1970s. In fact urease (an enzyme which assists in the hydrolysis of urea) contains nickel. The NiFe-hydrogenases contain nickel in addition to iron-sulfur clusters. Such [NiFe]-hydrogenases characteristically oxidise H2. A nickel-tetrapyrrole coenzyme, F430, is present in the methyl coenzyme M reductase which powers methanogenic archaea. One of the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase enzymes consists of an Fe-Ni-S cluster. Other nickel-containing enzymes include a class of superoxide dismutase and a glyoxalase.; Nickel-56 is produced in large quantities in type Ia supernovae and the shape of the light curve of these supernovae corresponds to the decay via beta radiation of nickel-56 to cobalt-56 and then to iron-56. Nickel-59 is a long-lived cosmogenic radionuclide with a half-life of 76,000 years. 59Ni has found many applications in isotope geology. 59Ni has been used to date the terrestrial age of meteorites and to determine abundances of extraterrestrial dust in ice and sediment. Nickel-60 is the daughter product of the extinct radionuclide 60Fe (half-life = 1.5 Myr). Because the extinct radionuclide 60Fe had such a long half-life, its persistence in materials in the solar system at high enough concentrations may have generated observable variations in the isotopic composition of 60Ni. Therefore, the abundance of 60Ni present in extraterrestrial material may provide insight into the origin of the solar system and its early history. Nickel-62 has the highest binding energy per nucleon of any isotope for any element (8.7946 Mev/nucleon). Isotopes heavier than 62Ni cannot be formed by nuclear fusion without losing energy. Nickel-48, discovered in 1999, is the most proton-rich heavy element isotope known. With 28 protons and 20 neutrons 48Ni is "double magic" (like 208Pb) and therefore unusually stable.; Sensitized individuals may show an allergy to nickel affecting their skin, also known as dermatitis. Sensitivity to nickel may also be present in patients with pompholyx. Nickel is an important cause of contact allergy, partly due to its use in jewellery intended for pierced ears. Nickel allergies affecting pierced ears are often marked by itchy, red skin. Many earrings are now made nickel-free due to this problem. The amount of nickel which is allowed in products which come into contact with human skin is regulated by the European Union. In 2002 researchers found amounts of nickel being emitted by 1 and 2 Euro coins far in excess of those standards. This is believed to be due to a galvanic reaction.; Tetracoordinate nickel(II) takes both tetrahedral and square planar geometries. This is in contrast with the other group 10 elements, which tend to exist as square planar complexes. Bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) is a useful intermediate in organometallic chemistry due to the easily displaced cod ligands. Nickel(III) oxide is used as the cathode in many rechargeable batteries, including nickel-cadmium, nickel-iron, nickel hydrogen, and nickel-metal hydride, and used by certain manufacturers in Li-ion batteries.; The most common oxidation state of nickel is +2 with several Ni complexes known. It is also thought that a +6 oxidation state may exist, however, this has not been demonstrated conclusively. The unit cell of nickel is a face centered cube with a lattice parameter of 0.352 nm giving a radius of the atom of 0.125 nm.; for example, if nickel ions are released from a nickel plated material following direct and prolonged contact with the skin. Individuals are first sensitized to the allergen. Subsequent exposures, if sufficiently high, may then result in an allergic reaction. A number of allergens are used in the clinical practice of dentistry, notably eugenol, mercury, nickel, chromium, cobalt, components of resin-based materials and a host of other chemical agents. The majority of dental allergies, including allergic responses to nickel-containing dental alloys, comprise Type IV hypersensitivity reactions, cell-mediated by T-lymphocytes. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body.(PMID: 17243350, 16405986) 16-08 Nickel Alcan 756 Carbonyl nickel powder Dextrin, nickel complex Fibrex Fibrex p Malleable nickel Metallic nickel NI NI 0901-S (harshaw) Ni(+) Ni(2+) Ni+ Ni2+ Niccolum carbonicum Niccolum Liquid (S#1155)-Liq Niccolum metallicum Niccolum sulfuricum Nichel NICKEL (II) ion Nickel [nickel and certain nickel compounds] Nickel [nickel and nickel compounds] Nickel 200 Nickel 201 Nickel 204 Nickel 205 Nickel 207 Nickel 211 Nickel 212 Nickel 213 Nickel 222 Nickel 223 Nickel 229 Nickel 270 Nickel catalyst Nickel cation Nickel compounds Nickel liquid Nickel metal and insoluble compounds Nickel particles Nickel sponge Nickel, dextrin complexes Nickel, elemental Nickel, elemental/metal Nickel, ion (Ni1+) Nickel, ion (ni2+) Nickel, metal Nickel, metal and insoluble compounds Nickel, metal, soluble, insoluble, and inorganic NICKEL, POWDER, 99.9%, 100 MESH Nickel, soluble compounds Nickel, soluble salts NICKEL, SPONGE, 99.999% nickel(1+) nickel(1+) ion Nickel(I) cation Nickelous ion Niquel Raney alloy Raney nickel Ni 58.6934 57.935347922 nickel nickel 7440-02-0 [Ni] InChI=1S/Ni PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom. Homogeneous transition metal compounds Inorganic compounds Homogeneous metal compounds Homogeneous transition metal compounds Inorganic nickel compounds Homogeneous transition metal Inorganic nickel compound nickel group element atom Solid melting_point Mp 1455° logp 0.16 ChemAxon iupac nickel ChemAxon average_mass 58.6934 ChemAxon mono_mass 57.935347922 ChemAxon smiles [Ni] ChemAxon formula Ni ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/Ni ChemAxon inchikey PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 0 ChemAxon refractivity 0 ChemAxon polarizability 1.78 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 0 ChemAxon acceptor_count 0 ChemAxon donor_count 0 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::MsMs 70503 Specdb::MsMs 70504 Specdb::MsMs 70505 Specdb::MsMs 129018 Specdb::MsMs 129019 Specdb::MsMs 129020 HMDB02457 28112 NI #<Reference:0x000055ce32811b08> #<Reference:0x000055ce32811928> #<Reference:0x000055ce32811720> #<Reference:0x000055ce32811568> #<Reference:0x000055ce328113b0> Adzuki bean Type 1 specific Vigna angularis 3914 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Agar Type 1 specific Eucheuma 31444 0.2 0.2 0.2 mg/100 g Alfalfa Type 1 specific Medicago sativa 3879 0.365 0.73 0.0 mg/100 g Allium Type 1 specific Allium 4678 0.000888 0.00355 0.0 mg/100 g Almond Type 1 specific Prunus dulcis 3755 0.133333 0.14 0.13 mg/100 g American cranberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium macrocarpon 13750 0.0215 0.0215 0.0215 mg/100 g Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 0.000255 0.0014 0.0 mg/100 g Anchovy Type 1 specific Engraulidae 43062 0.005 0.005 0.005 mg/100 g Anguilliformes Type 1 specific Anguilliformes 7933 0.00017 0.00017 0.00017 mg/100 g Apple Type 1 specific Malus pumila 283210 0.003208 0.03245 0.0 mg/100 g Apricot Type 1 specific Prunus armeniaca 36596 0.04 0.12 0.0 mg/100 g Arabica coffee Type 1 specific Coffea arabica 13443 0.020802 0.081 0.0 mg/100 g Asparagus Type 1 specific Asparagus officinalis 4686 0.020089 0.135 0.0 mg/100 g Atlantic halibut Type 1 specific Hippoglossus hippoglossus 8267 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Atlantic wolffish Type 1 specific Anarhichas lupus 8204 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Avocado Type 1 specific Persea americana 3435 0.0597 0.0597 0.0597 mg/100 g Baby food Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Bamboo shoots Type 1 specific Phyllostachys edulis 38705 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Banana Type 1 specific Musa acuminata 4641 0.00401 0.00401 0.00401 mg/100 g Barley Type 1 specific Hordeum vulgare 4513 0.0315 0.053 0.01 mg/100 g Beer Type 2 specific 0.001202 0.0023 0.0 mg/100 g Bilberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium myrtillus 180763 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Biscuit Type 2 specific 0.000633 0.0038 0.0 mg/100 g Bitter gourd Type 1 specific Momordica charantia 3673 1.0 1.0 1.0 mg/100 g Black salsify Type 1 specific Scorzonera hispanica 114289 0.0048 0.0048 0.0048 mg/100 g Black tea Type 1 0.35603 0.71 0.00206 mg/100 g Black walnut Type 1 specific Juglans nigra 16719 0.4 0.48 0.32 mg/100 g Black-eyed pea Type 1 specific Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata 3920 Blackcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes nigrum 78511 0.004489 0.0101 0.0 mg/100 g Blue whiting Type 1 specific Micromesistius poutassou 81636 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Brazil nut Type 1 specific Bertholletia excelsa 3645 0.193333 0.58 0.0 mg/100 g Breakfast cereal Type 2 specific 0.022513 0.083 0.0 mg/100 g Broccoli Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. italica 36774 0.00565 0.015 0.0 mg/100 g Brussel sprouts Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera 178616 0.0028 0.0056 0.0 mg/100 g Burbot Type 1 specific Lota lota 69944 0.01 0.01 0.01 mg/100 g Butter Type 2 specific 0.000206 0.000206 0.000206 mg/100 g Buttermilk Type 2 specific 0.000977 0.000977 0.000977 mg/100 g Butternut Type 1 specific Juglans cinerea 91214 0.43 0.43 0.43 mg/100 g Cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. capitata 3716 0.436 0.436 0.436 mg/100 g Caraway Type 1 specific Carum carvi 48032 0.7 0.7 0.7 mg/100 g Carp bream Type 1 specific Abramis brama 38527 0.01 0.01 0.01 mg/100 g Carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota ssp. sativus 79200 0.099259 1.353 0.0 mg/100 g Casein Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cashew nut Type 1 specific Anacardium occidentale 171929 0.1 0.5 0.0 mg/100 g Cassava Type 1 specific Manihot esculenta 3983 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Catfish Type 1 specific Siluriformes 7995 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 0.000956 0.00348 0.0005 mg/100 g Cauliflower Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. botrytis 3715 0.005169 0.0098 0.0 mg/100 g Celeriac Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. rapaceum 278110 0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 mg/100 g Celery leaves Type 1 specific Apium graveolens var. secalinum 941588 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cetacea (Dolphin, Porpoise, Whale) Type 1 specific Cetacea 9721 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Ceylon cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum verum 128608 0.265 0.42 0.11 mg/100 g Chanterelle Type 1 specific Cantharellus cibarius 36066 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Charr Type 1 specific Salvelinus 8033 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chayote Type 1 specific Sechium edule 184140 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cheese Type 2 specific 0.004463 0.00668 0.0 mg/100 g Cherimoya Type 1 specific Annona cherimola 49314 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chervil Type 1 specific Anthriscus cerefolium 40888 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 mg/100 g Chestnut Type 1 specific Castanea 21019 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chewing gum Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 0.001171 0.004 0.0 mg/100 g Chickpea Type 1 specific Cicer arietinum 3827 0.13 0.13 0.13 mg/100 g Chicory Type 1 specific Cichorium intybus 13427 0.00405 0.0081 0.0 mg/100 g Chinese cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica rapa 3711 0.051167 0.15 0.00175 mg/100 g Chives Type 1 specific Allium schoenoprasum 74900 0.05 0.05 0.05 mg/100 g Chocolate Type 2 specific 0.14 0.223 0.07 mg/100 g Chocolate spread Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cinnamon Type 1 specific Cinnamomum 13428 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Clawed lobster Type 1 specific Nephropidae 6704 0.0047 0.0047 0.0047 mg/100 g Cloudberry Type 1 specific Rubus chamaemorus 57936 0.0725 0.0725 0.0725 mg/100 g Cloves Type 1 specific Syzygium aromaticum 219868 0.24 0.24 0.24 mg/100 g Clupeinae (Herring, Sardine, Sprat) Type 1 specific Clupeinae 7948 0.001304 0.011 0.0 mg/100 g Cocoa butter Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Cocoa powder Type 2 specific 0.351667 0.855 0.0 mg/100 g Coconut Type 1 specific Cocos nucifera 13894 0.084444 0.21 0.0 mg/100 g Coffee Type 1 generic Coffea 13442 0.020802 0.081 0.0 mg/100 g Cold cut Type 2 specific 0.001325 0.0031 0.0 mg/100 g Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 0.128426 0.75 0.0 mg/100 g Common buckwheat Type 1 specific Fagopyrum esculentum 3617 0.134829 0.42 0.0 mg/100 g Common cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea 3712 0.005791 0.0135 0.0027 mg/100 g Common dab Type 1 specific Limanda limanda 27771 0.001 0.001 0.001 mg/100 g Common grape Type 1 specific Vitis vinifera 29760 0.039 0.039 0.039 mg/100 g Common hazelnut Type 1 specific Corylus avellana 13451 0.18 0.18 0.18 mg/100 g Common ling Type 1 specific Molva molva 163112 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Common mushroom Type 1 specific Agaricus bisporus 5341 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 mg/100 g Common octopus Type 1 specific Octopus vulgaris 6645 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 mg/100 g Common pea Type 1 specific Pisum sativum 3888 0.07372 0.219 0.0 mg/100 g Common persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros virginiana 13493 0.61 0.815 0.405 mg/100 g Common wheat Type 1 specific Triticum aestivum 4565 0.237 0.237 0.237 mg/100 g Coriander Type 1 specific Coriandrum sativum 4047 0.034286 0.24 0.0 mg/100 g Corn Type 1 specific Zea mays 4577 0.030032 0.321 0.0 mg/100 g Cottonseed Type 1 specific Gossypium 3633 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Crab Type 1 specific Brachyura 6752 0.0028 0.0052 0.0 mg/100 g Cracker Type 2 specific 0.01 0.01 0.01 mg/100 g Crayfish Type 1 specific Astacidea 6712 0.0157 0.0157 0.0157 mg/100 g Cream Type 2 specific 0.000293 0.001 0.0 mg/100 g Crisp bread Type 2 specific 0.0257 0.0527 0.0 mg/100 g Cucumber Type 1 specific Cucumis sativus 3659 0.004745 0.063 0.0 mg/100 g Cucurbita Type 1 specific Cucurbita 3660 0.0035 0.005 0.0 mg/100 g Cumin Type 1 specific Cuminum cyminum 52462 0.36 0.36 0.36 mg/100 g Curry powder Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Daikon radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus 41679 0.002 0.004 0.0 mg/100 g Dandelion Type 1 specific Taraxacum officinale 50225 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Date Type 1 specific Phoenix dactylifera 42345 0.033 0.033 0.033 mg/100 g Dill Type 1 specific Anethum graveolens 40922 0.043057 0.24 0.0 mg/100 g Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 0.003962 0.016 0.0 mg/100 g Dragée Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Dried milk Type 2 specific 0.003 0.003 0.003 mg/100 g Dumpling Type 2 specific 0.025 0.025 0.025 mg/100 g Eggplant Type 1 specific Solanum melongena 4111 0.015658 0.075 0.0 mg/100 g Eggs Unknown generic 0.000407 0.004 0.0 mg/100 g Elderberry Type 1 specific Sambucus 4201 0.00159 0.00477 0.0 mg/100 g Endive Type 1 specific Cichorium endivia 114280 0.044 0.22 0.0 mg/100 g European plum Type 1 specific Prunus domestica 3758 0.044768 0.0865 0.00667 mg/100 g Fats and oils Unknown generic Fennel Type 1 specific Foeniculum vulgare 48038 0.0336 0.1 0.0 mg/100 g Fig Type 1 specific Ficus carica 3494 0.0688 0.13 0.0 mg/100 g Fish oil Type 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Flatfish Type 1 specific Pleuronectiformes 8252 0.00291 0.00291 0.00291 mg/100 g Flaxseed Type 1 specific Linum usitatissimum 4006 0.1115 0.223 0.0 mg/100 g French plantain Type 1 specific Musa X paradisiaca 89151 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Fruit gum Type 2 specific 0.002 0.002 0.002 mg/100 g Fruit juice Type 2 specific 0.005 0.01 0.0 mg/100 g Fruit preserve Type 2 specific 0.01 0.01 0.01 mg/100 g Gadiformes Type 1 specific Gadiformes 8043 0.00397 0.00397 0.00397 mg/100 g Gadus (Common cod) Type 1 specific Gadus 8048 0.00043 0.00242 0.0 mg/100 g Garden cress Type 1 specific Lepidium sativum 33125 0.001333 0.004 0.0 mg/100 g Garden onion Type 1 specific Allium cepa 4679 0.085032 0.2015 0.005156448 mg/100 g Garden rhubarb Type 1 specific Rheum rhabarbarum 3621 0.046736 0.205 0.00717 mg/100 g Garden tomato Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum 4081 0.008239 0.03 0.0 mg/100 g Garden tomato (var.) Type 1 specific Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum 397755 0.2505 0.2505 0.2505 mg/100 g Garfish Type 1 specific Belone belone 129037 0.00149 0.00149 0.00149 mg/100 g Garlic Type 1 specific Allium sativum 4682 0.003333 0.011 0.0 mg/100 g Gelatin Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Gelatin dessert Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Giant butterbur Type 1 specific Petasites japonicus 186965 Gin Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Ginger Type 1 specific Zingiber officinale 94328 0.12 0.36 0.0 mg/100 g Globe artichoke Type 1 specific Cynara scolymus 59895 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Gooseberry Type 1 specific Ribes uva-crispa 135518 0.008427 0.0202 0.00254 mg/100 g Gram bean Type 1 specific Vigna mungo 3915 0.5664 0.5664 0.5664 mg/100 g Grape Type 1 specific Vitis 3603 0.005149 0.0178 0.0 mg/100 g Grape wine Type 2 specific 0.002163 0.0046 0.0 mg/100 g Grapefruit Type 1 specific Citrus X paradisi 37656 0.00168 0.00306 0.0003 mg/100 g Green bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus vulgaris 3885 0.0104 0.0177 0.0 mg/100 g Green bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.06614 0.2775 0.0 mg/100 g Green tea Type 1 0.35603 0.71 0.00206 mg/100 g Green zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica 0.007573 0.012305376 0.0044 mg/100 g Greenland halibut/turbot Type 1 specific Reinhardtius hippoglossoides 111784 0.00151 0.00151 0.00151 mg/100 g Groundcherry Type 1 specific Physalis 24663 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Guava Type 1 specific Psidium guajava 120290 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Haddock Type 1 specific Melanogrammus aeglefinus 8056 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Hard wheat Type 1 specific Triticum durum 4567 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Hazelnut Type 1 specific Corylus 13450 0.17 0.17 0.17 mg/100 g Herbal tea Type 1 0.35603 0.71 0.00206 mg/100 g Honey Type 2 specific 0.009 0.009 0.009 mg/100 g Horseradish Type 1 specific Armoracia rusticana 3704 0.0335 0.07 0.004 mg/100 g Hot chocolate Type 2 specific 0.0173 0.0173 0.0173 mg/100 g Ice cream Type 2 specific 0.001513 0.003 0.0 mg/100 g Italian sweet red pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.005 0.01 0.002 mg/100 g Japanese pumpkin Type 1 specific Cucurbita maxima 3661 0.008533 0.014 0.0046 mg/100 g Jerusalem artichoke Type 1 specific Helianthus tuberosus 4233 0.015 0.015 0.015 mg/100 g Kale Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. pabularia 0.0091 0.016 0.0 mg/100 g Kefir Type 2 specific 0.002 0.002 0.002 mg/100 g Ketchup Type 2 specific 0.015 0.03 0.0 mg/100 g Kiwi Type 1 specific Actinidia chinensis 3625 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032 mg/100 g Kohlrabi Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes 109379 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Kombu Type 1 specific Saccharina japonica 88149 0.2 0.2 0.2 mg/100 g Kumquat Type 1 specific Fortunella 2706 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lake trout Type 1 specific Salvelinus namaycush 8040 0.006 0.006 0.006 mg/100 g Lard Type 2 specific 0.0034 0.0043 0.0025 mg/100 g Leavening agent Type 2 specific 0.0025 0.01 0.0 mg/100 g Leek Type 1 specific Allium porrum 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032 mg/100 g Lemon Type 1 specific Citrus limon 2708 0.004433 0.00665 0.0 mg/100 g Lemon sole Type 1 specific Microstomus kitt 106175 0.004933 0.0074 0.0 mg/100 g Lentils Type 1 generic Lens culinaris 3864 0.082667 0.248 0.0 mg/100 g Lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa 4236 0.157867 1.409 0.0 mg/100 g Lichee Type 1 specific Litchi chinensis 151069 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lima bean Type 1 specific Phaseolus lunatus 3884 0.365 0.365 0.365 mg/100 g Lime Type 1 specific Citrus aurantiifolia 159033 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lingonberry Type 1 specific Vaccinium vitis-idaea 180772 0.005 0.005 0.005 mg/100 g Liquor Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Liquorice Type 2 specific 0.02975 0.068 0.0 mg/100 g Loganberry Type 1 specific Rubus loganobaccus 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Loquat Type 1 specific Eriobotrya japonica 32224 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Lumpsucker Type 1 specific Cyclopteridae 8101 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Madeira wine Type 2 specific 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 mg/100 g Malus (Crab apple) Type 1 specific Malus 3749 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine) Type 1 specific Citrus reticulata 85571 0.005308 0.0155 0.00276 mg/100 g Mango Type 1 specific Mangifera indica 29780 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Margarine Type 2 specific 0.007033 0.0103 0.0029 mg/100 g Margarine-like spread Type 2 specific 0.00744 0.00744 0.00744 mg/100 g Marine mussel Type 1 specific Mytilidae 6547 0.070067 0.0835 0.0578 mg/100 g Marshmallow Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Marzipan Type 2 specific 0.016 0.032 0.0 mg/100 g Meat bouillon Type 2 specific 0.03 0.15 0.0 mg/100 g Meatball Type 2 specific 0.018 0.018 0.018 mg/100 g Meringue Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Milk (Cow) Type 2 specific 0.018569 0.208 0.00037 mg/100 g Milk (Human) Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Milk (Other mammals) Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Millet Type 1 specific Panicum miliaceum 4540 0.1595 0.199 0.12 mg/100 g Miso Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 mg/100 g Mugwort Type 1 specific Artemisia vulgaris 4220 Mung bean Type 1 specific Vigna radiata 157791 0.20112 0.3456 0.0 mg/100 g Muskmelon Type 1 specific Cucumis melo 3656 0.018688 0.0985 0.007 mg/100 g Mustard Type 2 specific 0.02 0.02 0.02 mg/100 g Nectarine Type 1 specific Prunus persica var. nucipersica 323851 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Northern pike Type 1 specific Esox lucius 8010 0.00944 0.00944 0.00944 mg/100 g Norway haddock Type 1 specific Sebastes viviparus 394708 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Norway lobster Type 1 specific Nephrops norvegicus 6829 0.0067 0.0067 0.0067 mg/100 g Norway pout Type 1 specific Trisopterus esmarkii 80723 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Nougat Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Nutmeg Type 1 specific Myristica fragrans 51089 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Oat Type 1 specific Avena sativa 4498 0.107143 0.133 0.0 mg/100 g Oil palm Type 1 specific Elaeis 51952 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Okra Type 1 specific Abelmoschus esculentus 455045 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Olive Type 1 specific Olea europaea 4146 0.001571 0.0055 0.0 mg/100 g Orange bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.098209 0.2775 0.004945761 mg/100 g Other alcoholic beverage Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other animal fat Type 2 specific 0.003 0.006 0.0 mg/100 g Other bread Type 2 specific 0.010337 0.023 0.0035 mg/100 g Other bread product Type 2 specific 0.003115 0.00623 0.0 mg/100 g Other candy Type 2 specific 0.0175 0.07 0.0 mg/100 g Other dish Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other fermented milk Type 2 specific 0.001479 0.002 0.000958 mg/100 g Other fish product Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other frozen dessert Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Other fruit product Type 2 specific 0.0926 0.0926 0.0926 mg/100 g Other snack food Type 2 specific 0.033333 0.038 0.03 mg/100 g Oyster mushroom Type 1 specific Pleurotus ostreatus 5322 0.0196 0.0196 0.0196 mg/100 g Pacific ocean perch Type 1 specific Sebastes alutus 72055 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pak choy Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. chinensis 93385 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Papaya Type 1 specific Carica papaya 3649 0.003 0.003 0.003 mg/100 g Parsley Type 1 specific Petroselinum crispum 4043 0.11044 0.43 0.0111 mg/100 g Parsnip Type 1 specific Pastinaca sativa 4041 0.033984 0.082 0.02 mg/100 g Passion fruit Type 1 specific Passiflora edulis 78168 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pasta Type 2 specific 0.0044 0.0094 0.0 mg/100 g Pastry Type 2 specific 0.001081 0.02 0.0 mg/100 g Pate Type 2 specific 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 mg/100 g Peach Type 1 specific Prunus persica 3760 0.0423 0.2325 0.0 mg/100 g Peanut Type 1 specific Arachis hypogaea 3818 0.03 0.06 0.0 mg/100 g Pear Type 1 specific Pyrus communis 23211 0.019292 0.0605 0.00899 mg/100 g Pecan nut Type 1 specific Carya illinoinensis 32201 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.022708 0.2775 0.0 mg/100 g Pepper (C. frutescens) Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum var. annuum 40321 0.125 0.125 0.125 mg/100 g Pepper (Spice) Type 1 specific Piper nigrum 13216 0.051667 0.155 0.0 mg/100 g Perciformes Type 1 specific Perciformes 8111 0.008 0.008 0.008 mg/100 g Persimmon Type 1 specific Diospyros 13492 0.0218 0.0218 0.0218 mg/100 g Pikeperch Type 1 specific Sander lucioperca 283035 0.007 0.007 0.007 mg/100 g Pine nut Type 1 specific Pinus 3337 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Pineapple Type 1 specific Ananas comosus 4615 0.020405 0.05 0.000837 mg/100 g Pistachio Type 1 specific Pistacia vera 55513 0.102 0.11 0.1 mg/100 g Pizza Type 2 specific 0.0178 0.0178 0.0178 mg/100 g Pleuronectidae (Dab, Halibut, Plaice) Type 1 specific Pleuronectidae 8256 0.007317 0.017 0.0 mg/100 g Pollock Type 1 specific Pollachius 8059 0.000973 0.00146 0.0 mg/100 g Pomegranate Type 1 specific Punica granatum 22663 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Poppy Type 1 specific Papaver 3468 0.167 0.167 0.167 mg/100 g Port wine Type 2 specific 0.007 0.007 0.007 mg/100 g Potato Type 1 specific Solanum tuberosum 4113 0.015838 0.131 0.0 mg/100 g Prickly pear Type 1 specific Opuntia 106975 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Prunus (Cherry, Plum) Type 1 specific Prunus 3754 0.000375 0.0015 0.0 mg/100 g Quince Type 1 specific Cydonia oblonga 36610 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 mg/100 g Radish Type 1 specific Raphanus sativus 3726 0.02 0.036 0.004 mg/100 g Rainbow trout Type 1 specific Oncorhynchus mykiss 8022 0.0006 0.0009 0.0 mg/100 g Rape Type 1 specific Brassica napus var. napus 138011 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Red algae Type 1 specific Rhodophyta 2763 0.2 0.2 0.2 mg/100 g Red beetroot Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris var. rubra 0.09764 0.8 0.0034 mg/100 g Red bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.05874 0.2775 0.0 mg/100 g Red tea Type 1 0.35603 0.71 0.00206 mg/100 g Redcurrant Type 1 specific Ribes rubrum 175228 0.005433 0.0315 0.0 mg/100 g Remoulade Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rice Type 1 specific Oryza sativa 4530 0.02695 0.1632 0.0 mg/100 g Robusta coffee Type 1 specific Coffea canephora 49390 0.020802 0.081 0.0 mg/100 g Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 0.005 0.005 0.005 mg/100 g Romaine lettuce Type 1 specific Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia 0.002455 0.003413531 0.0 mg/100 g Rose hip Type 1 specific Rosa 3764 0.013333 0.04 0.0 mg/100 g Rubus (Blackberry, Raspberry) Type 1 specific Rubus 23216 0.006543 0.0179 0.0 mg/100 g Rum Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Rye Type 1 specific Secale cereale 4550 0.0034 0.0068 0.0 mg/100 g Rye bread Type 2 specific 0.009756 0.0264 0.0025 mg/100 g Safflower Type 1 specific Carthamus tinctorius 4222 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Salad dressing Type 2 specific 0.000609 0.007 0.0 mg/100 g Salmonidae (Salmon, Trout) Type 1 specific Salmonidae 8015 0.001613 0.00229 0.0 mg/100 g Salt Type 2 specific 0.003 0.003 0.003 mg/100 g Sauce Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sausage Type 2 specific 0.0093 0.024 0.0 mg/100 g Savoy cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea var. sabauda 1216010 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 mg/100 g Scombridae (Bonito, Mackerel, Tuna) Type 1 specific Scombridae 8224 0.000423 0.000423 0.000423 mg/100 g Semolina Type 2 specific 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038 mg/100 g Sesame Type 1 specific Sesamum orientale 4182 0.125714 0.19 0.0 mg/100 g Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 0.003013 0.01 0.00214 mg/100 g Sherry Type 2 specific 0.0135 0.0135 0.0135 mg/100 g Shrimp Type 1 specific Caridea 6694 0.00249 0.00249 0.00249 mg/100 g Snail Type 1 specific Gastropoda 6448 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soft drink Type 2 specific 0.00128 0.00308 0.00028 mg/100 g Soft-necked garlic Type 1 specific Allium sativum L. var. sativum 4682 0.16 0.16 0.16 mg/100 g Sorrel Type 1 specific Rumex acetosa 41241 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soup Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soy bean Type 1 specific Glycine max 3847 0.244708 1.55 0.0 mg/100 g Soy milk Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Soy sauce Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Spinach Type 1 specific Spinacia oleracea 3562 0.011633 0.033 0.0042 mg/100 g Spiny dogfish Type 1 specific Squalus acanthias 7797 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Spirit Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Star fruit Type 1 specific Averrhoa carambola 28974 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Strawberry Type 1 specific Fragaria X ananassa 3747 0.00297 0.01 0.0 mg/100 g Sturgeon Type 1 specific Acipenseridae 7900 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sugar Type 2 specific 0.003457 0.0074 0.0 mg/100 g Sugar substitute Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sunburst squash (pattypan squash) Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. clypeata 0.017672 0.032382087 0.0046 mg/100 g Sunflower Type 1 specific Helianthus annuus 4232 0.1803 0.356 0.0046 mg/100 g Swede Type 1 specific Brassica napus 3708 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Sweet orange Type 1 specific Citrus sinensis 2711 0.007937 0.028 0.0006 mg/100 g Sweet potato Type 1 specific Ipomoea batatas 4120 0.00144 0.00576 0.0 mg/100 g Swiss chard Type 1 specific Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla 1527200 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Syrup Type 2 specific 0.03 0.03 0.03 mg/100 g Tallow Type 2 specific 0.002818 0.0096 0.0 mg/100 g Tamarind Type 1 specific Tamarindus indica 58860 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Tea Type 1 specific Camellia sinensis 4442 0.284824 0.71 0.0 mg/100 g Thistle Type 1 specific Cirsium 41549 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Thunnus Type 1 specific Thunnus 8234 0.00179 0.002 0.00116 mg/100 g Toffee Type 2 specific 0.02 0.02 0.02 mg/100 g Tofu Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g True frog Type 1 specific Ranidae 8397 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g True oyster Type 1 specific Ostreidae 6563 0.0196 0.0196 0.0196 mg/100 g True seal Type 1 specific Phocidae 9709 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g True sole Type 1 specific Soleidae 30948 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Turbot Type 1 specific Scophthalmus maximus 52904 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 0.001325 0.0031 0.0 mg/100 g Turmeric Type 1 specific Curcuma longa 136217 0.38 0.38 0.38 mg/100 g Turnip Type 1 specific Brassica rapa var. rapa 51350 0.000667 0.002 0.0 mg/100 g Unclassified food or beverage Type 2 specific 0.046 0.138 0.0 mg/100 g Vaccinium (Blueberry, Cranberry, Huckleberry) Type 1 specific Vaccinium 13749 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Vegetable juice Type 2 specific 0.0115 0.0115 0.0115 mg/100 g Vermouth Type 2 specific 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021 mg/100 g Vinegar Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Vodka Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Walnut Type 1 specific Juglans 16718 0.106667 0.32 0.0 mg/100 g Water Type 2 specific 0.0004 0.0005 0.0003 mg/100 g Watercress Type 1 specific Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum 135518 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Watermelon Type 1 specific Citrullus lanatus 3654 0.007 0.007 0.007 mg/100 g Wheat Type 1 specific Triticum 4564 0.027675 0.083 0.0 mg/100 g Wheat bread Type 2 specific 0.010286 0.036 0.0 mg/100 g Whey Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Whisky Type 2 specific 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g White bread Type 1 0.023 0.023 0.023 mg/100 g White cabbage Type 1 specific Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. f. alba DC. 0.1479 0.436 0.0027 mg/100 g White mustard Type 1 specific Sinapis alba 3728 0.36 0.36 0.36 mg/100 g Whitefish Type 1 specific Coregonus 27772 0.007 0.007 0.007 mg/100 g Whiting Type 1 specific Merlangius merlangus 8058 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Wild carrot Type 1 specific Daucus carota 4039 0.1 0.1 0.1 mg/100 g Wild celery Type 1 specific Apium graveolens 4045 0.016833 0.047 0.00175 mg/100 g Yam Type 1 specific Dioscorea 4672 0.0 0.0 0.0 mg/100 g Yellow bell pepper Type 1 specific Capsicum annuum 4072 0.074734 0.2775 0.0 mg/100 g Yellow zucchini Type 1 specific Cucurbita pepo var. cylindrica 0.00975 0.017 0.0044 mg/100 g Ymer Type 2 specific 0.000875 0.00175 0.0 mg/100 g Yogurt Type 2 specific 0.002455 0.0111 0.001 mg/100 g 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase Q9BV57 ADI1 Allergenic 43 A chemical compound which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy. Anti-adrenalinic 90 Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter. Anti-cirrhotic 187 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. Insulin-sparing 1043