<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:10:49 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-19 00:20:52 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB013636</accession>
  <name>Amygdalin</name>
  <description>Amygdalin is a bitter glycoside of the Rosaceae, found in sources such as kernels of cherries, peaches and apricots. Present in cold pressed bitter almond oil from the these sources prior to enzymic hydolysis and steam distillation for food use. Amygdalin can also be found in passion fruit.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(-)-d-mandelonitrile beta-d-gentiobioside</synonym>
    <synonym>(r)-amygdalin</synonym>
    <synonym>(r)-amygdaloside</synonym>
    <synonym>(r)-laenitrile</synonym>
    <synonym>Amygdalin</synonym>
    <synonym>Amygdaloside</synonym>
    <synonym>D-amygdalin</synonym>
    <synonym>D-mandelonitrile-beta-D-glucosido-6-beta-D-glucoside</synonym>
    <synonym>D(-)-mandelonitrile-&amp;beta;-d-gentiobioside</synonym>
    <synonym>D(-)-mandelonitrile-beta-d-gentiobioside</synonym>
    <synonym>D(-)-Mandelonitrile-β-D-gentiobioside</synonym>
    <synonym>Glucoprunasin</synonym>
    <synonym>Mandelonitrile gentiobioside</synonym>
    <synonym>Mandelonitrile-&amp;beta;-gentiobioside</synonym>
    <synonym>Mandelonitrile-β-gentiobioside</synonym>
    <synonym>NSC 15780</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C20H27NO11</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>457.4285</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>457.158410711</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2-phenyl-2-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}acetonitrile</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>amygdalin</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>29883-15-6</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OCC1OC(OCC2OC(OC(C#N)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C(O)C1O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C20H27NO11/c21-6-10(9-4-2-1-3-5-9)30-20-18(28)16(26)14(24)12(32-20)8-29-19-17(27)15(25)13(23)11(7-22)31-19/h1-5,10-20,22-28H,7-8H2</inchi>
  <inchikey>XUCIJNAGGSZNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cyanogenic glycosides. These are glycosides in which the aglycone moiety contains a cyanide group.</description>
    <direct_parent>Cyanogenic glycosides</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic oxygen compounds</super_class>
    <class>Organooxygen compounds</class>
    <sub_class>Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Acetals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzene and substituted derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Disaccharides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Nitriles</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>O-glycosyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Polyols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Primary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Acetal</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonitrile</substituent>
      <substituent>Cyanogenic glycoside</substituent>
      <substituent>Disaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>Nitrile</substituent>
      <substituent>O-glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxane</substituent>
      <substituent>Polyol</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>a small molecule</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-1.29</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.11</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>3.53e+01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 214°</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-2.6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>11.91</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>2-phenyl-2-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}acetonitrile</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>457.4285</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>457.158410711</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>OCC1OC(OCC2OC(OC(C#N)C3=CC=CC=C3)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C(O)C1O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C20H27NO11</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C20H27NO11/c21-6-10(9-4-2-1-3-5-9)30-20-18(28)16(26)14(24)12(32-20)8-29-19-17(27)15(25)13(23)11(7-22)31-19/h1-5,10-20,22-28H,7-8H2</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>XUCIJNAGGSZNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>202.32</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>102.51</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>44.61</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>7</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>12</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>7</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129598</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129599</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129600</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129601</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129602</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129603</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129604</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129605</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129606</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129607</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129608</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129609</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129610</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129611</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129612</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129613</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129614</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129615</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129616</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>129617</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>297298</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>297299</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>297300</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>338788</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>338789</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>338790</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236119</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236145</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2237270</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2238256</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2239308</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2240278</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2241442</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2242306</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2243543</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2244846</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2249021</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2249382</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2251062</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2251333</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2323747</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2323748</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2323749</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2615328</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2615329</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>14200</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>44142</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>116111</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>169672</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947609</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947610</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947611</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947612</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947613</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947614</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947615</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947616</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947617</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947618</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947619</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947620</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947621</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947622</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947623</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947624</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947625</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947626</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947627</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947628</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947629</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB35030</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>27613</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce33293888&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce332936d0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce33293518&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Almond</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Prunus dulcis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3755</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Apple</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Malus pumila</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>283210</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>990.0</average_value>
      <max_value>990.0</max_value>
      <min_value>990.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Apricot</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Prunus armeniaca</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>36596</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>8000.0</average_value>
      <max_value>8000.0</max_value>
      <min_value>8000.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Common chokecherry</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Prunus virginiana</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>133204</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>European plum</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Prunus domestica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3758</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>2500.0</average_value>
      <max_value>2500.0</max_value>
      <min_value>2500.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Fruits</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lima bean</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phaseolus lunatus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3884</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Loquat</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Eriobotrya japonica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>32224</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Passion fruit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Passiflora edulis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>78168</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Peach</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Prunus persica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3760</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>2637.5</average_value>
      <max_value>4275.0</max_value>
      <min_value>1000.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pear</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Pyrus communis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>23211</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Quince</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cydonia oblonga</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>36610</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>400.0</average_value>
      <max_value>400.0</max_value>
      <min_value>400.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sour cherry</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Prunus cerasus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>140311</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-inflammatory</name>
      <id>370</id>
      <definition>A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-spasmodic</name>
      <id>619</id>
      <definition>Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-tussive</name>
      <id>674</id>
      <definition>Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Bitter</name>
      <id>732</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cancer preventive</name>
      <id>754</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cyanogenic</name>
      <id>845</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Expectorant</name>
      <id>925</id>
      <definition>Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Toxic</name>
      <id>1371</id>
      <definition>A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof which causes the development of a pathological process.</definition>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
