<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:11:11 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2019-11-26 03:09:48 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB014297</accession>
  <name>(R)-Limonene</name>
  <description>Major constituent of oil of orange rind, dill oil, oil of cumin, bergamot, caraway, lemon balm and lemon. obtained comly. from orange oil on a large scale (ca. 50000 T/a). Flavouring agent. Nutriceutical with anticancer props. (R)-Limonene is found in many foods, some of which are citrus, nutmeg, guava, and cardamom.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(+)-(4R)-Limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-(r)-limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-1,8-para-Menthadiene</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-carvene</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-r-limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>(4R)-(+)-Limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>(4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene</synonym>
    <synonym>(4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene</synonym>
    <synonym>(4R)-1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene</synonym>
    <synonym>(4R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene</synonym>
    <synonym>(4R)-Limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>(d)-limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>(r)-(+)-limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-(+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene</synonym>
    <synonym>(r)-limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, (R)-</synonym>
    <synonym>4betaH-p-mentha-1,8-diene</synonym>
    <synonym>Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R)-</synonym>
    <synonym>Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-</synonym>
    <synonym>D-(+)-limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>D-1,8-p-Menthadiene</synonym>
    <synonym>D-limonen</synonym>
    <synonym>D-limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>d-p-Mentha-1,8-diene</synonym>
    <synonym>Dextro-limonene</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (R)-(+)-</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C10H16</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>136.234</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>136.125200512</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>α-limonene</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>5989-27-5</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC(=C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3/t10-/m0/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes.</description>
    <direct_parent>Menthane monoterpenoids</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Prenol lipids</class>
    <sub_class>Monoterpenoids</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Cycloalkenes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocyclic monoterpenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Cyclic olefin</substituent>
      <substituent>Cycloalkene</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic monoterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Olefin</substituent>
      <substituent>P-menthane monoterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Unsaturated hydrocarbon</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Cyclic monoterpenes</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Menthane monoterpenoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Menthane monoterpenoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>limonene</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Liquid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4.50</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-2.47</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>4.57e-01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>-74.3 oC</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>3.22</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>136.234</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>136.125200512</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CC(=C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C10H16</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3/t10-/m0/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>46.48</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>17.55</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1931</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1674</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6865</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>26804</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28502</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28807</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99850</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99851</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99852</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>103753</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>167667</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1996</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>3921</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>4200</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2382</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2383</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2384</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6021</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6022</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6023</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>250197</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>250198</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>250199</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>270135</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>270136</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>270137</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3053483</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3053484</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3053485</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3116352</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3116353</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3116354</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB04321</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>15382</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce318781b0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31877f80&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31877dc8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce31877c10&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Caraway</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Carum carvi</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>48032</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cardamom</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Elettaria cardamomum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>105181</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Carrot</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Daucus carota ssp. sativus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>79200</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cauliflower</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Brassica oleracea var. botrytis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3715</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Celery stalks</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Apium graveolens var. dulce</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>117781</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Citrus</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Dill</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anethum graveolens</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>40922</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>1769.4</average_value>
      <max_value>1769.4</max_value>
      <min_value>1769.4</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Fennel</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Foeniculum vulgare</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>48038</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Guava</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Psidium guajava</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>120290</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Herbs and Spices</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Hyssop</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Hyssopus officinalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>39324</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>5.0</average_value>
      <max_value>5.0</max_value>
      <min_value>5.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lemon</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus limon</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>2708</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Nutmeg</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Myristica fragrans</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>51089</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Parsley</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Petroselinum crispum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4043</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pepper (Spice)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Piper nigrum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>13216</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Peppermint</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Mentha X piperita</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>34256</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>87.5</average_value>
      <max_value>87.5</max_value>
      <min_value>87.5</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rosemary</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Rosmarinus officinalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>39367</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>4.6</average_value>
      <max_value>4.6</max_value>
      <min_value>4.6</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Star anise</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Illicium verum</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>124778</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sweet bay</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Laurus nobilis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>85223</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sweet orange</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus sinensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>2711</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Wild celery</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Apium graveolens</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4045</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
    <flavor>
      <name>citrus</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>fresh</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>lemon</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>mint</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>orange</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>sweet</name>
    </flavor>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti acetylcholinesterase</name>
      <id>76</id>
      <definition>An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-cancer</name>
      <id>159</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-melanomic</name>
      <id>425</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Antitumor</name>
      <id>672</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Antitumor promoter</name>
      <id>673</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Apoptotic</name>
      <id>704</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cancer preventive</name>
      <id>754</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Chemopreventive</name>
      <id>796</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Cytochrome-P450-2B1 inhibitor</name>
      <id>1191</id>
      <definition>An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the activity of cytochrome P450 involved in catalysis of organic substances.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Differentiator</name>
      <id>880</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Hypocholesterolemic</name>
      <id>1016</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Insecticide</name>
      <id>1040</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta.  In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Insectifuge</name>
      <id>1041</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta.  In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Litholytic</name>
      <id>1079</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Name</name>
      <id>936</id>
      <definition>A substance, extract, or preparation for diffusing or imparting an agreeable or attractive smell.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Nephrotoxic</name>
      <id>1148</id>
      <definition>A role played by a chemical compound exihibiting itself through the ability to induce damage to the kidney in animals.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Pesticide</name>
      <id>1210</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.</definition>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
