<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:11:14 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2019-11-26 03:09:56 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB014374</accession>
  <name>(-)-alpha-Pinene</name>
  <description>alpha-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature; 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil. </description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(-)-a-pinene</synonym>
    <synonym>(-)-alpha-Pinene</synonym>
    <synonym>(-)-α-pinene</synonym>
    <synonym>(1S,5S)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene</synonym>
    <synonym>(1S,5S)-a-Pinene</synonym>
    <synonym>(1S,5S)-alpha-Pinene</synonym>
    <synonym>(1S,5S)-α-pinene</synonym>
    <synonym>(1S)-(-)-a-Pinene</synonym>
    <synonym>(1S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene</synonym>
    <synonym>1S-(-)-a-pinene</synonym>
    <synonym>1S-a-Pinene</synonym>
    <synonym>1S,5S-(-)-alpha-Pinene</synonym>
    <synonym>a-pinene, (-)-</synonym>
    <synonym>L-a-pinene</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C10H16</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>136.234</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>136.125200512</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(1R,5R)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(+)-α-pinene</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>7785-26-4</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC1=CC[C@@H]2C[C@H]1C2(C)C</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-6-9(7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9-/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-RKDXNWHRSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other.</description>
    <direct_parent>Bicyclic monoterpenoids</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Prenol lipids</class>
    <sub_class>Monoterpenoids</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Cyclic olefins</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Polycyclic hydrocarbons</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Bicyclic monoterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Cyclic olefin</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Olefin</substituent>
      <substituent>Pinane monoterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Polycyclic hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Unsaturated hydrocarbon</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Bicyclic monoterpenoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Bicyclic monoterpenoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Cyclic monoterpenes</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>alpha-pinene</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Liquid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.66</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-2.94</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>1.58e-01 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>-62 oC</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>2.8</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(1R,5R)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>136.234</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>136.125200512</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CC1=CC[C@@H]2C[C@H]1C2(C)C</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C10H16</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-7-4-5-8-6-9(7)10(8,2)3/h4,8-9H,5-6H2,1-3H3/t8-,9-/m1/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-RKDXNWHRSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>44.72</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>17.22</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>18251</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>27997</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>101742</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>171811</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>49719</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>49720</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>49721</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>121791</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>121792</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>121793</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2283559</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2283560</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2283561</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3086014</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3086015</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3086016</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB35658</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>28660</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x00005577b88b3550&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Almond</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Prunus dulcis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3755</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Anatidae</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anatidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8830</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Beefalo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bos taurus X Bison bison</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>297284</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Bison</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bison bison</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9901</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Buffalo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bubalus bubalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>89462</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Carrot</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Daucus carota ssp. sativus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>79200</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cattle (Beef, Veal)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bos taurus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9913</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Chicken</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Gallus gallus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9031</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Columba</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8930</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Deer</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cervidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9850</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Domestic goat</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>Animal</category>
      <name_scientific>Capra aegagrus hircus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9925</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Domestic pig</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>Animal</category>
      <name_scientific>Sus scrofa domesticus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9825</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Elk</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cervus canadensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>1574408</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Emu</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Dromaius novaehollandiae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8790</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>European rabbit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Oryctolagus cuniculus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9984</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Greylag goose</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anser anser</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8843</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Guinea hen</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Numida meleagris</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8996</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Horse</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Equus caballus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9796</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mallard duck</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anas platyrhynchos</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8839</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Milk (Cow)</name>
      <food_type>Type 2</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific></name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
      <average_value>0.00063</average_value>
      <max_value>0.000983</max_value>
      <min_value>0.000378</min_value>
      <unit>uM</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mountain hare</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lepus timidus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>62621</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mule deer</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Odocoileus hemionus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9871</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Ostrich</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Struthio camelus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8801</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pheasant</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phasianus colchicus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9054</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Quail</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phasianidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9005</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rabbit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Leporidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9979</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rock ptarmigan</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lagopus muta</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>64668</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sheep (Mutton, Lamb)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Ovis aries</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9940</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Squab</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Columba</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8931</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sweet bay</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Laurus nobilis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>85223</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Turkey</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Meleagris gallopavo</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9103</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Velvet duck</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Melanitta fusca</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>371864</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Wild boar</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Sus scrofa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9823</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
    <flavor>
      <name>fresh</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>pine</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>resinous</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>sharp</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>warm</name>
    </flavor>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
