<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:11:26 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-19 00:49:07 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB014715</accession>
  <name>Limonin</name>
  <description>Isolated from oranges and other citrus fruits (Citrus subspecies).

Limonin is a limonoid, and a bitter, white, crystalline substance found in orange and lemon seeds. It is also known as limonoate D-ring-lactone and limonoic acid di-delta-lactone. Chemically, it is a member of the class of compounds known as furanolactones.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>7,16-Dioxo-7,16-dideoxylimondiol</synonym>
    <synonym>Citrolimonin</synonym>
    <synonym>Dictamnolactone</synonym>
    <synonym>Evodia fruit</synonym>
    <synonym>Evodia fruit (JP15)</synonym>
    <synonym>Evodia fruit (TN)</synonym>
    <synonym>Evodin</synonym>
    <synonym>Evodine?</synonym>
    <synonym>Limone?</synonym>
    <synonym>Limonoate d-ring-lactone</synonym>
    <synonym>limonoic acid 3,19:16,17-dilactone</synonym>
    <synonym>Limonoic acid, di-delta-lactone</synonym>
    <synonym>Obaculactone</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C26H30O8</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>470.5116</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>470.194067936</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>19-(furan-3-yl)-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.0²,⁷.0²,¹⁰.0¹⁴,¹⁶.0¹⁴,²⁰]docosane-5,12,17-trione</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>limonin</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>1180-71-8</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC1(C)OC2CC(=O)OCC22C1CC(=O)C1(C)C2CCC2(C)C(OC(=O)C3OC123)C1=COC=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C26H30O8/c1-22(2)15-9-16(27)24(4)14(25(15)12-31-18(28)10-17(25)33-22)5-7-23(3)19(13-6-8-30-11-13)32-21(29)20-26(23,24)34-20/h6,8,11,14-15,17,19-20H,5,7,9-10,12H2,1-4H3</inchi>
  <inchikey>KBDSLGBFQAGHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as limonoids. These are highly oxygenated, modified terpenoids with a prototypical structure either containing or derived from a precursor with a 4,4,8-trimethyl-17-furanylsteroid skeleton. All naturally occurring citrus limonoids contain a furan ring attached to the D-ring, at C-17, as well as oxygen containing functional groups at C-3, C-4, C-7, C-16 and C-17.</description>
    <direct_parent>Limonoids</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Prenol lipids</class>
    <sub_class>Triterpenoids</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1,4-dioxepanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>11-oxosteroids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acid esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Delta valerolactones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dialkyl ethers</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Epoxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Furans</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Heteroaromatic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Ketones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Naphthalenes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Naphthopyrans</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyrans</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Steroid lactones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetrahydrofurans</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1,4-dioxepane</substituent>
      <substituent>11-oxosteroid</substituent>
      <substituent>2-oxosteroid</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Delta valerolactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Delta_valerolactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Dialkyl ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Dioxepane</substituent>
      <substituent>Ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Furan</substituent>
      <substituent>Heteroaromatic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Lactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Limonoid skeleton</substituent>
      <substituent>Naphthalene</substituent>
      <substituent>Naphthopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxane</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxirane</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxosteroid</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Steroid</substituent>
      <substituent>Steroid lactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetrahydrofuran</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>a small molecule</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.47</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-3.77</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>7.99e-02 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 298°</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>2.46</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>17.61</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3.1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>19-(furan-3-yl)-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.0²,⁷.0²,¹⁰.0¹⁴,¹⁶.0¹⁴,²⁰]docosane-5,12,17-trione</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>470.5116</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>470.194067936</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CC1(C)OC2CC(=O)OCC22C1CC(=O)C1(C)C2CCC2(C)C(OC(=O)C3OC123)C1=COC=C1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C26H30O8</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C26H30O8/c1-22(2)15-9-16(27)24(4)14(25(15)12-31-18(28)10-17(25)33-22)5-7-23(3)19(13-6-8-30-11-13)32-21(29)20-26(23,24)34-20/h6,8,11,14-15,17,19-20H,5,7,9-10,12H2,1-4H3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>KBDSLGBFQAGHBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>104.57</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>114.72</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>47.86</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>11021</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>150448</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>290305</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>290306</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>290307</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>329956</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>329957</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>329958</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2829886</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2829887</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2829888</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2852533</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2852534</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2852535</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB35921</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id>16226</chebi_id>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce319df580&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce319df3c8&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Citrus</name>
      <food_type>Unknown</food_type>
      <category>generic</category>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Grapefruit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus X paradisi</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>37656</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lemon</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus limon</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>2708</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus reticulata</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>85571</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sour orange</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category/>
      <name_scientific>Citrus × aurantium</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sweet orange</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Citrus sinensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>2711</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
    <flavor>
      <name>bitter</name>
    </flavor>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti cataleptic</name>
      <id>167</id>
      <definition>Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti feedant</name>
      <id>275</id>
      <definition/>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti leukemic</name>
      <id>393</id>
      <definition>A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Anti-malarial</name>
      <id>416</id>
      <definition>A substance that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans.</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Pesticide</name>
      <id>1210</id>
      <definition>Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.</definition>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
