| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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| Acaricide | 22153 | An agent that kills mites and ticks, used to control infestations and prevent diseases like scabies and tick-borne illnesses. Therapeutically, acaricides are applied topically or systemically to treat parasitic infections, reducing discomfort and preventing disease transmission. Key medical uses include treating acariasis, demodectic mange, and tick paralysis. | DUKE | | Allergenic | 50904 | A substance that triggers an immune response, causing allergic reactions. Its biological role is to stimulate the immune system, but it has no therapeutic applications. Key medical uses include diagnosing allergies and developing immunotherapies to desensitize patients to specific allergens, reducing the risk of severe reactions. | DUKE | | Analgesic | 35480 | An agent that relieves pain by reducing or blocking pain signals in the brain, commonly used to manage acute or chronic pain, inflammation, and fever, with therapeutic applications in surgery, injury, and disease treatment. | DUKE | | Ancylostomicide | | An agent that destroys Ancylostoma genus of nematodes, used to treat hookworm infections, reducing intestinal parasite load and alleviating associated symptoms such as anemia and malnutrition. | DUKE | | Anesthetic | | A drug that induces a reversible loss of sensation, used to prevent pain and discomfort during medical procedures, surgeries, and diagnostic tests, promoting patient comfort and facilitating treatment. | DUKE | | Ankylostomacide | 52217 | An agent that kills hookworms, used to treat ankylostomiasis (hookworm infection), reducing intestinal parasitic load and alleviating symptoms such as anemia and weight loss. | DUKE | | Anti-helmintic | 33281 | An agent that kills or expels parasitic worms, treating helminthic infections. Therapeutically, it targets intestinal parasites, reducing infection symptoms. Key medical uses include treating roundworm, hookworm, and tapeworm infections. | DUKE | | Anti-acne | 50177 | An agent that reduces acne symptoms, commonly used in managing acne vulgaris by minimizing oil production, preventing clogged pores, and decreasing bacterial growth, thereby reducing inflammation and promoting healthy skin. | DUKE | | Anti-aggregant | | An agent that prevents platelet aggregation, reducing blood clot formation. Its biological role is to inhibit platelet activation, and its therapeutic applications include preventing thrombosis and stroke. Key medical uses include treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation, and managing conditions that increase the risk of blood clots. | DUKE | | Anti-Alzheimeran | 52217 | An agent that inhibits the progression of Alzheimer's disease, reducing beta-amyloid plaque formation and neuroinflammation. Therapeutically, it improves cognitive function and memory, commonly used in managing mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. | DUKE | | Anti-arthritic | 52217 | An agent that reduces joint inflammation and alleviates symptoms of arthritis, commonly used in managing rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other inflammatory joint disorders, to improve mobility and quality of life. | DUKE | | Anti-atherosclerotic | 38070 | An agent that prevents or slows the formation of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by plaque buildup in arteries. It reduces inflammation, improves lipid profiles, and inhibits platelet aggregation, commonly used to manage cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, and prevent heart attacks and strokes. | DUKE | | Anti bacterial | 33282 | An agent that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria, playing a crucial role in preventing and treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, with key medical applications including treating pneumonia, tuberculosis, and skin infections, as well as preventing surgical site infections and sepsis. | DUKE | | Anti-bronchitic | 52217 | An agent that relieves bronchial congestion and inflammation, commonly used in managing respiratory disorders such as bronchitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to reduce coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. | DUKE | | Anti cariogenic | 52217 | An agent that prevents tooth decay, reducing bacterial acid production and plaque formation. Its biological role is to inhibit the growth of cariogenic bacteria, and its therapeutic applications include preventing dental caries and managing tooth decay. Key medical uses include toothpaste, mouthwashes, and dental varnishes to maintain oral health. | DUKE | | Anti cholinesterase | 37733 | An agent that inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels, and enhancing cholinergic transmission. Therapeutically, it's used to treat myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, and Alzheimer's disease, improving muscle strength, reducing eye pressure, and enhancing cognitive function. | DUKE | | Anti halitosic | | An agent that relieves bad breath, targeting volatile sulfur compounds, and reducing oral bacteria. Therapeutically, it freshens breath, prevents mouth odor, and is commonly used in oral care products, such as mouthwashes and toothpastes, to manage halitosis. | DUKE | | Anti-herpetic | 22587 | An agent that inhibits the replication of herpes viruses, reducing symptoms and severity of infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, commonly used in managing genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles. | DUKE | | Anti-inflammatory | 35472 | An agent that reduces inflammation, playing a biological role in suppressing immune responses and therapeutic applications in managing pain, swelling, and redness. Key medical uses include treating arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders, as well as relieving symptoms of conditions such as asthma and dermatitis. | DUKE | | Anti-lepric | 33282 | An agent that combats leprosy, a chronic bacterial infection. It plays a biological role in inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium leprae, reducing inflammation and nerve damage. Therapeutically, anti-leprics are used to treat leprosy, preventing disability and disfigurement, with key medical uses including multidrug therapy regimens to cure the disease. | DUKE | | Anti-melanomic | 35610 | An agent that inhibits melanin production, reducing melanoma cell growth. It has therapeutic applications in treating skin cancers, particularly melanoma, and key medical uses include preventing tumor progression and metastasis, as well as managing pigmentation disorders. | DUKE | | Anti neuritic | 52217 | An agent that protects nerve tissue, reducing inflammation and promoting nerve regeneration. It plays a biological role in maintaining nerve health and has therapeutic applications in treating conditions such as neuritis, neuralgia, and neuropathy, with key medical uses including pain management and nerve damage repair. | DUKE | | Anti-oxidant | 22586 | An agent that neutralizes free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and cell damage. Its biological role involves protecting cells from harm, and it has therapeutic applications in managing chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, with key medical uses including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and cardio protective effects. | DUKE | | Anti periodontic | | An agent that prevents or treats periodontal disease, reducing inflammation and infection in the gums and supporting tissues of the teeth, commonly used in managing periodontitis, gingivitis, and promoting oral health. | DUKE | | Anti-plaque | | An agent that removes or prevents the formation of dental plaque, a biofilm of bacteria, to prevent tooth decay and gum disease, commonly used in oral care products and therapeutic applications for periodontal health. | DUKE | | Anti radicular | | An agent that relieves inflammation or irritation of the nerve root of a tooth, reducing pain and discomfort. Its biological role is to target and alleviate radicular pain, with therapeutic applications in endodontics and key medical uses in root canal treatments and tooth sensitivity management. | DUKE | | Anti-rheumatic | 52217 | An agent that reduces inflammation and alleviates symptoms of rheumatic diseases, such as arthritis. It plays a biological role in modulating the immune system and inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways. Therapeutically, anti-rheumatics are used to manage conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and osteoarthritis, reducing pain, swelling, and joint damage. Key medical uses include slowing disease progression and improving quality of life for patients with chronic rheumatic conditions. | DUKE | | Anti-salmonella | 33282 | An agent that targets and eliminates Salmonella bacteria, reducing the risk of food poisoning and gastrointestinal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat salmonellosis, a disease caused by Salmonella infection, and to prevent outbreaks in high-risk individuals, such as those with weakened immune systems. | DUKE | | Anti septic | 33281 | An agent that prevents or reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses, to promote wound healing and prevent infection. Therapeutically, anti septics are used to treat minor cuts, scrapes, and burns, and are commonly applied topically to reduce the risk of infection and promote tissue repair. Key medical uses include wound care, surgical site preparation, and skin infection management. | DUKE | | Anti-spasmodic | 52217 | An agent that relaxes smooth muscle, reducing muscle spasms and cramps. It plays a biological role in regulating muscle tone and is therapeutically applied to treat conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual cramps, and muscle spasms, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE | | Anti-staphylococcic | 33282 | An agent that combats Staphylococcus infections, playing a crucial role in preventing bacterial growth. Therapeutically, it is used to treat skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory tract infections, and bloodstream infections. Key medical uses include treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other staphylococcal infections, reducing the risk of infection and promoting wound healing. | DUKE | | Anti-streptococcic | 33282 | An agent that targets and combats Streptococcus bacteria, reducing infection and inflammation. Therapeutically, it is used to treat streptococcal infections, such as strep throat and skin infections, and to prevent complications like rheumatic fever. | DUKE | | Anti-trichinosic | 33281 | An agent that treats trichinosis, a parasitic infection caused by Trichinella spiralis. It kills or expels the parasite, reducing symptoms and preventing complications. Therapeutically, it's used to manage trichinosis, often in combination with other medications, to alleviate muscle pain, fever, and gastrointestinal issues. Key medical uses include treating infected individuals and preventing disease progression. | DUKE | | Anti-tussive | 52217 | An agent that suppresses coughing, reducing the frequency and severity of coughs. It works by targeting the brain's cough center, providing therapeutic relief for dry, irritating coughs. Key medical uses include managing coughs associated with colds, flu, and other respiratory conditions. | DUKE | | Ataxigenic | | An agent that induces ataxia, or loss of muscle coordination. Its biological role involves disrupting motor control pathways. Therapeutically, ataxigenic agents have limited applications, but may be used in research to study motor disorders or as a potential treatment for conditions like dystonia, where intentional disruption of abnormal motor patterns is desired. Key medical uses are primarily experimental, with potential applications in neurology and movement disorder research. | DUKE | | Candidicide | | An agent that kills Candida species, such as Candida albicans, reducing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat candidiasis, with key medical applications in managing oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, and other fungal diseases. | DUKE | | Carminative | | An agent that prevents or relieves gas in the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating its expulsion and combating flatulence, commonly used to soothe digestive issues and alleviate symptoms of bloating and discomfort. | DUKE | | Counterirritant | | An agent that induces mild irritation or inflammation in one area to reduce discomfort and/or inflammation in another, often used to relieve pain, reduce swelling, and promote healing in conditions like arthritis, sprains, and strains. | DUKE | | Culicide | | An agent that destroys mosquitoes, playing a crucial role in preventing the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Its therapeutic applications include vector control, and key medical uses include preventing malaria, dengue fever, and Zika virus transmission. | DUKE | | Cyclooxygenase inhibitor | 35544 | An agent that blocks the activity of cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing inflammation and pain. Therapeutically, it is used to treat conditions such as arthritis, headaches, and menstrual cramps, by decreasing prostaglandin production, a key mediator of inflammation. | DUKE | | Dentifrice | | An agent used with a toothbrush to clean and polish teeth, playing a key role in oral hygiene. Therapeutically, it helps prevent plaque, tartar, and gingivitis. Medically, dentifrice is used to maintain oral health, freshen breath, and remove surface stains, promoting overall dental well-being. | DUKE | | Deodorant | | A substance that removes or conceals unpleasant smells, especially bodily odors, playing a hygienic role in reducing sweat-induced bacteria growth, with therapeutic applications in managing body odor disorders, and key medical uses in treating hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis. | DUKE | | Dermatitigenic | | An agent that causes inflammation of the skin (dermatitis), triggering allergic reactions and immune responses. Its biological role involves activating immune cells, leading to skin irritation. Therapeutically, it is used to test skin sensitivity and develop treatments for dermatitis. Key medical uses include diagnosing skin allergies and researching dermatitis treatments. | DUKE | | Enterorelaxant | | An agent that reduces or inhibits the movement of intestinal muscles, relieving spasms and cramps. Therapeutically, it's used to treat irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal disorders, providing relief from abdominal pain and discomfort. | DUKE | | Enterotoxic | 52209 | A substance that induces intestinal secretion and diarrhea, often used to study gastrointestinal function. Its biological role involves stimulating intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion. Therapeutically, enterotoxic agents have applications in treating constipation and bowel obstruction, with key medical uses including laxative and bowel preparation formulations. | DUKE | | Expectorant | 52217 | An agent that thins and loosens mucus, making it easier to cough up, reducing congestion. It aids in clearing respiratory tract secretions, commonly used to relieve coughs, colds, and bronchitis, promoting easier breathing and soothing irritated airways. | DUKE | | Name | 48318 | flavor | DUKE | | Fungicide | 24127 | An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of fungi, playing a biological role in preventing fungal infections. Therapeutically, it is used to treat fungal diseases, with key medical applications including athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis, as well as agricultural uses to protect crops from fungal damage. | DUKE | | Gastroirritant | | A substance that causes irritation to the stomach lining, leading to discomfort and potential injury. It has no therapeutic applications, but understanding its effects can help manage gastrointestinal disorders, such as ulcers and acid reflux, by avoiding trigger foods. | DUKE | | Gram(+)icide | 33282 | An agent that targets and kills Gram-positive bacteria, playing a crucial role in treating bacterial infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat infections caused by Gram-positive microorganisms, with key medical applications including treating skin infections, pneumonia, and sepsis. | DUKE | | Gram(-)icide | 33282 | An agent that kills Gram-negative bacteria, playing a crucial role in treating infections. Therapeutically, it is used to combat bacterial infections, particularly those resistant to other antibiotics. Key medical uses include treating sepsis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. | DUKE | | Insecticide | 24852 | An agent that kills or repels insects, used to control pests and prevent disease transmission. Therapeutically, insecticides have applications in public health and veterinary medicine, key medical uses include controlling insect-borne diseases such as malaria, typhus, and Lyme disease. | DUKE | | Insectifuge | 24852 | A substance that repels insects, playing a biological role in plant defense. Therapeutically, it has applications in preventing insect-borne diseases. Key medical uses include topical repellents for malaria, dengue fever, and other vector-borne illnesses, reducing the risk of transmission. | DUKE | | Irritant | | An agent that causes slight inflammation or discomfort, stimulating a biological response. Therapeutically, it can be used to increase blood flow or stimulate healing. Key medical uses include treating wounds, skin conditions, and respiratory issues, such as congestion, by inducing a mild inflammatory response to promote recovery. | DUKE | | Larvicide | | An insecticide that targets the larval life stage of insects, preventing their development into adults. Its biological role is to control insect populations, and its therapeutic applications include managing mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, as well as controlling pest infestations in agriculture and public health. | DUKE | | Molluscicide | 33904 | An agent that kills mollusks, particularly snails and slugs, playing a key role in controlling vectors of parasitic diseases. Therapeutically, it is used to prevent the spread of schistosomiasis and other snail-borne diseases, with medical applications in public health and epidemiology. | DUKE | | Myorelaxant | | An agent that reduces muscle contractility by blocking nerve impulses or decreasing motor end plate excitability, used therapeutically to relieve muscle spasms, tension, and pain, commonly in managing musculoskeletal disorders, anxiety, and insomnia. | DUKE | | Nematicide | 25491 | An agent that kills nematodes, a type of parasitic worm, used to control infestations in crops and animals, with therapeutic applications in veterinary medicine to treat parasitic infections and promote livestock health. | DUKE | | Perfumery | 48318 | The art of creating fragrances, playing a biological role in emotional and sensory stimulation. Therapeutically, perfumery has applications in aromatherapy, reducing stress and anxiety. Key medical uses include mood enhancement, pain management, and promoting relaxation, with certain scents exhibiting anti-anxiety and anti-depressant properties. | DUKE | | Pesticide | 25944 | An agent that kills or repels pests, playing a biological role in controlling insect, weed, and fungal populations. Therapeutically, pesticides have limited applications, but some are used to treat ectoparasitic infestations, such as lice and scabies. Key medical uses include topical treatments for head lice and scabies, highlighting their role in managing parasitic infections. | DUKE | | Sedative | 35717 | An agent that calms nervous activity, reducing anxiety and inducing relaxation. Its biological role is to slow down brain function, promoting sleep and relieving stress. Therapeutically, sedatives are used to manage insomnia, anxiety disorders, and seizures, as well as to prepare patients for medical procedures. | DUKE | | Sprout inhibitor | 35222 | A plant growth regulator that suppresses seed germination and sprouting, used to extend shelf life of stored potatoes and other tubers. Therapeutically, it has applications in cancer treatment, inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor growth. Key medical uses include anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic therapies. | DUKE | | Tracheorelaxant | | An agent that relaxes tracheal smooth muscle, easing breathing by reducing airway resistance, commonly used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | DUKE | | Trichomonicide | | An agent that kills Trichomonas organisms, used to treat Trichomonas vaginalis infections, commonly causing vaginitis, and other related genital tract infections. | DUKE | | Urinary antiseptic | | An agent that prevents the growth of microorganisms in urine, reducing the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Therapeutically, it helps manage and prevent UTIs, commonly used to treat conditions such as cystitis and pyelonephritis. | DUKE | | Varroacide | | An agent that kills parasitic mites, primarily used to control Varroa mite infestations in bee colonies, promoting bee health and preventing colony collapse. | DUKE | | Vermicide | | An agent that kills worms, playing a biological role in parasite control. Therapeutically, it is used to treat worm infestations, with key medical applications including the treatment of intestinal worms, hookworms, and other parasitic infections. | DUKE |
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