<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:11:31 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-09-17 15:30:22 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB014884</accession>
  <name>Safranal</name>
  <description>Safranal belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic oxides which contain an oxide group. Safranal is a neutral compound. Safranal is a component of saffron (PMID: 28705037), the spice made from drying the stigmas and styles of crocus flowers (Crocus sativus). Safranal, the constituent primarily responsible for the aroma of saffron, has a sweet, fresh, and herbal taste and is a flavouring ingredient. Safranal has been detected in cauliflowers, cumin seeds, elderberry, figs, lemon, rooibos, saffrons, wolfberry, and tea leaf making safranal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Safranal is an effective anticonvulsant (PMID: 29609687) shown to act as an agonist at the¬†gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)A-benzodiazepine receptor complex (PMID: 16707256). Safranal also exhibits high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity (PMID: 16317646), along with cytotoxicity towards cancer cells in vitro (PMID: 8620447). It has also been shown to have antidepressant properties (PMID: 15341662).</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)methanal</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Formyl-2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1,3-Trimethyl-2-formylcyclohexa-2,4-diene</synonym>
    <synonym>1,3-Cyclohexadiene-1-carboxaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl-</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Dihydro-2,2,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadienal</synonym>
    <synonym>2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carbaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadienecarboxaldehyde, 9CI</synonym>
    <synonym>2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienyl methanal</synonym>
    <synonym>Dehydro-b-cyclocitral</synonym>
    <synonym>Dehydro-beta-cyclocitral</synonym>
    <synonym>dehydro-β-cyclocitral</synonym>
    <synonym>FEMA 3389</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C10H14O</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>150.2176</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>150.10446507</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carbaldehyde</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>safranal</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>116-26-7</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC1=C(C=O)C(C)(C)CC=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C10H14O/c1-8-5-4-6-10(2,3)9(8)7-11/h4-5,7H,6H2,1-3H3</inchi>
  <inchikey>SGAWOGXMMPSZPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic oxides. These are organic compounds containing an oxide group.</description>
    <direct_parent>Organic oxides</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic oxygen compounds</super_class>
    <class>Organic oxides</class>
    <sub_class/>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Aldehydes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aldehyde</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>an apocarotenoid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>monoterpenoid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>2.93</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-2.04</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>1.36e+00 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>&lt; 25 oC</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>2.05</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-4.3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carbaldehyde</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>150.2176</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>150.10446507</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CC1=C(C=O)C(C)(C)CC=C1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C10H14O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C10H14O/c1-8-5-4-6-10(2,3)9(8)7-11/h4-5,7H,6H2,1-3H3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>SGAWOGXMMPSZPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>17.07</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>48.22</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>17.32</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>7070</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>7071</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>12139</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>136548</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>144282</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>93756</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>93757</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>93758</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>157587</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>157588</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>157589</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2800108</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2800109</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2800110</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2878112</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2878113</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2878114</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB36061</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce32673b70&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce326739b8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce326737d8&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Black tea</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category/>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cauliflower</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Brassica oleracea var. botrytis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3715</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Fig</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Ficus carica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3494</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Green tea</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category/>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Herbal tea</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category/>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Red tea</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category/>
      <name_scientific/>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id/>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Saffron</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Crocus sativus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>82528</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Tea</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Camellia sinensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4442</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
    <flavor>
      <name>fresh</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>herb</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>herbal</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>metallic</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>phenolic</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>rosemary</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>spicy</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>sweet</name>
    </flavor>
    <flavor>
      <name>tobacco</name>
    </flavor>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
