<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2010-04-08 22:12:28 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-19 01:47:25 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB016491</accession>
  <name>Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside</name>
  <description>5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-4h-chromen-4-one is a member of the class of compounds known as flavonoid-3-o-glycosides. Flavonoid-3-o-glycosides are phenolic compounds containing a flavonoid moiety which is O-glycosidically linked to carbohydrate moiety at the C3-position. 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-4h-chromen-4-one is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-4h-chromen-4-one can be found in a number of food items such as endive, linden, peach, and ginkgo nuts, which makes 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-4h-chromen-4-one a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. </description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>3-O-a-L-Rhamnopyranosyloxy-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone-3-L-rhamnoside</synonym>
    <synonym>Afzelin</synonym>
    <synonym>Afzeloside</synonym>
    <synonym>Kaempferin</synonym>
    <synonym>Kaempferol 3-a-L-rhamnoside</synonym>
    <synonym>kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside</synonym>
    <synonym>kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C21H20O10</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>432.3775</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>432.10564686</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-4H-chromen-4-one</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]chromen-4-one</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>482-39-3</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC1OC(OC2=C(OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C2=O)C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C(O)C(O)C1O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C21H20O10/c1-8-15(25)17(27)18(28)21(29-8)31-20-16(26)14-12(24)6-11(23)7-13(14)30-19(20)9-2-4-10(22)5-3-9/h2-8,15,17-18,21-25,27-28H,1H3</inchi>
  <inchikey>SOSLMHZOJATCCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as angular pyranocoumarins. These are organic compounds containing a pyran (or a hydrogenated derivative) angularly fused to a coumarin moiety.</description>
    <direct_parent>Angular pyranocoumarins</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Phenylpropanoids and polyketides</super_class>
    <class>Coumarins and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Pyranocoumarins</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyrans</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alkyl aryl ethers</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alkyl chlorides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Aryl alkyl ketones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Chromones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Heteroaromatic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Lactones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organochlorides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyranochromenes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyranones and derivatives</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl aryl ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl chloride</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl halide</substituent>
      <substituent>Angular pyranocoumarin</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Aryl alkyl ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Aryl ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Chromane</substituent>
      <substituent>Chromone</substituent>
      <substituent>Ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Heteroaromatic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Lactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organochloride</substituent>
      <substituent>Organohalogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyranochromene</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyranone</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state/>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.48</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-2.45</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>1.55e+00 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>Mp 172-174°</value>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>1.21</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>6.37</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3.6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]-4H-chromen-4-one</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>432.3775</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>432.10564686</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CC1OC(OC2=C(OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C2=O)C2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C(O)C(O)C1O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C21H20O10</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C21H20O10/c1-8-15(25)17(27)18(28)21(29-8)31-20-16(26)14-12(24)6-11(23)7-13(14)30-19(20)9-2-4-10(22)5-3-9/h2-8,15,17-18,21-25,27-28H,1H3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>SOSLMHZOJATCCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>166.14</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>105.75</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>41.48</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>10</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>6</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>52251</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>65862</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>116356</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>116878</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>129041</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>165202</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>81549</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>81550</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>81551</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>142671</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>142672</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>142673</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2226523</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2228170</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2228969</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2229175</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2229321</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2229614</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2229878</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2230157</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2230265</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2230494</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2231270</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2232912</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2233624</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2235340</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2235683</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236269</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2237098</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2237698</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2239911</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Common hazelnut</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Corylus avellana</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>13451</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Endive</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cichorium endivia</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>114280</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.079301</average_value>
      <max_value>0.158601388</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Ginkgo nuts</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Ginkgo biloba</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3311</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Kiwi</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Actinidia chinensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3625</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.004833</average_value>
      <max_value>0.008</max_value>
      <min_value>0.001666667</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Lettuce</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lactuca sativa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>4236</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
      <average_value>0.0</average_value>
      <max_value>0.0</max_value>
      <min_value>0.0</min_value>
      <unit>mg/100 g</unit>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Linden</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Tilia</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>64580</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Peach</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Prunus persica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>3760</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Aldose reductase inhibitor</name>
      <id>40</id>
      <definition>An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.21).</definition>
    </health_effect>
    <health_effect>
      <name>Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor</name>
      <id>18</id>
      <definition>An EC 3.4.15.* (peptidyl-dipeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidyl-dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1).</definition>
    </health_effect>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
