1.0 2011-09-21 00:09:31 UTC 2015-10-09 22:32:38 UTC FDB022172 L-Thyronine Iodide is actively absorbed from the bloodstream and concentrated in the thyroid follicles. (If there is a deficiency of dietary iodine, the thyroid enlarges in an attempt to trap more iodine, resulting in goitre.) Via a reaction with the enzyme thyroperoxidase, iodine is covalently bound to tyrosine residues in the thyroglobulin molecules, forming monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT). Linking two moieties of DIT produces thyroxine. Combining one particle of MIT and one particle of DIT produces triiodothyronine. The thyronamines function via some unknown mechanism to inhibit neuronal activity; this plays an important role in the hibernation cycles of mammals. One effect of administering the thyronamines is a severe drop in body temperature. Both T3 and T4 are used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency (hypothyroidism). They are both absorbed well by the gut, so can be given orally. Levothyroxine, the most commonly used synthetic thyroxine form, is a stereoisomer of physiological thyroxine, which is metabolised more slowly and hence usually only needs once-daily administration. Natural desiccated thyroid hormones, which are derived from pig thyroid glands, are a "natural" hypothyroid treatment containing 20% T3 and traces of T2, T1 and calcitonin. A group of metabolites derived from thyroxine and triiodothyronine via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms. [HMDB] 4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)-L-phenylalanine b-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)phenylalanine beta-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)phenylalanine Desiodothyroxine L-Thyronine O-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-L-tyrosine O-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)tyrosine Thyronine C15H15NO4 273.2839 273.100107973 (2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]propanoic acid thyronine 1596-67-4 N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(OC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C=C1)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C15H15NO4/c16-14(15(18)19)9-10-1-5-12(6-2-10)20-13-7-3-11(17)4-8-13/h1-8,14,17H,9,16H2,(H,18,19)/t14-/m0/s1 KKCIOUWDFWQUBT-AWEZNQCLSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Phenylalanine and derivatives Organic compounds Organic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acids and derivatives Amino acids, peptides, and analogues Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids Amino acids Amphetamines and derivatives Aralkylamines Carbonyl compounds Carboxylic acids Diarylethers Diphenylethers Hydrocarbon derivatives L-alpha-amino acids Monoalkylamines Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Organic oxides Organopnictogen compounds Phenol ethers Phenoxy compounds Phenylpropanoic acids 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid 3-phenylpropanoic-acid Alpha-amino acid Amine Amino acid Amphetamine or derivatives Aralkylamine Aromatic homomonocyclic compound Benzenoid Carbonyl group Carboxylic acid Diaryl ether Diphenylether Ether Hydrocarbon derivative L-alpha-amino acid Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives Monocyclic benzene moiety Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Phenol Phenol ether Phenoxy compound Phenylalanine or derivatives Primary aliphatic amine Primary amine thyronine Solid logp -0.27 ALOGPS logs -3.73 ALOGPS solubility 5.03e-02 g/l ALOGPS logp 0.012 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 1.61 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 9.26 ChemAxon iupac (2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]propanoic acid ChemAxon average_mass 273.2839 ChemAxon mono_mass 273.100107973 ChemAxon smiles N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(OC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C=C1)C(O)=O ChemAxon formula C15H15NO4 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C15H15NO4/c16-14(15(18)19)9-10-1-5-12(6-2-10)20-13-7-3-11(17)4-8-13/h1-8,14,17H,9,16H2,(H,18,19)/t14-/m0/s1 ChemAxon inchikey KKCIOUWDFWQUBT-AWEZNQCLSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 92.78 ChemAxon refractivity 73.34 ChemAxon polarizability 27.72 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 5 ChemAxon acceptor_count 4 ChemAxon donor_count 3 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::NmrTwoD 1410 Specdb::NmrOneD 1465 Specdb::NmrOneD 166341 Specdb::NmrOneD 166558 Specdb::CMs 19159 Specdb::CMs 37684 Specdb::CMs 134217 Specdb::CMs 141951 Specdb::CMs 1072278 Specdb::CMs 1072280 Specdb::CMs 1072282 Specdb::CMs 1072284 Specdb::CMs 1072286 Specdb::CMs 1072288 Specdb::CMs 1072289 Specdb::CMs 1072291 Specdb::CMs 1072292 Specdb::CMs 1072294 Specdb::CMs 1072296 Specdb::CMs 1072298 Specdb::CMs 1072299 Specdb::MsMs 912 Specdb::MsMs 913 Specdb::MsMs 914 Specdb::MsMs 308569 Specdb::MsMs 308570 Specdb::MsMs 308571 Specdb::MsMs 352786 Specdb::MsMs 352787 Specdb::MsMs 352788 Specdb::MsMs 2750641 Specdb::MsMs 2750642 Specdb::MsMs 2750643 Specdb::MsMs 2927857 Specdb::MsMs 2927858 Specdb::MsMs 2927859 HMDB00667 #<Reference:0x000055ce32174c78> #<Reference:0x000055ce32174ac0> #<Reference:0x000055ce321748b8> #<Reference:0x000055ce321746b0> #<Reference:0x000055ce321744f8> #<Reference:0x000055ce321742f0> #<Reference:0x000055ce321740e8> Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 Beefalo Type 1 specific Bos taurus X Bison bison 297284 Bison Type 1 specific Bison bison 9901 Buffalo Type 1 specific Bubalus bubalis 89462 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 Deer Type 1 specific Cervidae 9850 Domestic goat Type 1 specific Capra aegagrus hircus 9925 Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 Elk Type 1 specific Cervus canadensis 1574408 Emu Type 1 specific Dromaius novaehollandiae 8790 European rabbit Type 1 specific Oryctolagus 9984 Greylag goose Type 1 specific Anser anser 8843 Guinea hen Type 1 specific Numida meleagris 8996 Horse Type 1 specific Equus caballus 9796 Mallard duck Type 1 specific Anas platyrhynchos 8839 Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 Mule deer Type 1 specific Odocoileus 9871 Ostrich Type 1 specific Struthio camelus 8801 Pheasant Type 1 specific Phasianus colchicus 9054 Quail Type 1 specific Phasianidae 9005 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 Squab Type 1 specific Columba 8931 Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Velvet duck Type 1 specific Melanitta fusca 371864 Wild boar Type 1 specific Sus scrofa 9823