<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2011-09-21 00:10:13 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2025-11-19 02:41:08 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB022215</accession>
  <name>Lactulose</name>
  <description>A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887) [HMDB]</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol</synonym>
    <synonym>4-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-D-Fructofuranose</synonym>
    <synonym>4-O-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructose</synonym>
    <synonym>4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-Fructofuranose</synonym>
    <synonym>4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-fructose</synonym>
    <synonym>4-O-beta-delta-galactopyranosyl-delta-Fructofuranose</synonym>
    <synonym>4-O-beta-delta-Galactopyranosyl-delta-fructose</synonym>
    <synonym>4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose</synonym>
    <synonym>4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-fructose</synonym>
    <synonym>Bifiteral</synonym>
    <synonym>Cephulac</synonym>
    <synonym>D-Lactulose</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-Lactulose</synonym>
    <synonym>Lactulosa</synonym>
    <synonym>Lactulose</synonym>
    <synonym>Lactulosum</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C12H22O11</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>342.2965</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>342.116211546</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>actilax</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>4618-18-2</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[H][C@]1(CO)OC(O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]1([H])O[C@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)7(17)8(18)11(21-4)22-9-5(2-14)23-12(20,3-15)10(9)19/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12?/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-DNMRROERSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.</description>
    <direct_parent>O-glycosyl compounds</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic oxygen compounds</super_class>
    <class>Organooxygen compounds</class>
    <sub_class>Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Acetals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>C-glycosyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Disaccharides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hemiacetals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Polyols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Primary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetrahydrofurans</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Acetal</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>C-glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Disaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>Hemiacetal</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>O-glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxane</substituent>
      <substituent>Polyol</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetrahydrofuran</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-3.26</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>0.36</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>7.92e+02 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>-4.5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>10.28</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>342.2965</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>342.116211546</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>[H][C@]1(CO)OC(O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]1([H])O[C@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C12H22O11</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)7(17)8(18)11(21-4)22-9-5(2-14)23-12(20,3-15)10(9)19/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12?/m1/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-DNMRROERSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>189.53</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>68.77</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>31.56</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>5</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>11</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>8</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1050</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1051</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1052</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1512</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1458</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB00740</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce3095d9a0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce3095d7e8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce3095d478&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce3095d270&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce3095cc80&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce3095c8e8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce3095c5a0&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce3095c258&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30903f90&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30903dd8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce309039c8&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30903608&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30903220&gt;</reference>
    <reference>#&lt;Reference:0x000055ce30902d20&gt;</reference>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
