1.0 2011-09-21 00:30:37 UTC 2015-07-21 06:57:44 UTC FDB023489 Ganglioside GA2 (d18:1/24:0) A glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide)or oligoglycosylceramide with one or more sialic acids (i.e. n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain. It is a component the cell plasma membrane which modulates cell signal transduction events. Gangliosides have been found to be highly important in immunology. Ganglioside GA2 carries a net-negative charge at pH 7.0 and is acidic. Gangliosides can amount to 6% of the weight of lipids from brain, but they are found at low levels in all animal tissues. Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids. There are four types of glycosphingolipids, the cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides and gangliosides. Gangliosides are very similar to globosides except that they also contain N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) in varying amounts. The specific names for the gangliosides provide information about their structure. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and the subscripts M, D, T and Q indicate that the molecule contains mono-, di-, tri and quatra-sialic acid. The numbered subscripts 1, 2 and 3 refer to the carbohydrate sequence that is attached to the ceramide. In particular, 1 stands for GalGalNAcGalGlc-ceramide, 2 stands for GalNAcGalGlc-ceramide and 3 stands for GalGlc-ceramide. Deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes that degrade the carbohydrate portions of various gangliosides are responsible for a number of lysosomal storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM1 gangliosidosis. The carbohydrate portion of the ganglioside GM1 is the site of attachment of cholera toxin, the protein secreted by Vibrio cholerae. [HMDB] C62H116N2O18 1177.587 1176.822314918 N-[(2S,3R)-1-{[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]tetracosanimidic acid N-[(2S,3R)-1-{[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]tetracosanimidic acid [H][C@@](CO[C@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@@]([H])(O[C@]2([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O[C@]3([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]3([H])NC(C)=O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]2([H])O)[C@]([H])(O)C1O)(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@]([H])(O)C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC InChI=1S/C62H116N2O18/c1-4-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-50(70)64-45(46(69)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-17-15-13-11-9-7-5-2)43-77-61-56(75)54(73)59(48(41-66)79-61)82-62-57(76)55(74)58(49(42-67)80-62)81-60-51(63-44(3)68)53(72)52(71)47(40-65)78-60/h36,38,45-49,51-62,65-67,69,71-76H,4-35,37,39-43H2,1-3H3,(H,63,68)(H,64,70)/t45-,46+,47+,48+,49+,51+,52-,53+,54+,55+,56?,57+,58-,59+,60-,61+,62-/m0/s1 XHRLJIMJGVPKKZ-GCMKNAEBSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as galnacb1-4galb1-4glc- (ganglio series). These are neutral glycosphingolipids in which the root sequence is GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glc. GalNAcb1-4Galb1-4Glc- (Ganglio series) Organic compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Sphingolipids Glycosphingolipids Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds Acetals Acetamides Alkyl glycosides Carbonyl compounds Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosines Hydrocarbon derivatives N-acyl amines N-acyl-alpha-hexosamines O-glycosyl compounds Oligosaccharides Organic oxides Organonitrogen compounds Organopnictogen compounds Oxacyclic compounds Oxanes Primary alcohols Secondary alcohols Secondary carboxylic acid amides Acetal Acetamide Alcohol Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound Alkyl glycoside Carbonyl group Carboxamide group Carboxylic acid derivative Fatty acyl Fatty acyl glycoside Fatty amide Galnacb1-4galb1-4glcb-cer_backbone Glycosyl compound Glycosyl-n-acylsphingosine Hydrocarbon derivative N-acyl-alpha-hexosamine N-acyl-amine O-glycosyl compound Oligosaccharide Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organoheterocyclic compound Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Oxacycle Oxane Primary alcohol Secondary alcohol Secondary carboxylic acid amide Solid logp 6.18 ALOGPS logs -5.08 ALOGPS solubility 9.79e-03 g/l ALOGPS logp 10.46 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 5.39 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 2.6 ChemAxon iupac N-[(2S,3R)-1-{[(2R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl]tetracosanimidic acid ChemAxon average_mass 1177.587 ChemAxon mono_mass 1176.822314918 ChemAxon smiles [H][C@@](CO[C@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@@]([H])(O[C@]2([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O[C@]3([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]3([H])NC(C)=O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]2([H])O)[C@]([H])(O)C1O)(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@]([H])(O)C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC ChemAxon formula C62H116N2O18 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C62H116N2O18/c1-4-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-50(70)64-45(46(69)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-17-15-13-11-9-7-5-2)43-77-61-56(75)54(73)59(48(41-66)79-61)82-62-57(76)55(74)58(49(42-67)80-62)81-60-51(63-44(3)68)53(72)52(71)47(40-65)78-60/h36,38,45-49,51-62,65-67,69,71-76H,4-35,37,39-43H2,1-3H3,(H,63,68)(H,64,70)/t45-,46+,47+,48+,49+,51+,52-,53+,54+,55+,56?,57+,58-,59+,60-,61+,62-/m0/s1 ChemAxon inchikey XHRLJIMJGVPKKZ-GCMKNAEBSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 322.86 ChemAxon refractivity 311.97 ChemAxon polarizability 140.49 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 48 ChemAxon acceptor_count 20 ChemAxon donor_count 12 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon HMDB04897 #<Reference:0x000055ce3329c618> Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 Beefalo Type 1 specific Bos taurus X Bison bison 297284 Bison Type 1 specific Bison bison 9901 Buffalo Type 1 specific Bubalus bubalis 89462 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 Deer Type 1 specific Cervidae 9850 Domestic goat Type 1 specific Capra aegagrus hircus 9925 Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 Elk Type 1 specific Cervus canadensis 1574408 Emu Type 1 specific Dromaius novaehollandiae 8790 European rabbit Type 1 specific Oryctolagus 9984 Greylag goose Type 1 specific Anser anser 8843 Guinea hen Type 1 specific Numida meleagris 8996 Horse Type 1 specific Equus caballus 9796 Mallard duck Type 1 specific Anas platyrhynchos 8839 Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 Mule deer Type 1 specific Odocoileus 9871 Ostrich Type 1 specific Struthio camelus 8801 Pheasant Type 1 specific Phasianus colchicus 9054 Quail Type 1 specific Phasianidae 9005 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 Squab Type 1 specific Columba 8931 Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Velvet duck Type 1 specific Melanitta fusca 371864 Wild boar Type 1 specific Sus scrofa 9823 Beta-1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 Q00973 B4GALNT1 Beta-galactosidase P16278 GLB1 Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha P06865 HEXA Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta P07686 HEXB Ganglioside GM2 activator P17900 GM2A Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase P09848 LCT Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase Q9UNP4 ST3GAL5 Sialidase-2 Q9Y3R4 NEU2 Sialidase-4 Q8WWR8 NEU4