<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<compound>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2011-09-21 01:25:07 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2015-07-21 06:59:08 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>FDB027483</accession>
  <name>Palmitoyl glucuronide</name>
  <description>Palmitoyl glucuronide is a natural human metabolite of Palmitic acid generated in the liver by UDP glucuonyltransferase.  
Glucuronidation is used to assist in the excretion of toxic substances, drugs or other substances that cannot be used as an energy source. Glucuronic acid is attached via a glycosidic bond to the substance, and the resulting glucuronide, which has a much higher water solubility than the original substance, is eventually excreted by the kidneys. [HMDB]</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>1-O-Palmityl-D-glucuronic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>1-O-Palmityl-delta-glucuronic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>1-O-Palmitylglucuronic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Hexadecylbeta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Hexadecylbeta-delta-glucopyranosiduronic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Pglcua</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C22H42O7</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>418.5647</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>418.293053698</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hexadecyloxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hexadecyloxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number/>
  <smiles>CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C22H42O7/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-28-22-19(25)17(23)18(24)20(29-22)21(26)27/h17-20,22-25H,2-16H2,1H3,(H,26,27)/t17-,18-,19+,20-,22+/m0/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>QFUQXEVPTHAOHS-SXFAUFNYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides. Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides are compounds composed of a mono- or disaccharide moiety linked to one hydroxyl group of a fatty alcohol or of a phosphorylated alcohol (phosphoprenols), a hydroxy fatty acid or to one carboxyl group of a fatty acid (ester linkage) or to an amino alcohol.</description>
    <direct_parent>Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides</direct_parent>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Fatty Acyls</class>
    <sub_class>Fatty acyl glycosides</sub_class>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Acetals</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alkyl glycosides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hexoses</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>O-glucuronides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>O-glycosyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Polyols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyrans</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-o-glucuronide</substituent>
      <substituent>Acetal</substituent>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl glycoside</substituent>
      <substituent>Beta-hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acyl glycoside of mono- or disaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>Glucuronic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hexose monosaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Monosaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>O-glucuronide</substituent>
      <substituent>O-glycosyl compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxane</substituent>
      <substituent>Polyol</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <external_descriptors>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <state>Solid</state>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4.89</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-4.12</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>solubility</kind>
      <value>3.19e-02 g/l</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <experimental_properties>
  </experimental_properties>
  <property>
    <kind>logp</kind>
    <value>4.69</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
    <value>3.53</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
    <value>-3.7</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>iupac</kind>
    <value>(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hexadecyloxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>average_mass</kind>
    <value>418.5647</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>mono_mass</kind>
    <value>418.293053698</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>smiles</kind>
    <value>CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)=O</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formula</kind>
    <value>C22H42O7</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchi</kind>
    <value>InChI=1S/C22H42O7/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-28-22-19(25)17(23)18(24)20(29-22)21(26)27/h17-20,22-25H,2-16H2,1H3,(H,26,27)/t17-,18-,19+,20-,22+/m0/s1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>inchikey</kind>
    <value>QFUQXEVPTHAOHS-SXFAUFNYSA-N</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
    <value>116.45</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>refractivity</kind>
    <value>109.63</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>polarizability</kind>
    <value>50.36</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
    <value>17</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
    <value>7</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>donor_count</kind>
    <value>4</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
    <value>-1</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <property>
    <kind>formal_charge</kind>
    <value>0</value>
    <source>ChemAxon</source>
  </property>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>22748</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>39454</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>174603</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>316516</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>316517</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>316518</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>362803</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>362804</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>362805</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2698758</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2698759</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2698760</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2983613</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2983614</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2983615</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <hmdb_id>HMDB10331</hmdb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <biocyc_id/>
  <het_id/>
  <wikipidia/>
  <vmh_id/>
  <fbonto_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <foods>
    <food>
      <name>Anatidae</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anatidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8830</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Beefalo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bos taurus X Bison bison</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>297284</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Bison</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bison bison</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9901</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Buffalo</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bubalus bubalis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>89462</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Cattle (Beef, Veal)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Bos taurus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9913</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Chicken</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Gallus gallus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9031</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Columbidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8930</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Deer</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cervidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9850</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Domestic goat</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Capra aegagrus hircus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9925</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Domestic pig</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Sus scrofa domestica</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9825</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Elk</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Cervus canadensis</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>1574408</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Emu</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Dromaius novaehollandiae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8790</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>European rabbit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Oryctolagus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9984</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Greylag goose</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anser anser</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8843</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Guinea hen</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Numida meleagris</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8996</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Horse</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Equus caballus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9796</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mallard duck</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Anas platyrhynchos</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8839</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mountain hare</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lepus timidus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>62621</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Mule deer</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Odocoileus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9871</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Ostrich</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Struthio camelus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8801</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Pheasant</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phasianus colchicus</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9054</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Quail</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Phasianidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9005</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rabbit</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Leporidae</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9979</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Rock ptarmigan</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Lagopus muta</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>64668</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Sheep (Mutton, Lamb)</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Ovis aries</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9940</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Squab</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Columba</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>8931</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Turkey</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Meleagris gallopavo</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9103</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Velvet duck</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Melanitta fusca</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>371864</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
    <food>
      <name>Wild boar</name>
      <food_type>Type 1</food_type>
      <category>specific</category>
      <name_scientific>Sus scrofa</name_scientific>
      <ncbi_taxonomy_id>9823</ncbi_taxonomy_id>
    </food>
  </foods>
  <flavors>
  </flavors>
  <enzymes>
    <enzyme>
      <name>Beta-glucuronidase</name>
      <uniprot_id>P08236</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>GUSB</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1</name>
      <uniprot_id>P22309</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT1A1</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3</name>
      <uniprot_id>P35503</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT1A3</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-4</name>
      <uniprot_id>P22310</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT1A4</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-5</name>
      <uniprot_id>P35504</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT1A5</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6</name>
      <uniprot_id>P19224</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT1A6</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9</name>
      <uniprot_id>O60656</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT1A9</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q9Y4X1</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT2A1</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A3</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q6UWM9</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT2A3</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B11</name>
      <uniprot_id>O75310</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT2B11</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15</name>
      <uniprot_id>P54855</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT2B15</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17</name>
      <uniprot_id>O75795</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT2B17</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B28</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q9BY64</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT2B28</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4</name>
      <uniprot_id>P06133</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT2B4</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
    <enzyme>
      <name>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7</name>
      <uniprot_id>P16662</uniprot_id>
      <uniprot_name/>
      <gene_name>UGT2B7</gene_name>
    </enzyme>
  </enzymes>
  <health_effects>
  </health_effects>
</compound>
