1.0 2011-09-21 01:41:31 UTC 2015-07-21 06:59:28 UTC FDB028553 Ganglioside GM1 (d18:0/23:0) Ganglioside GM1 (d18:0/23:0) is a ganglioside. Ganglioside is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. The 60+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA residues. It is a component of the cell plasma membrane that modulates cell signal transduction events. It appears that they concentrate in lipid rafts. They have recently been found to be highly important in immunology. Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.[1] Gangliosides are more complex glycosphingolipids in which oligosaccharide chains containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) are attached to a ceramide. NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of Gangliosides anionic. NB: the M in GM2 stands for monosialo, i.e., one NeuNAc residue. GM2 is the second monosialo ganglioside characterized, thus the subscript 2. Their structural diversity results from variation in the composition and sequence of the sugar residues. In all Gangliosides, the ceramide is linked through its C-1 to a beta-glucosyl residue, which, in turn, is bound to a beta-galactosyl residue. [Wikipedia] Particularly, Ganglioside GM1 (d18:0/23:0) is a GM1 Ganglioside. GM1 (monosialotetrahexosylganglioside), the prototype ganglioside, is a member of the ganglio series of gangliosides which contain one sialic acid residue. GM1 has important physiological properties and impacts neuronal plasticity and repair mechanisms, and the release of neurotrophins in the brain. Besides its function in the physiology of the brain, GM1 acts as the site of binding for both Cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (Traveller's diarrhea).[1][2] Antibodies to GM1 are increased in Guillain-Barre syndrome, dementia and lupus but their function is not clear.[3] There is some evidence to suggest these antibodies are associated with diarrhea in Guillain-Barre syndrome.[4] Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids. There are four types of glycosphingolipids, the cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides and gangliosides. Gangliosides are very similar to globosides except that they also contain N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) in varying amounts. The specific names for the gangliosides provide information about their structure. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and the subscripts M, D, T and Q indicate that the molecule contains mono-, di-, tri and quatra-sialic acid. The numbered subscripts 1, 2 and 3 refer to the carbohydrate sequence that is attached to the ceramide. In particular, 1 stands for GalGalNAcGalGlc-ceramide, 2 stands for GalNAcGalGlc-ceramide and 3 stands for GalGlc-ceramide. Deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes that degrade the carbohydrate portions of various gangliosides are responsible for a number of lysosomal storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM1 gangliosidosis. The carbohydrate portion of the ganglioside GM1 is the site of attachment of cholera toxin, the protein secreted by Vibrio cholerae. [HMDB] C79H144N2O31 1617.9835 1616.9753059 (2S,4S,5R)-2-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-tricosanamidooctadecyl]oxy}-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-oxopropyl)-4-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid (2S,4S,5R)-2-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-tricosanamidooctadecyl]oxy}-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-oxopropyl)-4-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H]3CC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@]3(C[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)C(O3)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C(O)=O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC InChI=1S/C79H144N2O31/c1-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-59(92)81-51(52(89)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-2)47-103-75-67(99)65(97)70(57(45-85)106-75)109-77-68(100)73(112-79(78(101)102)41-53(90)60(80-49(4)88)72(111-79)61(93)54(91)42-82)71(58(46-86)107-77)110-74-50(40-48(3)87)69(63(95)56(44-84)104-74)108-76-66(98)64(96)62(94)55(43-83)105-76/h50-58,60-77,82-86,89-91,93-100H,5-47H2,1-4H3,(H,80,88)(H,81,92)(H,101,102)/t50-,51+,52-,53+,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,60-,61-,62+,63+,64+,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71+,72?,73-,74+,75-,76+,77+,79+/m1/s1 AHNDRCGVVOSSOL-NCTVWYLDSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosphingolipids. These are sphingolipids containing a saccharide moiety glycosidically attached to the sphingoid base. Although saccharide moieties are mostly O-glycosidically linked to the ceramide moiety, other sphingolipids with glycosidic bonds of other types (e.g. S-,C-, or N-type) has been reported. Glycosphingolipids Organic compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Sphingolipids Glycosphingolipids Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds Acetamides Alkyl glycosides C-glucuronides C-glycosyl compounds Carboxylic acids Hydrocarbon derivatives Ketals Ketones Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives N-acyl amines N-acylneuraminic acids Neuraminic acids O-glycosyl compounds Oligosaccharides Organic oxides Organonitrogen compounds Organopnictogen compounds Oxacyclic compounds Oxanes Polyols Primary alcohols Pyrans Secondary alcohols Secondary carboxylic acid amides Acetal Acetamide Alcohol Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound Alkyl glycoside C-glucuronide C-glycosyl compound Carbonyl group Carboxamide group Carboxylic acid Carboxylic acid derivative Fatty acyl Fatty acyl glycoside Fatty amide Glycosphingolipid Glycosyl compound Hydrocarbon derivative Ketal Ketone Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives N-acyl-amine N-acylneuraminic acid N-acylneuraminic acid or derivatives Neuraminic acid O-glycosyl compound Oligosaccharide Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organoheterocyclic compound Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Oxacycle Oxane Polyol Primary alcohol Pyran Secondary alcohol Secondary carboxylic acid amide Solid logp 3.10 ALOGPS logs -4.37 ALOGPS solubility 6.97e-02 g/l ALOGPS logp 5.43 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 2.82 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -3.6 ChemAxon iupac (2S,4S,5R)-2-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-tricosanamidooctadecyl]oxy}-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-oxopropyl)-4-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid ChemAxon average_mass 1617.9835 ChemAxon mono_mass 1616.9753059 ChemAxon smiles CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H]3CC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@]3(C[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)C(O3)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C(O)=O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ChemAxon formula C79H144N2O31 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C79H144N2O31/c1-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-59(92)81-51(52(89)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-2)47-103-75-67(99)65(97)70(57(45-85)106-75)109-77-68(100)73(112-79(78(101)102)41-53(90)60(80-49(4)88)72(111-79)61(93)54(91)42-82)71(58(46-86)107-77)110-74-50(40-48(3)87)69(63(95)56(44-84)104-74)108-76-66(98)64(96)62(94)55(43-83)105-76/h50-58,60-77,82-86,89-91,93-100H,5-47H2,1-4H3,(H,80,88)(H,81,92)(H,101,102)/t50-,51+,52-,53+,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,60-,61-,62+,63+,64+,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71+,72?,73-,74+,75-,76+,77+,79+/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey AHNDRCGVVOSSOL-NCTVWYLDSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 528.55 ChemAxon refractivity 399.87 ChemAxon polarizability 181.9 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 59 ChemAxon acceptor_count 31 ChemAxon donor_count 19 ChemAxon physiological_charge -1 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::MsMs 2815129 Specdb::MsMs 2815130 Specdb::MsMs 2815131 Specdb::MsMs 2893172 Specdb::MsMs 2893173 Specdb::MsMs 2893174 HMDB11884 Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 Beefalo Type 1 specific Bos taurus X Bison bison 297284 Bison Type 1 specific Bison bison 9901 Buffalo Type 1 specific Bubalus bubalis 89462 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 Deer Type 1 specific Cervidae 9850 Domestic goat Type 1 specific Capra aegagrus hircus 9925 Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 Elk Type 1 specific Cervus canadensis 1574408 Emu Type 1 specific Dromaius novaehollandiae 8790 European rabbit Type 1 specific Oryctolagus 9984 Greylag goose Type 1 specific Anser anser 8843 Guinea hen Type 1 specific Numida meleagris 8996 Horse Type 1 specific Equus caballus 9796 Mallard duck Type 1 specific Anas platyrhynchos 8839 Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 Mule deer Type 1 specific Odocoileus 9871 Ostrich Type 1 specific Struthio camelus 8801 Pheasant Type 1 specific Phasianus colchicus 9054 Quail Type 1 specific Phasianidae 9005 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 Squab Type 1 specific Columba 8931 Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Velvet duck Type 1 specific Melanitta fusca 371864 Wild boar Type 1 specific Sus scrofa 9823 Alpha-N-acetylneuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase Q92185 ST8SIA1 Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d P15813 CD1D Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4 O96024 B3GALT4 Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 Q9Y2C3 B3GALT5 Epididymal secretory protein E1 P61916 NPC2 Ganglioside GM2 activator P17900 GM2A GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 1 O95427 PIGN GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 2 Q5H8A4 PIGG GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 3 Q8TEQ8 PIGO GPI mannosyltransferase 1 Q9H3S5 PIGM GPI mannosyltransferase 2 Q9NUD9 PIGV GPI mannosyltransferase 3 Q92521 PIGB GPI mannosyltransferase 4 Q86VD9 PIGZ GPI transamidase component PIG-S Q96S52 PIGS GPI transamidase component PIG-T Q969N2 PIGT GPI-anchor transamidase Q92643 PIGK Lactosylceramide 1,3-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferase Q9BYG0 B3GNT5 Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase Q9UNP4 ST3GAL5 N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase Q9Y2B2 PIGL Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase Q9HCG7 GBA2 Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U protein Q9H490 PIGU Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A P37287 PIGA Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit C Q92535 PIGC Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit H Q14442 PIGH Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit P P57054 PIGP Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Q Q9BRB3 PIGQ Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Y Q3MUY2 PIGY Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein Q07326 PIGF Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class W protein Q7Z7B1 PIGW Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class X protein Q8TBF5 PIGX Sialidase-3 Q9UQ49 NEU3 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, membrane-associated P15812 CD1E