1.0 2020-04-20 17:41:16 UTC 2025-11-19 03:11:21 UTC FDB112196 D-Maltose D-Maltose, also known as malt sugar, maltobiose or alpha-malt sugar, is a disaccharide consisting of two glucose subunits joined via an alpha-1-4 bond. Carbohydrates are generally divided into different categories based on the number of sugar subunits; monosaccharides (1 sugar subunit), disaccharides (2 sugar subunits), oligosaccharides (3 or more sugar subunits) and polysaccharides (hundreds to thousands of subunits, including starch). Maltose is a common byproduct of starch. When beta-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, thereby producing maltose. Maltose can be broken down to glucose by the maltase enzyme, which catalyses the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond. D-Maltose exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Maltose was 'discovered' by Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut, although this discovery was not widely accepted until it was confirmed in 1872 by Irish chemist and brewer Cornelius O'Sullivan. Its name comes from malt, combined with the suffix '-ose' which is used in naming all sugars. Like glucose, maltose is a reducing sugar, because the ring of one of the two glucose units can open to present a free aldehyde group. Maltose, when placed in aqueous solution, exhibits mutarotation. This is because the α and β isomers that are formed by the different conformations of the anomeric carbon have different specific rotations. In aqueous solutions, these two forms are in equilibrium. Maltose has a sweet taste, but is only about 30-60% as sweet as sucrose. Within humans, D-maltose participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, D-maltose can be converted into Alpha-D-glucose; which is mediated by intestinal maltase-glucoamylase. In addition, D-maltose can be converted into Alpha-D-glucose through its interaction with the enzyme glycogen debranching enzyme. In humans, D-maltose is involved in the metabolic disorder called the sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. Outside of the human body, D-maltose is found in high concentrations a variety of foods such as fruit gums, marshmallows, and oriental wheats. It is found in lower concentrations in bread, bagels, breakfast cereals, crackers, cornmeal, wheat, barley, candies, honey, molasses, beer and wines. Maltose is found mainly in grains and cereals. Wheat, corn, barley and rye all contain varying amounts of maltose. For some foods, cooking can increase the maltose content. For example, raw sweet potatoes don't have any maltose, but cooked sweet potatoes contain maltose at varying amounts depending on the type of sweet potato. Maltose is a component of malt, a substance which is obtained in the process of allowing grain to soften in water and germinate. Maltose is also found in partially hydrolysed starch products like maltodextrin, corn syrup and acid-thinned starch. C12H22O11 342.2965 342.116211546 (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10-,11+,12-/m1/s1 GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-DKBJLJRDSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond. O-glycosyl compounds Organic compounds Organic oxygen compounds Organooxygen compounds Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds Acetals Disaccharides Hemiacetals Hydrocarbon derivatives Oxacyclic compounds Oxanes Polyols Primary alcohols Secondary alcohols Acetal Alcohol Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound Disaccharide Hemiacetal Hydrocarbon derivative O-glycosyl compound Organoheterocyclic compound Oxacycle Oxane Polyol Primary alcohol Secondary alcohol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose logp -3.01 ALOGPS logs 0.23 ALOGPS solubility 5.86e+02 g/l ALOGPS logp -4.7 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 11.25 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -3 ChemAxon iupac (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol ChemAxon average_mass 342.2965 ChemAxon mono_mass 342.116211546 ChemAxon smiles OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O ChemAxon formula C12H22O11 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)6(16)9(19)12(22-3)23-10-4(2-14)21-11(20)8(18)7(10)17/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10-,11+,12-/m1/s1 ChemAxon inchikey GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-DKBJLJRDSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 189.53 ChemAxon refractivity 68.34 ChemAxon polarizability 31.43 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 4 ChemAxon acceptor_count 11 ChemAxon donor_count 8 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon Specdb::NmrTwoD 978 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1180 Specdb::CMs 15658 Specdb::CMs 37332 Specdb::CMs 148295 Specdb::CMs 148297 Specdb::CMs 148299 Specdb::CMs 148301 Specdb::CMs 148304 Specdb::CMs 148306 Specdb::CMs 148308 Specdb::CMs 148310 Specdb::CMs 148312 Specdb::CMs 173951 Specdb::CMs 279668 Specdb::CMs 1051769 Specdb::CMs 1051771 Specdb::CMs 1051773 Specdb::CMs 1051775 Specdb::CMs 1051777 Specdb::CMs 1051779 Specdb::CMs 1051781 Specdb::CMs 1051783 Specdb::CMs 1051785 Specdb::CMs 1051787 Specdb::CMs 1051789 Specdb::CMs 1051791 Specdb::MsMs 257 Specdb::MsMs 258 Specdb::MsMs 259 Specdb::MsMs 300682 Specdb::MsMs 300683 Specdb::MsMs 300684 Specdb::MsMs 343009 Specdb::MsMs 343010 Specdb::MsMs 343011 Specdb::MsMs 2423731 Specdb::MsMs 2423732 Specdb::MsMs 2423733 Specdb::MsMs 2515392 Specdb::MsMs 2515393 Specdb::MsMs 2515394 Specdb::NmrOneD 1125 Specdb::NmrOneD 1181 Specdb::NmrOneD 5932 Specdb::NmrOneD 5933 Specdb::NmrOneD 5934 Specdb::NmrOneD 5935 Specdb::NmrOneD 5936 Specdb::NmrOneD 5937 Specdb::NmrOneD 5938 Specdb::NmrOneD 5939 Specdb::NmrOneD 5940 Specdb::NmrOneD 5941 Specdb::NmrOneD 5942 Specdb::NmrOneD 5943 Specdb::NmrOneD 5944 Specdb::NmrOneD 5945 Specdb::NmrOneD 5946 Specdb::NmrOneD 5947 Specdb::NmrOneD 5948 Specdb::NmrOneD 5949 Specdb::NmrOneD 5950 Specdb::NmrOneD 5951 Specdb::NmrOneD 166525 HMDB0000163 Anatidae Type 1 specific Anatidae 8830 Beefalo Type 1 specific Bos taurus X Bison bison 297284 Bison Type 1 specific Bison bison 9901 Buffalo Type 1 specific Bubalus bubalis 89462 Cattle (Beef, Veal) Type 1 specific Bos taurus 9913 Chicken Type 1 specific Gallus gallus 9031 Columbidae (Dove, Pigeon) Type 1 specific Columbidae 8930 Deer Type 1 specific Cervidae 9850 Domestic goat Type 1 specific Capra aegagrus hircus 9925 Domestic pig Type 1 specific Sus scrofa domestica 9825 Elk Type 1 specific Cervus canadensis 1574408 Emu Type 1 specific Dromaius novaehollandiae 8790 European rabbit Type 1 specific Oryctolagus 9984 Greylag goose Type 1 specific Anser anser 8843 Guinea hen Type 1 specific Numida meleagris 8996 Horse Type 1 specific Equus caballus 9796 Mallard duck Type 1 specific Anas platyrhynchos 8839 Mountain hare Type 1 specific Lepus timidus 62621 Mule deer Type 1 specific Odocoileus 9871 Ostrich Type 1 specific Struthio camelus 8801 Pheasant Type 1 specific Phasianus colchicus 9054 Quail Type 1 specific Phasianidae 9005 Rabbit Type 1 specific Leporidae 9979 Rock ptarmigan Type 1 specific Lagopus muta 64668 Sheep (Mutton, Lamb) Type 1 specific Ovis aries 9940 Squab Type 1 specific Columba 8931 Turkey Type 1 specific Meleagris gallopavo 9103 Velvet duck Type 1 specific Melanitta fusca 371864 Wild boar Type 1 specific Sus scrofa 9823